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GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF VINE VARIETIES WITH INTERSPECIFIC _HYBRIDIZATION_
Zamanidis P.K.
dr.proffesor of institute of Olive, Subtropical Plants and Vine, Vine Athens Department, ELGO Dimitra
S.Venizelou 1, 141 23 LikovrisiAttikis Athens, Greece,
Paschalidis CH.,D.,
dr.proffesor of Technological Educational Institute of Peloponnese, MessiniaAntikalamos.
Evangelogiannis D.I.
institute of Olive, Subtropical Plants and Vine, Vine Athens Department, ELGO Dimitra S.Venizelou 1, 141
23 LikovrisiAttikis Athens, Greece,
АННОТАЦИЯ
В настоящей работе представленно краткое описание 12 новых сортов винограда устойчивых к низким температурам , грибным болезням ,толерантных к филлоксере.Которые выведенны в институте Маслины, субтропитропических культур и винограда Крити, в отделе виноградарства Ликовриси ЕЛ.Г. О.ДИМИТРА, (Афины,Греция) методом межвидовой гибридизации при скрещивании европейских сортов со сложными гибридами вида Витис амурензис и гибридов американских видов.
ABSTRACT
In this paper we provide a brief description of 12 new grape varieties are resistant to low temperatures, fungal diseases, tolerant to filloksere.Kotorye bred in institute of Olive, Subtropical Plants and Vine, Vine Athens Departmen, Likovrisi EL.G.O.DIMITRA, (Athens, Greece)t and by interspecific hybridization in crosses of European varieties with complex hybrids of Vitis species and hybrids between amurenzis American species.
Genetic improvement aimed at creating new varieties with complete resistance began when the Europeans arrived in America and started the vine cultivation. When presented with the problem of phylloxera in America, all the vineyards with European varieties affected thereby destroyed. The same disaster faced and harvesters when phylloxera arrived in Europe[1-6,14-18]. For the above reason, and in the two continents, Europe and America started procedures to create new varieties that had the resilience of the American species (phylloxera, mildew, downy mildew, etc.) and the quality of European varieties. The first hybrids (estimated to be over 50,000) which created the researchers: Couderc, Millardet, Ganzin, Castel, Grimaldi, Seibel, Mitshourin and others were highly resistant to phylloxera disease and frost but lacked the expected quality [713]. Then through the multiannual researchers plethora of projects it appeared that the hybridization American resistant varieties and European varieties, selecting the best forms of crosses and re-selecting and crossing the best forms with quality European varieties, new varieties were created with full resistance but "good enough" quality (Vallerien, Rava blanc, Kaskad, Primus, Merbin, Aron, Victor, Aris, Dona Emilia, Dnestrovski aksamit, Golden Muscat, Izobilni, Saperavi severni, Antei, Perventshe Magaratsha, Moldova, Mria etc.).To create new full-strength wine varieties in Athens Vine Institute, made junctions where as 'mothers' selected varieties had American species and species genes East Asian (Vitis amurensis Rupr.): Pervenehtse Magaratsha, Moldova, Saperavi severnikai and others. As 'fathers' quality grape varieties used [7-18].
TROFOS LIZA
The new aromatic white variety "Trofos Lisa" was created by the hybridization of the Athens Institute of
Vine 2003. method originated from the intersection of the variety with American genes, «Pervenetshe Magaratsha» with variety "Samos Muscat". The duration of the deployment eye until the harvest of the variety is 146-155 days. The development of the shoots are big (2,1 - 3,0 m.). The lignification tendril is very high. The percentage of shoots of fruit is over 95%. H production is great, over 3t / ha. The flower is hermaphrodite. The size of the grape is small, with kylindrokoniko shape and a high density. The length of grape is 15 cm., The width of 9 cm. and the average weight is 250 g. The size of the track is small, weight 1,7 g, oval in shape with dimensions 1,8cm x 0,9cm, colored green-yellow with waxy floridness. The number ranges from 1-2 pips per rail. The bark is moderate to high strength thick. The flesh of the grape variety is colorless, with particularly pronounced muscat aroma. The grape sugar content is too high and is more stable acidity for this variety Nurse Lisa indicated for cultivation in southern thermal viticulture areas where there is high acidity problems. The variety "Nurse Lisa" gives very early first production from the two year planting (mode planting cuttings) stumps bloom and give production. This variety can be grown and aftorizi, distinguished by great resistance to cold, drought and fungal diseases compared with other varieties Vitis Vinifera.Gia the above reason indicated for cultivation in very mountainous areas with quite low temperatures. The variety used to produce highly aromatic, superior quality white wines, sparkling wines, aromatic juice and to improve flavors of wine. It is suitable for organic farming, as it has full resilience and sprays required are limited. It can be used in breeding experiments, as a donor of genes which confer resistance.
'TEMETERON' - The new high quality and aroma white wine variety with full resistance to phylloxera, fungal diseases and frost.
