CC BY
24PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
УДК 9.433
HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE HISTORY OF SOCIAL POLICY ABOUT THE PROBLEMS OF
ORPHANHOOD AND CHILD NEGLECT IN THE 20-30 YEARS OF XX CENTURY IN THE
MODERN
Tulbasieva S.
Kazakh National Pedagogical University named Abay, Institute of History and Law, Department of History of Kazakhstan named after Academician T.S.Sadykov, The Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty
Abstract
The article discusses the causes of the problem of homelessness and orphan hood, as well as the ways and methods of solving them within the framework of the emerging and developing Soviet system of the social system of "state children". The author analyzes the scientific work in the historiography of the history of social policy regarding the problems of orphan hood and child homelessness in the 20-30 years of the twentieth century in modern times.
Keywords: history, historiography, children, homelessness, history of 20-30 years of the XX century.
The history of society essentially represents the everyday life of a person in its historical dimension, reflecting certain unchanging properties and qualities in accordance with the consolidation of new forms of housing, food, travel, work and leisure.
It is in the analysis of everyday life that lies the key to unraveling the question that often arises when being acquainted with specific destinies: how could people survive and maintain human dignity in the extreme conditions of revolutions, wars, terror, hunger and devastation? How people adapted to life circumstances. The social side of the life of Soviet citizens remained in the shadows.
For each person, primary socialization is especially important when the basic psychophysical and moral qualities of a person are laid. In relation to the child undergoing socialization, parents occupy a superior position. One of the main tasks facing the state regarding orphans is to ensure their social security because of the implementation of social protection, the possibility of a full life [1,c 70].
An analysis of the daily lives of children in the war and post-war period based on a large number of archival materials, new possibilities of visual anthropology, and also the recollections of eyewitnesses of those events allows us to gain new knowledge about the experience of not only "ordinary" children, but also children from those social groups that were struck in rights and in political and economic terms. The analysis of the experience gained by the Soviet state in the elimination of child homelessness and neglect in the extreme conditions of the war becomes an important factor in developing the right strategy and tactics in overcoming negative phenomena at the present stage of development of the state.
Thus, the development of this topic is of practical importance. Since the activities of the state and public organizations in relation to orphans in 1920-1930 in the Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic as part of the RSFSR deserve a special historical study.
The object of this article is the social policy regarding the problems of orphanhood and child homelessness in 1920-1930.
The purpose and objectives of the study are to identify the characteristic features of the evolution of the system of orphanages in 1920-1930. Achieving the goal involves solving a number of specific tasks:
-analysis of state policy on the development of the system of orphanages and its evolution;
-identification of sources of filling the contingent of orphanages; characteristics of the material conditions of the system;
- summarizing the historical experience of the creation and functioning of the system of orphanages in 1920-1930.
The first stream of historiographic scientific source can be attributed to the largest number of publications on the study of the history of orphans were articles of public education - "Krasnaya nov", "On the way to a new school", "Public education", "Educational work", "Orphanage" and others .
In the late 1920s and early 1930s, orphanhood and the problems of adolescents without parents became a hot topic.
At the entrance of the discussion, the question of orphanhood and the homelessness of children caused by socio-political and economic influences was increasingly raised.
The issue of homelessness in the 1920s was reflected in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, issued in 1927. Encyclopedias published articles on this subject M.S. Epstein, A.B. Zalkinda and other statesmen [2].
The contents of the article reflected the causes of homelessness and the measures taken by the Soviet state.
At the present stage of studying the topic of combating child homelessness and neglect, a number of problems are being rethought, and new research approaches are being sought, including taking into account the regional characteristics of these phenomena.
It should be named the work of E.A. Bender, Yu.G. Salov, E.F. Krinko, I.G. Tazhidinova, T.P. Khlypina, Zh.B. Abylkhozhina, M.L. Akulova, A.V. Tsai, T. Anpilogova, T. M. Smirnova, etc.
EA Bender in his scientific work "Combating the homelessness and neglect of minors in the RSFSR in the 1920-1930s. (based on materials from Leningrad and the Leningrad Oblast) "believes that," afterthe 1917 revolution, the ideathatfamily parenting was a temporary phenomenon characteristic of a specific historical moment, replaced by public education, prevailed. Nevertheless, as historical experience has shown, this theory turned out to be erroneous. In modern conditions, on the contrary, the family is considered the preferred form of education. Despite this, it must be assumed that boarding schools will remain the main institution for the socialization of orphans for a long time, since it is impossible to place every homeless child in the family. [3. c 3].
