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site of contact was visually fixed. This was the site, the required depth of punctate was measured from.
After receiving the punctate, the needle was removed, and the puncture site was tamponed for 5-10 minutes to ensure hemostasis. Throughout this period, an ultrasound scan of the splenic puncture site was repeated every minute to monitor the development of hemorrhage. In no case, with a previous 12-hour fasting diet, no hemorrhage was detected. Puncture of the spleen in young cattle after feeding was accompanied by minor internal hemorrhage in two out of five cases, which may be associated with the increased rumen pressure on the spleen and the increased blood circulation.
Thus, according to the results of the study, the following can be concluded: in young cattle, the spleen puncture should be performed with ultrasonographic control, after a 12-hour fasting diet, in a lateral position with infiltration anesthesia. The prospect of further research is to publish the results of the spleen punctate study in clinically healthy bulls and heifers to clarify the issue of sexual dimorphism.
References
1. Tam, A., Krishnamurthy, S., Pillsbury, E. P., Ensor, J. E., Gupta, S., Murthy, R., Ahrar, K., Wallace, M. J., Hicks, M. E., & Madoff, D. C. (2008). Percutaneous image-guided splenic biopsy in the oncology patient: an audit of 156 consecutive cases. Journal of vascular and interventional radiology: JVIR, 19(1), 80-87.
doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2007.08.025
2. Lucey, B. C., Boland, G. W., Maher, M. M., Hahn, P. F., Gervais, D. A., & Mueller, P. R. (2002). Percutaneous nonvascular splenic intervention: a 10-year review. AJR. American journal of roentgenology, 179(6), 1591-1596. doi: 10.2214/ajr.179.6.1791591
3. Sammon, J., Twomey, M., Crush, L., Maher, M. M., & O'Connor, O. J. (2012). Image-guided percutaneous splenic biopsy and drainage. Seminars in interventional radiology, 29(4), 301-310. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1330064
4. Fry, M. M., Yao, B., Ríos, C., Wong, C., Mann, S., McArt, J., Nydam, D. V., Leal Yepes, F. A., Vies-selmann, L., Geick, A., Goldin, K., Jordan, A., & Behling-Kelly, E. (2018). Diagnostic performance of cytology for assessment of hepatic lipid content in dairy cattle. Journal of dairy science, 101(2), 1379-1387. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-12897
5. Dunayevs'ka O. F., Vasyl'chenko V. S. (2016). Makroskopichni osoblyvosti selezinky khrebetnykh tvaryn (ohlyad literatury). Ukrayins'kyy zhurnal medytsyny, biolohiyi ta sportu, 1 (1), 135-138. [In Ukrainian]
6. Sposib punktsiynoyi biopsiyi selezinky u velykoyi rohatoyi khudoby iz sonohrafichnym kontro-lem 116179 vid 10.05.2017, Byul. № 9. / Kravchenko S. O., Ks'ondz I. M., Romanenko YE. V., Lokes-Krupka T. P., Kanivets' N. S., Burda T. L. [In Ukrainian]
y^K 636.7.09:616.441-008.64:616.15
2National University of Life
Lokes-Krupka Tereziia,
candidate of veterinary sciences, 'Poltava State Agrarian Academy, Poltava, Ukraine
Tsvilichovsky Mykola, doctor of veterinary sciences and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Kanivets Nataliia, candidate of veterinary sciences 'Poltava State Agrarian Academy, Poltava, Ukraine
Karysheva Liudmyla senior teacher
'Poltava State Agrarian Academy, Poltava, Ukraine DOI: 10.24412/2520-6990-2021-693-9-11
HEMATOLOGICAL CHANGES IN DOMESTIC DOGS WITH HYPOTHYROIDISM
Summary.
The analysis of general clinical indicators of blood of dogs at a hypothyroidism with a clinical sign of weight loss (the first experimental group) and with obesity (the second experimental group) is carried out. To compare the results, some hematological parameters of domestic dogs with alimentary obesity are given.
In dogs with hypothyroidism, anemia was found, which manifested itself in a decrease in the number of erythrocytes compared to the control group by 33.8 and 26.5% and hemoglobin content - by 32.1 and 24.7%, respectively. Meanwhile, in the course of the study there was no significant difference in the average values of these hematological parameters of dogs with hypothyroidism, with different fatness.
In dogs of the first group the content of leukocytes was 1.8 times higher than the indicated indicator of clinically healthy animals, and in dogs of the second group 1.5 times, respectively.
Keywords: thyroid gland, decreased organ function, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes.
It is known that hypothyroidism is a disease that is caused by a deficiency of thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) in the thyroid gland [1,2]. These hormones have a significant effect on metabolism. After all, target cells
for thyroid hormones are present in most organs and tissues, so the lack of thyroid function affects the organism as a whole [3].
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VETERINARY SCIENCE / «COyLOMUM-JMrMaL» #6(93), 2©2fl
According to various researchers, hypothyroidism is a fairly common disease among diseases of the endocrine system of dogs [1,2]. In more than 95% of cases, hypothyroidism is caused by a decrease in the function of the thyroid gland (primary) as a result of autoimmune lymphocytic thyroiditis and subsequent atrophy of the organ [4,5]. The disease is more often registered in middle-aged and elderly animals. However, it was noted that in dogs of large breeds (Doberman, English and Irish Setter, Ridgeback, Golden Retriever and Labrador Retriever, Boxer, Dalmatian, etc.) the first signs of the disease may appear at the age of about three years, in addition to these breeds exclude the factor of heredity [2,6].
