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Nurillayev I.X. teacher
Karshi State University
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SWEET MAIZE IN THE SOIL CLIMATE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTHERN REGION
Abstract. This article presents and compares the results of our research aimed at studying the effect of soil on the productivity of new and promising varieties of sweet corn in the conditions of alluvial soils. In addition, in such soil conditions, it is important to identify methods that help not only to maintain soil fertility, but also to increase the yield and quality of the main crops.
Key words: Sweet corn, growth, development, pollination, ecology, food.
INTRODUCTION. The relevance of the problem is to study the environmental impact on the productivity of new and promising sweet corn varieties in the salinity of grassland alluvial soils. One of the main elements of the farming system is the optimal method of basic tillage and fertilization of the soil. In addition, in such saline soil conditions, it is important to identify methods that help not only to maintain soil fertility, but also to increase the yield and quality of the main crops. This is directly related to the cultivation of sweet corn for grain, which occupies one of the leading positions in the food sector and provides valuable feed for animals. Sweet corn is one of the fodder crops with high productivity. Its grain is used in fodder production, food, medicine, microbiology, chemical industry and other sectors of the national economy.
RESEARCH MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY. Sweet corn plants are a good and inexpensive feed for all types of livestock and birds. Sweet corn grain has high nutritional qualities: 1 kg of its nutritional value is equal to 1.34 fodder, 1 kg of oat is equal to 1, and 1.2 fodder of barley. units Sweet corn grain contains 65-70% nitrogen-free extractives, 9-14% protein, 5-12% sugar, and 4-5% fat. Organic matter of sweet corn is digested up to 86-93%. To date, hybrids of sweet corn have been created, which contain a lot of important amino acids -lysine, tryptophan, etc., which can significantly increase the weight of animals while reducing feed costs.
Domestic and foreign agricultural experience shows that by improving the circulation of nutrients in agriculture, by increasing the level of income substances in the balance of nutrients, it is possible to maintain and increase soil fertility and increase quality plant products. The basis of this process is to provide plants with enough nutrients. "Using soil without taking measures to increase its fertility is slow ecological suicide." In all countries of the world where agriculture is highly developed, at least half of plant growth is due to the use of mineral fertilizers. Mineral fertilizers are one of the main means of increasing crop productivity and will remain so in the near future. Despite the high yield potential of sweet corn,
the growing demand for grain and feed is not yet fully met by this crop. Correctly placing it in crop rotation, as well as eliminating the negative effects of weeds, is one of the main ways to increase its productivity. At the same time, first of all, it is necessary to take care of soil fertility. An important factor in maintaining and increasing it is a reasonable system of tillage, which should ensure a good interaction with the chemical agents used. All this ultimately reduces the loss of nutrients, increases the return of fertilizers. Thus, the study of agrotechnical measures, such as different methods of processing on the background of mineral and organic fertilizers in the cultivation of sweet corn for grain, is relevant in the conditions of the Central Asian region. In addition, corn grain is important in solving the nutritional problem of developing meat, milk, livestock and poultry farming in Kashkadarya, firstly because it absorbs the salinity of the soil, and secondly, it is used as fodder for livestock and poultry farming. It is important because of its characteristics. The most important biological characteristics of sweet corn are the state of plasticity, which provides wide genetic variation and high environmental adaptation to a wide range of external conditions. Due to high biological adaptation, sweet corn is able to develop normally in different regions of the country. Therefore, the biological requirements of sweet corn can vary greatly. about biochemical, physiological, morphological and other characteristics due to changes in the amplitude, correlation complex. In order to fully and economically use sweet corn, it must be cultivated according to healthy technology, for this it is necessary to know its biological characteristics and basic requirements for growing conditions. The best approach to anything is to use environmental factors to provide reasonable agricultural practices and environmental requirements depending on specific soil and climate conditions. For the rational selection of adapted hybrids, the question of classification of sweet corn biotypes is of primary importance, taking into account the specific characteristics of the climate and economy of the region, specific zonal conditions, heat supply and day depending on their early germination. length. To determine the feasibility and appropriateness of tillage and fertilizer doses to obtain high-yielding sweet corn grain and nutritional value for grassland alluvial saline soil zone conditions, use of fertilizers and tillage soil fertility significantly improves.
RESEARCH RESULTS. In the control variant of the experiment, the coefficients of energy assessment of agricultural practice in the cultivation of sweet corn for grain are 3.1-3.8 units. with minimal tillage has a greater value, and with the increase in total costs, including the application of fertilizers, the increase in yield during plowing provides a greater output of gross energy per unit area, which contributes to an increase in the energy coefficient.
DISCUSSION. One of the most important problems of industrial grain production is the availability of hybrids with high genetic yield, adaptability and immunity to major diseases and pests. the introduction of new sweet corn hybrids with high potential for production productivity, the issue of stabilizing their
productivity has arisen: only due to the poor adaptation of hybrids to the specific environment, the conditions and the level of agricultural technology, the yield loss is thirty or more may be damaged. One of the most important ecological features of sweet corn is its wide range of response to changing environmental conditions, exponential manifestations of plasticity and stability. The high plasticity of sweet corn is expressed in the ability to form varieties, and the hybrids are more productive than other annual crops with resources adapted to fuller use of climatic conditions.
CONCLUSION. In conclusion, the main factors influencing the productivity of sweet corn crops are genotypes, environment and their interactions. Thus, among the methods of evaluating different varieties of sweet corn under different soil conditions, it helps to choose the best in terms of yield. To test this, field experiments should focus on determining the resistance of sweet corn varieties planted in saline soils.
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