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PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
HAMLET IS THE MASTERPIECE OF ENGLISH LITERATURE Khojanazarova G.G. (Republic of Uzbekistan) Email: [email protected]
Khojanazarova Gulbahor Gofurjonovna - Assistant Тeacher, ROMAN-GERMAN LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT, FOREIGN PHILOLOGY FACULTY, URGENCH STATE UNIVERSITY, URGENCH, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: аШ of this article is to inform on research intended to find out specific features of the drama "Hamlet", which is set in Denmark and follows the prince Hamlet, who seeks revenge upon his uncle Claudius. Claudius murdered his brother, Hamlet's father, in order to seize the throne and also married his wife and Hamlet's mother Gertrude. After Hamlet's sentries and his friend Horatio encounter the ghost of King Hamlet, they vow to tell his son what they have witnessed. Even in Shakespeare's own lifetime, Hamlet would have been performed multiple times and considered remarkably influential. Its appeal has not lessened over time. Keywords: tragedy, line, drama, monologue.
ГАМЛЕТ - ЭТО ШЕДЕВР АНГЛИЙСКОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ Ходжаназарова Г.Г. (Республика Узбекистан)
Ходжаназарова Гулбахор Гофуржоновна - ассистент преподавателя, кафедра романо-германской филологии, факультет иностранной филологии, Ургенчский государственный университет, г. Ургенч, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: целью данной статьи является информирование об исследованиях, направленных на выяснение особенностей драмы «Гамлет», которая разворачивается в Дании и преследует принца Гамлета, который стремится отомстить своему дяде Клавдию. Клавдий убил своего брата, отца Гамлета, чтобы захватить трон, а также женился на своей жене и матери Гамлета Гертруде. После того, как часовые Гамлета и его друг Горацио сталкиваются с призраком короля Гамлета, они обещают рассказать его сыну, что они засвидетельствовали. Даже при жизни Шекспира Гамлет был бы исполнен несколько раз и считался удивительно влиятельным. Его привлекательность не уменьшилась с течением времени. Ключевые слова: трагедия, черта, драма, монолог.
The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, usually shortened to just Hamlet, was written by William Shakespeare sometime between 1599-1602. It is arguably one of his most famous tragedies. The lines from Hamlet's monologue in act three that begin "To be, or not to be..." have been studied and are widely known even amongst those that are otherwise unfamiliar with Shakespeare's work.
Hamlet is fraught with grief and anxiety. Making matters more complicated is the young Ophelia who seeks Hamlet's attention. Hamlet is determined to see his father's ghost for himself and seeks him out only to get the confirmation that he has been called upon to avenge King Hamlet's death. Though still uncertain about the validity of his father's ghostly apparition, Hamlet vows to avenge his father's death.
Sensing Hamlet's unease and hearing complaints of Hamlet's erratic behavior towards Ophelia, King Claudius and his new wife Gertrude solicit help from two of his friends, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to get to the bottom of his strange behavior. Hamlet senses his friends have been sent as spies and is resentful. He accuses Ophelia of immodesty and assembles the court to watch a play that he has commissioned. It tells the story of Claudius poisoning King Hamlet. Claudius arises during the scene of the poisoning which to Hamlet proves his guilt.
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Following the play, Hamlet's mother Gertrude demands an explanation. Claudius meanwhile, debates repenting his guilt whilst praying. During his prayer Hamlet has the opportunity to kill him but cannot, believing the killing Claudius during his prayer would send him to heaven instead of hell. Gertrude and Hamlet have a bitter altercation, during which Polonius is hiding in the corner and startled to hear Hamlet's accusations. When he makes a noise, Hamlet thinks it is Claudius and stabs Polonius to death.
Following his error, Hamlet berates his mother for believing Claudius, only to be reprimanded by the ghost of his father for his cruelty. Gertrude cannot see her departed husband's ghost and believes her son to be insane. Claudius demands that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern accompany his nephew to England for his immediate execution. A grief stricken Ophelia descends into madness as her brother Laertes arrives back in Denmark enraged at his sister's condition and his father's death.
Hearing that Hamlet has arrived back in Denmark against his wishes, Claudius attempts to use Laertes as a means to his demise by arranging a fencing match where Laertes will use a poison tipped foil. Should Hamlet win, Claudius is prepared with celebratory poisoned wine. This match occurs prematurely and without the poison though, at Ophelia's funeral when Hamlet proclaims his love and fights Laertes by her graveside. The duel is broken up for sake of the later battle.
Prince Hamlet is depressed. Having been summoned home to Denmark from school in Germany to attend his father's funeral, he is shocked to find his mother Gertrude already remarried. The Queen has wed Hamlet's Uncle Claudius, the dead king's brother. To Hamlet, the marriage is "foul incest." Worse still, Claudius has had himself crowned King despite the fact that Hamlet was his father's heir to the throne. Hamlet suspects foul play. When his father's ghost visits the castle, Hamlet's suspicions are confirmed. The Ghost complains that he is unable to rest in peace because he was murdered. Claudius, says the Ghost, poured poison in King Hamlet's ear while the old king napped. Unable to confess and find salvation, King Hamlet is now consigned, for a time, to spend his days in Purgatory and walk the earth by night. What if the Ghost is not a true spirit, but rather an agent of the devil sent to tempt him? What if killing Claudius results in Hamlet's having to relive his memories for all eternity? Hamlet agonizes over what he perceives as his cowardice because he cannot stop himself from thinking. Words immobilize Hamlet, but the world he lives in prizes action. In order to test the Ghost's sincerity, Hamlet enlists the help of a troupe of players who perform a play called The Murder of Gonzagoto which Hamlet has added scenes that recreate the murder the Ghost described. Hamlet calls the revised play The Mousetrap, and the ploy proves a success. As Hamlet had hoped, Claudius' reaction to the staged murder reveals the King to be conscience-stricken. Claudius leaves the room because he cannot breathe, and his vision is dimmed for want of light. Convinced now that Claudius is a villain, Hamlet resolves to kill him. But, as Hamlet observes, "conscience doth make cowards of us all."In his continued reluctance to dispatch Claudius, Hamlet actually causes six ancillary deaths. The first death belongs to Polonius, whom Hamlet stabs through a wall hanging as the old man spies on Hamlet and Gertrude in the Queen's private chamber. The play ends as Prince Fortinbras, in his first act as King of Denmark, orders a funeral with full military honors for slain Prince Hamlet.
References / Список литературы
1. Anikst A. Afterword to "Hamlet" // Shakespeare U. Full collection of works in 8 volumes.
Moscow: Art, 1970. T. 6.
2. Hamlet // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: 86 t. (82 t. And 4 extra.). SPb.,
1890-1907.