To diagnose hypothyroidism, total thyroxine (showing the total value of protein and free hormone) and TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) are now being determined. However, it is interesting to note changes in hematological parameters in primary hypothyroid-ism in dogs. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze changes in certain indicators of the morphological composition of the blood of dogs with hypothyroid-ism.
The study was conducted during 2018-2020 years in veterinary clinics c. Poltava. During this period, 11 domestic dogs were diagnosed with hypothyroidism. The animals belonged to different breeds, had different
Meanwhile, in the study does not have significant difference the average content of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the blood of dogs suffering from hypothyroidism with normal nutritional status and symptoms of obesity (r>0,05). This is probably due to the fact that in the studied animals these diseases have the character of a chronic inflammatory reaction and are caused by anemia, due to impaired reutilization of iron from the reticuloendothelial system [4].
As for the content of leukocytes, then we have found significant difference between dogs of this index research groups and clinically healthy. Thus, in dogs of the first group the content of leukocytes was 1.8 times higher than the specified rate of clinically healthy animals, and in dogs of the second group 1.5 times, respectively. This is probably due to the development of chronic inflammation, which is caused by hypothyroidism and obesity in experimental dogs.
So, for hypothyroidism in dogs develops oli-hohromemiya, olihotsytemiya and leukocytosis.
References
1. Dixon, M., Mooney, C. T., Reid, S. W. (1999). Epidemiological, clinical, haematological and biochemical characteristics of canine hypothyroidism. The Veterinary record, 145(17), 481-487. doi: 10.1136/vr.145.17.481
sexes (six females and five males) and age. Sick animals were divided into two groups: the first - with normal fatness; the second - with a clinical symptom of obesity.
As a result of researches the analysis of general clinical indicators of blood of animals (the table) was carried out. To compare the results, some hematologi-cal parameters of domestic dogs with alimentary obesity were given.
Thus, in dogs with hypothyroidism, both the first and second experimental groups, anemia was found, which manifested itself in a decrease in the number of erythrocytes compared to the control group by 33.8 and 26.5% and hemoglobin content - by 32.1 and 24.7 % respectively. Such data are confirmed by studies in human medicine [3]. After all, the genesis of anemia is due to a violation of hemoglobin synthesis caused by a deficiency of thyroid hormones [4]. The latter in case of insufficient secretion cause mucous edema of the skin and mucous membranes. The gastric mucosa is significantly affected [5]. Because of its swelling closed excretory duct gastric glands, which causes deficiency of gastric juice, including hydrochloric acid [4]. Hydrochloric acid has a significant effect on the absorption of iron, absorption of folic acid and cyanoco-balamin [6].
Table
2. Scott-Moncrieff J. C. (2007). Clinical signs and concurrent diseases of hypothyroidism in dogs and cats. The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice, 37(4), 709-vi. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2007.03.003
3. Ignatenko I. A. (2015). Narusheniya funktsii shchitovidnoy zhelezy u sobak. VetPharma, 5, 40-47. [In Russian]
4. Botsyurko, V. I., Babenko, I. H., Skrypnyk, N.V. et al. (2008). Hipotyreoz yak odna iz prychyn anemichnoho syndrome, Tezy dop. vseukr. nauk-prakt. konf : Anemichnyy syndrom v klinitsi vnutrishnikh khvorob (3-4 kvit. 2008, Ivano- Frankivs'k), 64-65. [In Ukrainian]
5. Pisots'ka, L. A., Abayantseva, T. O., Kul'kina, O. A., Babenko, V. V., Savchenko, N. O., Kiryeyeva, N. O., Pohorila, O .O., & Selezn'ova, M. L. (2008). Osoblyvosti perebihu anemiyi u khvorykh na hipotyreoz. Medytsyna transportu Ukrayiny, 3, 50-54. [In Ukrainian]
6. Hrovat, A., De Keuster, T., Kooistra, H. S., Duchateau, L., Oyama, M. A., Peremans, K., & Da-minet, S. (2019). Behavior in dogs with spontaneous hypothyroidism during treatment with levothyrox-ine. Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 33(1), 6471. doi: 10.1111/jvim.15342
General clinical indicators of blood of a domestic dogs with alimentary obesity and ^ hypothyroidism, M±m
Index Clinically healthy dogs, n=15 dogs with alimentary obesity, n=30 Hypothyroidism, the first group, n=4 Hypothyroidism, the second group, n=7
Erythrocytes, T / l 6,8±0,30 6,9±0,22 4,4±0,16** 5,0±0,16**
Hemoglobin, g / l 145,9±5,44 142,2±3,5 99,1±5,13** 109,8±5,14**
MCH, pg 21,7±0,63 21,1±0,54 22,5±0,68 21,9±0,48
Leukocytes, G / l 10,5±0,58 15,6±0,55*** 18,8±1,25*** 15,4±0,58***
Note: ** - p<0.01 compared to clinically healthy dogs
