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38БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
HUMANITY'S BIOSPHERE EFFECT AND ENVIRONMENTAL
PROBLEMS Rakhimov O.D.1, Rakhmatov M.I.2, Boirov Z.R.3
'Rakhimov Oktyabr Dustkobilovich — candidate of technical sciences, professor;
2Rakhmatov Makhmud Ismatovich - candidate of technical sciences, associate professor;
3Boirov Zafar Ravshanovich - assistant, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ECOLOGY"DEPARTMENT KARSHI ENGINEERING-ECONOMICS INSTITUTE, KARSHI CITY, UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the impact of the human-machine environment on the biosphere, the natural environment in the biosphere, such as: geomagnetic field, cosmic rays, weakness, natural lighting, natural disasters, and anthropogenic factors and acceleration of urbanization, including ecology, water, data on the negative changes in the vegetative and animal world, underground mining and landscape. Keywords: biosphere, geomagnetic field, cosmic rays, weakness, natural radiation, natural disaster, urbanization, the Aral Sea, the Aral Sea ecology.
DOI: 10.24411/2413-2101-2019-10501
As you know, human activities are carried out in a "human environment" or "human-machine environment." As a result of the interaction between the human environment and the environment, there is a possibility that the biosphere can become self-destructive. All the factors affecting the biosphere can be divided into two groups: natural and anthropogenic factors.
Natural factors affecting the biosphere are examples of geomagnetic space, cosmic rays, weakness, natural light intensification and natural disasters.
Geomagnetic field. The Earth is like a magnet. Magnetic force direction around the globe forms a magnetosphere and protects us from the "wind" of the sun. Strong energetic particles of solar plasma can be exposed to the Earth during high solar activity. They form magnetic storms that affect the consistent structure of the magnetosphere. The geomagnetic field is a physical phenomenon affecting all living organisms. During magnetic storms, the condition of the sick people can be aggravated and the number of heart disease can increase. Geomagnetic and geoelectric impacts can affect the operation of the controlling devices, causing various accidents, such as crashing of airplanes. For this reason, the magnetic field and magnetic storms of the earth require consideration of the safety and disaster.
Cosmic rays are corpuscular and electromagnetic and give us energy from space. At the boundary of the biosphere, various types of cosmic rays come in, including light rays, heat and infrared rays, ultraviolet light, and radioactive rays, shortwave and x-rays. In the biosphere, the intensity of this cosmic rays is very rare. They are a major threat to space flights. However, cosmic rays can have a significant impact on living organisms on the ground. For example, an increase in solar activity, ie a "burst" in the sun, is a heart attack and a stroke can lead to increased mortality and chronic diseases.
Weightlessness. Life on Earth has been and is continuing under the influence of constant force effect. Thus, functional and morphological changes are expected in the body when it is inactivity, which has been proven by research in space. At the moment there is enough experience in adaptation to the body's infertility condition and re-adaptation to the soil. Therefore, it is important to consider the weight factor in the life-sustaining system.
Natural Light Stresses. Cosmic rays and ionizing radiation from radioactive materials in soil and water, create background radiation. Different parts of the biosphere are different from the natural background radiation that can vary from one another to 3-4 times.
Natural disasters. - natural hazardous processes, such as earthquakes, droughts, volcanic eruptions, storms, floods, floods, snow falls, marshes, and soil erosion. Annual damage to natural disasters in the global economy is estimated at $ 30 billion. will reach. The average annual number of people killed by natural disasters is estimated to be about 250,000.
Anthropogenic effects on the biosphere. Antropogenic effects are the biosphere pollution caused by human activity. Human beings use all components of the biosphere, such as soil, water, animals, plants, minerals, landscapes, mountains and so on to meet their own needs and in their own interests. To this end, he relies on the rapidly developing technique. It is therefore inappropriate to suspend or undermine social and scientific-technical progress. In turn, the advancement of science technology
leads to the acceleration of the urbanization process. Urbanization is an increase in the proportion of cities and the wide spread of urban life. About half of the world's population lives now in cities. The urban, densely populated, industrial and transport-intensive cities are the main sources of biosphere pollution. Thousands of tons of pollutants, pollutants, solid wastes and heat are removed from the cities every day. Population morbidity in urban areas is also high. At the same time, human beings have a direct impact on the metabolism and energy exchange processes in the biosphere and, in some cases, cause natural disruption in the area. The unprecedented acquisition of natural resources, the increase in industrial production, and the increase in the number of vehicles create a strong environmental pollution problem. At present, more than 120 billion tons of minerals are extracted from the ground for the needs of mankind. More than 4,000 kilometers of water is used in different sectors of the national economy, and 10 billion oxygen is consumed in combustion. According to UNEP (1995), more than 200 tons of carbon dioxide gas is emitted every second, 750 tonnes of fertile soils are lost. Each year, the atmosphere is exceptionally large -more than 210 million tonnes of gases, more than 50 million tonnes of nitrogen oxides, more than 2 billion tonnes of ashy waste.
The state of the natural environment in Uzbekistan, which has been a raw material base for many years, has become very sad. At present large-scale urban and industrial centers in Uzbekistan have a complex ecological situation. The Aral Sea problem, the Aral Sea, creates many more ecological problems.
As a result of the extinction of the underground riches, the fertile land on the big steppes fell into disadvantages. Water, air, soil is polluted. Erosion, desertification, salinization processes have accelerated in waterproof lands. In the hot climate of Uzbekistan, air, water, and soil quality have a particularly strong impact on human health. In Uzbekistan, there is a direct link between the growth of various diseases and the pollution of the environment. 25-30% of the people living in Uzbekistan have "tasted" the acute environmental problems. 56.4% of the population is concerned about the environmental problems and the ecological situation. Because ecological errors are accumulating, it creates ecological crises and ecological crises. Due to pollution of the soil, dozens of substances accumulate in the roots, leaves and fruits of the plants, and pass into the animal kingdom. From the soil to vegetables 37% manganese, 41% spirit, 32% copper, and 10% nickel. Symbolic fish accumulate in the body, tin and cadmium plants and potatoes. Most of these compounds are capable of infecting human genetic material.
Therefore, the organization of the protection of the environment, including the protection of atmospheric, water, soil, plants and animals, underground mining and landscape, is the actual and top priority of the present day.
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