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7. Шафранов-Куцев Г.Ф. Современные вызовы и реальность профориентационной деятельности в системе «школа - вуз - рынок труда» // Социс. -2015. - № 1. - С. 120-128.
8. Уровень жизни населения в январе-октябре 2015 года [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: http://astrastat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect.
GLOBAL FACTORS OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL INEQUALITY AND THEIR DISPLAYS IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION
© Галатов А.М.*, Долгановская Н.В.*
Южный федеральный университет, г. Ростов-на-Дону
This article highlights the global factors of economic and social inequality. The authors review the following problems in Russia: the roots of inequality in Russia and different causes that influence its development comparing the aggregate capitals of billionaires with the Gross National Product in different regions. The authors’ attention is paid to the problem of progressive taxation and capital transparency, pointing out the necessity of establishing the capital inheritance tax as one of ways of solving this problem.
Key words: social inequality, Russian economy, capital, economic inequality, economic policy, causes of inequality in Russia.
Probably, inequality is the most serious, widely spread, but at the same time, natural consequence of the capitalistic way of economic activity and social organization in the whole world. But we should admit, that the degree of inequality depends on different factors and takes very different places by the level of problematic and conflictness in different countries, that has different duration of existence in global system of capitalistic relationship. It’s significant, that in a world-famous book “Capital in the XXI century” written by Thomas Piketty, there is almost no information about inequality in Russian Federation. The author, during his lections in Moscow State University claimed, that there were not enough reliable sources of information in our country. But it’s obviously, that we should understand the necessity of understanding the roots of inequality in Russia, determine the depth of this social fact and analyze some methods of resistance comparing with the experience of other countries.
Firstly, we have to accept that modern Russian economical and political system is rather auspicious for inequality. In developing countries the process of
* Студент 4 курса Института социологии и регионоведения.
* Преподаватель кафедры Английского языка гуманитарных факультетов Института филологии, журналистики и межкультурной коммуникации.
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state property privatization has a great impact on large capital accumulation and its further growth. For example, Mexican media mogul Carlos Slim Helu, who had had profitable deals in privatization of Mexican telecommunication companies and was repeatedly declared the wealthiest person of the world, Russian oligarchy earned its capital by acquiring former soviet enterprises in primary industries for underestimated costs in the 1990-s. After a great number of such actions, our country received extremely high index of financial inequality.
The negative situation occurs if we compare the aggregate capitals of billionaires with the Gross National Product in different regions. For example, in Europe, the amount of this indicator is 5-10 %, in the USA - about 15 %, but in our country it reaches the quarter of GNP. This facet is extremely dangerous. At the same time all the actions of Russian government raise our doubts: in conditions of 10 % trade surplus, during last 15 years, gold reserves has reached only approximately 30 % of GNP. The contradiction of these figures generally constitutes the capital, output abroad, mainly using offshore. The problem of tax harbors, obviously, worries our government, but eventually there is no clear methods of resistance to this negative tendency.
The next problem is absence of progressive taxation and capital transparency, although both of this factors are extremely important if the state wants to decrease the level of inequality. Perhaps Russian Federation is more than any other state is interested in compelling billionaires to pay high taxes and in making the information about their income as clear as possible. 13 % income tax means that disproportion of wealth distribution, concentrated in the hands of large business owners, will further worsen. At the same time it generates extremely high income of top-managers, whose efficiency and productivity is too exaggerated. For instance, in the US, the maximal income tax for highest officials and top-managers, for 50 years (1930-1980) had been 82 % and American capitalism hadn’t suffered from such measures, but they allowed to prevent a huge gap in the level of welfare. We shouldn’t make illusions, that progressive taxation, threatening the financial might of the richest persons of the world meets enthusiasm from capital holders anywhere. Strong resistance is inevitable, because the rich don’t want to pay more for their consumption, despite the fact, that their consumption is greatly differ from average individual: they can afford consuming not only goods, in popular sense, but politicians, even the whole political parties, as sponsorship of rightwing parties, that support laws, permitting every billionaire’s capital to grow outrunning paces.
The need of sharing capital with society is obvious, even if we talk about heirs of billions. When the wealth had already been accumulated, it would continue stable growing for decades just because of its size and the logic of property dynamic. The fact of inheritance of capital with permanently multiplying income is one of the most serious consequences of modern capitalism. It leads to noncompliance of meritocracy principles and to appearance of rich loungers class.
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For example, Liliane Bettencourt, the heir of cosmetic empire L’Oreal hasn’t earned her income by herself, but her capital grows stably, as Bill Gate’s one. Bequeathed capitals should benefit not only a heir, but the whole society. Therefore the need of large capital inheritance tax occurs, but, unfortunately, in Russia such institute also hasn’t been established yet.
References:
1. Piketty T Capital in the XXI century [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: http://dowbor.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/14Thomas-Piketty.pdf.
2. Gross national income statistics [Электронный ресурс] // World Bank. -Режим доступа: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD.
3. The World's Billionaires [Электронный ресурс] // Forbes. - Режим доступа: http://www.forbes.com/billionaires/.
VALUABLE MEMORY OF THE VICTORY IN WORLD WAR II FOR THE MODERN YOUTH
© Гетман А.В.* *, Долгановская Н.В.*
Южный федеральный университет, г. Ростов-на-Дону
The article highlights the historical memory of the Great Patriotic War.
The importance of the victory for the modern youth is demonstrated explaining the significance of being patriotic.
Key words: historical, victory, patriotism, Soviet people.
The historical memory of the Great Patriotic War is one of the main components of the historical consciousness of the Russian people, which is like no other spiritual phenomenon, carries consolidating, unifying Russian society function. The memory of the events of war, distinguished participants, the heroic deeds of our compatriots, the bitterness of the losses incurred huge carries a charge of spiritual unity of Russian society, with all the complexity of its social structure and socio-economic differences.
The Great Patriotic War left a deep mark in the memory of the Soviet people. This war showed all the cruelty and inhumanity of armed conflict, it took 70 years, as the end of this war, but not diminished society's interest in this historic event. The younger generation has to know and remember it.
* Студент 4 курса Института социологии и регионоведения.
* Преподаватель кафедры Английского языка гуманитарных факультетов Института филологии, журналистики и межкультурной коммуникации.