The study guide of Yu.G. Salov "Children's leisure in Soviet Russia (1920s)", reflected the issues of studying and organizing children's reading, staging theater work with children, the use of cinema in children's leisure, as well as diverse forms of club work with schoolchildren . According to the author: "Leisure was supposed to educate in the ideas of modernity, modernity had to flow in a broad river in an organized way. Since modernity was conceived as a struggle of "rection and revolution", the child was to become a "soldier at the front of the struggle", armed with a Marxist world outlook, class instinct and proletarian interests " [ 4, c 5].
In the monographic works of E.F. Krinko, I.G. Tazhidinova, TP Khlypina "Everyday life of a Soviet man of the 1920-1940s: life under conditions of social transformations" analyzes the everyday life of a Soviet man of the 1920-1940s, as well as the features of labor, military service, leisure time are reflected in the work Soviet citizens, their perception of time and space, as well as the basic strategies for the survival of the population of the USSR in the conditions of social thronformation. According to the Authors of the monograph "Soviet historians and social scientists paid much more attention to the issues of life and life of citizens of the USSR, but they, as a rule, acted only as secondary additions illustrating the processes of socialist construction. Thus, in the preparation of fundamental works on the history of the Soviet working class and the collective farm peasantry, descriptions of the culture and material situation of these social groups, as well as their socio-political activity, invariably occupied the last pages. " [ 5, c 15].
In the scientific work under the editorship of Zh.B. Abylkhozhina, M.L. Akulov, A.V. Tsay "Living memory. Stalinism in Kazakhstan - the Past, Remembrance, Overcoming "examines the history of the Stalinist repressions in Kazakhstan in the 1930s -1940s, the memory of them and their understanding by modern Kazakhstani society. The monograph consists of three sections: "History", "Memory", "Art" - and addresses the history of Stalinism: collectivization of agriculture, industrialization, forced deportations, mass repressions and the organization of a system of forced labor camps. The topics of totalitarian state violence and collective memory about that period of deprivation, suffering, and violation of human rights of a Soviet
citizen are also raised. The monograph gives a lecture to Katrion Kelly, a famous British scientist, historian of Russian and Soviet culture, a member of the British Academy of Sciences [6, c 6].
In T. Anpilogov's monograph "Children's homelessness in the Luhansk region of the 1920s and 1930s: the genesis and ways of eliminating" [7] the process of eliminating child homelessness and neglect in the Luganshina region in 1920-1930, the stages of the formation of a system of residential institutions for orphans are considered. Based on the analysis of numerous archival sources and scientific literature, the reasons for the emergence of child homelessness are revealed. As well as the role of state and public organizations in its struggle, the daily life of children in boarding schools. The fight against homelessness and its consequences took various forms. At first, it consisted of saving the children from the famine of 1921-1923, and, accordingly, the main forms of it were the evacuation of children, the opening of canteens and children's reception centers. In subsequent years, emphasis was put on the process of overcoming the consequences of hunger (the opening of inpatient facilities, the involvement of chefs in work with street children and assistance to childcare facilities). Then, at the turn of 1923 - 1924, the authorities switched to planned work - the development of clear forms of combating homelessness began, the development of a network of special institutions and institutions for helping children [7, c 38-39]
The scientific article by T.M.Smirnov "Orphanages and labor of the colony: life" the life of state children "in Soviet Russia 1920-1930" analyzes the Soviet regime of education of the so-called "state children" 1920-1930. According to the author: "In 1921, the Soviet Union was not only aware of the number of street children and children in need of placement in children's institutions, but also the number of orphanages, schools and other children's institutions, as well as the number of their pupils. Accordingly, the supply of children's institutions was random in nature, the beginnings of planning were introduced only after the creation of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee Children's Commission [8, c 18]
And also on this subject, A.A.Slavko devoted his doctoral dissertation on "Children's homelessness and neglect in Russia in the late 1920s-early 1950s: a social portrait, causes, forms of struggle" [9]. In the scientific work, a historical-comparative approach is used, which made it possible to analyze the mechanism for the implementation of certain measures to combat child neglect in their interconnection and interdependence, against the background and in comparison with other political and socio-economic phenomena that took place in the USSR in the period 20 -50s of the XX century.
