CC BY
14УДК 21474
Konakbayev O.B.
L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National university (Kazakhstan , Nur-Sultan)
Mizamova K.I.
Acting Associate Professor at ITF ENU L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National university (Kazakhstan , Nur-Sultan)
GRAIN RECEIVING AUTOMATION
Abstract: the article discusses various aspects of automation of grain acceptance based on the experience of implementing the hardware and software complex "ADA" developed by the company "ADA SCALE" LLP. This solution was installed at several dozen enterprises from different industries (chemical industry, oil refining, fertilizer production, solid waste landfills, agricultural sector, etc.), which allowed us to accumulate experience in creating systems of different levels of complexity.
Key Words: vehicle scales, automation, grain receiving automation, RFID, elevator, weight accounting software, workstation, cargo weighing.
Automation of grain receiving - speeds up the operations of receiving, weighing, simplifies work with documents, significantly reduces the human factor and errors.
With the automation of grain acceptance, the results are immediately visible: which cars were weighed, how much production was received from the fields (arrays), specific combines or brigades. On-line, you can control the receipt of grain, its placement in storage strips, cleaning in a grain cleaning unit (GCU).
Grain current is an area with equipment, a complex of machines for post-harvest grain processing and temporary storage areas (strips). At the grain flow, grain is taken from the fields through truck scales, weighed, cleaned, sorted, temporarily stored, pickled, dried and placed in long-term storage warehouses.
The most important metering point is the vehicle weighing machine. Through truck scales, grain products are received from the fields, accounting for internal movements, product delivery to consumers and for internal consumption is carried out.
The basic technology for automation of grain flow metering is bar coding. Firstly, it is the most inexpensive way to automate accounting and document flow. Secondly, in the event of any equipment failures, it remains possible to switch to traditional paper work. The accounting automation system does not cancel paper workflow, all accounting is carried out on the basis of primary paper documents, automation allows you to process documents and data faster, eliminating the human factor and mistakes, usually overloaded employees during the hot season.
We recommend using RFID identification (radio frequency) only after perfectly debugged system operation using bar codes and paper documents. Despite the fact that we sell RFID equipment and create accounting systems based on this technology. Few people talk about what problems arise in enterprises when the RFID system fails during the hot season. Usually RFID is ordered either by very money clients - "I want", or for image show-off, as "innovation". The operation of the RFID-based accounting and identification automation system immediately implies significant investments both in the system and in the reserve fund of equipment. Otherwise, it may turn out that with a "successful" coincidence of circumstances, for example, a thunderstorm, a reader or controller will fail, which no one keeps in a warehouse in Kazakhstan, and which will arrive "on order" in a couple of months. We repeat our recommendation - we recommend the use of RFID identification (radio frequency) only after the system has been perfectly adjusted using bar codes and paper documents.
Automated grain receiving points are a full range of advanced equipment, truck scales, high-tech bunkers for loading and unloading grain crops, buildings and structures equipped with special equipment, working in a single and well-coordinated system.
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The principle of operation of such a point is that starting from the checkpoint (checkpoint), it is configured for an employee holding a specific position. With the help of a data collection terminal (DCT), information is entered about the driver and the car that arrived at the grain receiving point. Then the pass is printed on the label printer - and only after that the car enters the territory.
Then, wirelessly (Wi-Fi), the data instantly enters the accounting system of the enterprise, most often this is the 1C program. The next stage is that the truck loaded with grain passes to the truck scales for accurate weighing.
At the elevator, we recommend using truck scales with an LEL of 60-80 tons.
Then the employee of the elevator issues the report of the first weighing.
Before unloading the grain, a sample is taken and its grade is determined. For these purposes, laboratory technologists use scales-moisture meters at elevators. Such high-precision scales are a universal device for determining grain moisture in order to control product quality.
After weighing the car, it is unloaded, and it goes to weighing again, after which the second weighing act is issued to the driver.
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All data is processed in the accounting program and outgoing documents will be ready. Moreover, they will be earlier than the driver has time to reach the accounting department.
With the automation of grain acceptance, you can quickly receive reports: which cars were weighed, how much products were received from the fields (arrays), specific combines or brigades. On-line, you can control the receipt of grain, its placement in storage strips, cleaning in the grain cleaning unit. The whole process at the elevator is accompanied by video surveillance. Cameras are installed at control points (vehicle entry / exit, grain loading / unloading, transport route), and it is also possible to remotely control it via the Internet using video surveillance IP cameras.
Thanks to the automation system of the grain receiving point, its throughput increases, a clear accounting of the process is carried out - from the beginning to the end of receiving grain, the number of thefts is significantly reduced, up to their complete elimination. Simple and clear reports enable the administration of the enterprise to "keep abreast" and be aware of the whole process.
Automation of the system completely eliminates the human factor. All links of the enterprise are under control. Regardless of the scale and volume, in an extremely short time at your enterprise, the automation of the point will be carried out as efficiently, quickly and efficiently as possible. The advantage of the system is that grain accounting is carried out in quantitative and qualitative terms, and this is very important for grain storage. The development of automation is an ongoing process, and your production will expand with it.
Список литературы:
Подлипенский В.С. Элементы и устройства автоматики // СПб.: Полтехника, 1995. 472 с.
Круповича В.И., Барыбина Ю.Б., Самовера М.Л. Справочник по проектированию автоматизированного электропривода и систем управления технологическими процессами
Клабуков В.Ф., Мельниченко П.И. От локальных задач автоматизации к интегрированной АСУ // Хранение и переработка зерна. - 2002. - № 4.