In the Ph.D. thesis Samsonova S. A. "Politics and social practice of overcoming child homelessness in the Stavropol and Terek in the 20s - 30s. XX century "analyzes homelessness as a social phenomenon of early Soviet society and the features of its overcoming in the context of economic and sociocultural processes in the Stavropol and Terek in the 1920 - 1930 y [10].
In general, in our article we tried to briefly analyze and compare part of the research work. In general, all scientific works provide an analysis of historical experience in solving the problem of orphan hood in the Soviet space. The causes of the problem of homelessness and orphan hood are studied, as well as the ways and methods of solving them within the framework of the emerging and developing Soviet system of the social system of "state children".
Still, all scientific research work has determined the relevance and relevance of this problem to historical science in modernity. Especially the study of the history of homelessness and orphan hood in the context of local history, which is becoming more relevant and is a response to the challenges of globalization.
REFERENCES:
1. Nazarova I. Opportunities and conditions for the adaptation of orphans // Socis, 2001, No. 4, - p. 70
2. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia. S. 94-96; C 61-64 .; S 783-790
3. Bender E. A. The fight against homelessness and neglect of minors in the RSFSR in the 1920s and 1930s. (based on materials from Leningrad and the Leningrad region). Diss. work. As a manuscript. St. Petersburg, 2015, 187 s
4. Salova Yu.G. "Children's leisure in Soviet Russia (1920s)" Yaroslavl, 131c.
5. Krinko E.F., Tazhidinova I.G., Khlypina T.P. "The everyday life of Soviet people in the 1920s and 1940s: life under conditions of social transformations." Rostov-on-Don, 2011, 360s
6. Zh. B. Abylkhozhina, M. L. Akulova, A. V. Tsai "Living memory. Stalinism in Kazakhstan - the Past, Memory, Overcoming »Almaty, 2019, 272c.
7. Anpilogova T. Children's homelessness in the Lugansk region of the 1920-1930s: the genesis and ways of eliminating Lugansk, 2016, 176 pp.
8. Smirnova T.M. "Orphanages and labor of the colony: life" the life of state children "in Soviet Russia 1920-1930" // https://cyberleninka.ru/article. 1-23s.
9. Slavko A.A. Children's homelessness and neglect in Russia in the late 1920s-early 1950s: a social portrait, reasons, forms of struggle. // Abstract of dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Historical Sciences, Samara, 2011, 43 pp.
10. Samsonova S. A. About politics and social practice of overcoming child homelessness in the Stavropol Territory and the Terek in the 1920s and 1930s. XX century Stavropol 2012-27s.
УДК 378.1
PROJECT TECHNOLOGIES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL
COMPETENCE OF STUDENTS
Issayeva K.,
candidate of pedagogics, Professor, Faculty of physics and technology E. A. Buketov Karaganda state University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
Tsoi A.
Graduate, Faculty of physics and technology E. A. Buketov Karaganda state University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
ПРОЕКТНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ, СПОСОБСТВУЮЩИЕ ФОРМИРОВАНИЮ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТИ СТУДЕНТОВ
Исаева К.Р.,
кандидат педагогических наук, профессор,Физико-технический факультет Карагандинский государственный университет им. Е.А.Букетова, г.Караганда, Казахстан
Цой А.А.
магистрант, Физико-технический факультет Карагандинский государственный университет им. Е.А.Букетова, г.Караганда, Казахстан
Abstract
Informatization today is considered as one of the main ways to modernize the education system, which is associated not only with the development of technology and technology, but also the development of the information society. Accordingly, one of the main tasks of the modern education system is to develop projects and programs that contribute to the formation of professional competence of a specialist in modern society.
Аннотация
Информатизация сегодня рассматривается как один из основных путей модернизации системы образования, которое связано не только с развитием техники и технологий, но и развитием информационного общества. Соответственно, одной из главных задач современной системы образования является разработка проектов и программ, способствующих формированию профессиональной компетентности специалиста современного общества.
Keywords: information technologies, project technologies, professional competence, pedagogical technologies
Ключевые слова: информационные технологий, проектные технологий, профессиональная компетентность, педагогические технологий