The grape variety named 'Temeteron' was created in Athens Institute of grape growing, in Greece by P. Zamanidy in 2005 with crossing the variety Pervenetse Magaratsha which has genes from American wine varieties, with the variety Traminer roze. The duration of the production period is 146-155 days. The bud burst color is light brown. The tip of the young shoot is green colored with a light pink border and with very dense density of prostrate hairs of tip. The growth of the sprout is intense (2.1 - 3.0 m) and so is the lignification (81-95%). The leaf is medium and the color of the upper side of the blade is dark green. The blade is cordate shaped. Number of lobe is 3. General shape of petiole sinus is open. Length of the petiole compared to middle vein is shorter. The fruitful sprout is 95% and more. Crop yields are very high, from 20 to 30 t./ha. The average mass of clusters is 160gr. The flower is hermaphrodite. The bunch is of small size, cylindroconical, big density, green- yellow colored and waxy floridness. The height of bunch is 14 cm and the width is 8 cm. The size of the berry is small, oval shaped (1,6cm x
1,3 cm) and weights 1.4 gr. The number of pips are 2 per berry. The skin of the berry is of medium thickness and has great endurance. The pulp and juice are colorless with an intense unique aroma. Sugar content is very high, more than 24%. The acidity is stable and for that reason the variety is suitable for cultivation in southern thermal viticulture areas with severe acidity problems. The variety Liza has the great advantage of getting quickly into the productive period. From the second year after planting , the vine flourishes and gives bunches. Also it can be planted with the maternal root system without being inoculated. It has a high winter hardiness, drought resistance and full resistance to fungal diseases in comparison with industrial varieties of Vitis vinifera. The variety shows full resistance and its suitable for areas with high altitude and low temperature.
The variety is suitable for making a wide range of white dry wines, sparkling wines, sweet wines and desserts of superior class and juices with a great aroma. Finally, variety Temeteron can be used in experiments of genetic improvement as donor of genes that confer resistance to new varieties.
Pic.2. Grape of Variety <<Temeteron>>
New complex - steady high-grade technical black berry variety of grape - Aleksampelo
New complex-steady black berry technical kind of a grape - "Aleksampelo" is breed in Greece by P.Za-manidi and L.Troshin in 2003 by mating of Firstborn Magaracha with a mixture of blossom dust of Greek black berry sorts of Bakuri and Mavrostifo. Duration of productional phase is 146-155 days. This sort is strong. A degree of ripening of a vine is very high. Productivity is high. The medial mass of racemations is 230 gr. It differs with high winterhardiness, drought resistance
I. \ j
Pic.3-
Professor A. Tourbilin' - The new high quality red wine variety with full resistance to phylloxera, fungal diseases and frost.
The grape variety named 'Professor A. Tourbilin' was created in Athens Institute of grape growing, in Greece by P. Zamanidy in 2007 with crossing the variety Pervenetse Magaratsha which has genes from American wine varieties, with a mixture of the varieties: Bakuri, Xinomavro, Limneona and Thrapsha. The duration of the production period is 146-155 days. The bud burst color is light brown. The tip of the young shoot is ashy colored with wine-red border with very dense density of prostrate hairs of tip. The growth of the sprout is intense (2.1 - 3.0 m) and so is the lignification (81-95%). The leaf is medium and the color of the upper side of the blade is dark green. The blade is round shaped. Number of lobe is 5. General shape of petiole sinus is open. Length of the petiole compared to middle vein is shorter. The fruitful sprout is 95% and more. Every fruitful sprout it has at least 2 to 3 bunches. Crop yields are very high, 30 to 40 t./ha. The average mass of clusters is 300gr. The flower is hermaphrodite. The bunch is of medium size, conical, medium density, blue-black colored and waxy floridness. The height of
and raised sustainability to fungous diseases in comparison with sorts of Vitis vinifera L.; it is tolerant to a phylloxera. A flower is bisexual. A racemation is medial, cylinder-conical, medial denseness. A bacca is medial, roundish, blue - black colour, with a dense wax coating. A peel is tight, strong. Pulp and juice with the expressed high quality flavour. Sugar content of juice of baccas is very high. The crop is maintained on bushes duratingly enough. The sort is designed for production of dry red wines of the excellent quality and also for high-grade dessert and sweet wines; it is applicable for development of highgrade juice and compotes as well.
bunch is 20 cm and the width is 14 cm. Length of peduncle is 5cm. The size of the berry is small, oval shaped (2,1cm x 1,6cm) and weights 2,3 gr. Length of pedicel is 0,8cm. The number of pips ranges from 2-3 per berry. The skin of the berry is of medium thickness and has great endurance. The pulp and juice are colorless with an intense unique aroma. Sugar content is very high, more than 24%. The acidity is stable and for that reason the variety is suitable for cultivation in southern thermal viticulture areas with severe acidity problems. The variety Professor A. Tourbilin has the great advantage of getting quickly into the productive period. From the second year after planting, the vine flourishes and gives bunches. Also it can be planted with the maternal root system without being inoculated. It has a high winter hardiness, drought resistance and full resistance to fungal diseases in comparison with industrial varieties of Vitis vinifera. The variety shows full resistance and its suitable for organic cultivation, because the vines will need only few sprayings with the necessary chemicals for protection.
The variety is suitable for making a wide range of red dry wines of superior class. Finally, the variety Pro-
4. Grape and berries of Variety «Aleksampelo»
fessor A. Tourbilin can be used in experiments of genetic improvement as donor of genes that confer resistance to new varieties.
' ANTHEKTIKO ' - The new high quality and aroma red wine variety with full resistance to phylloxera, fungal diseases and frost.
The grape variety named 'ANTHEKTIKO' was created in Athens Institute of grape growing, in Greece by P. Zamanidy in 2004 with crossing the variety Per-venetse Magaratsha which has genes from American wine varieties, with a mixture of the varieties: Bakuri, Limneona and Thrapsha. The duration of the production period is 146-155 days. The bud burst color is brown and wine-red. The tip of the young shoot is light green colored with wine-red border with light density of prostrate hairs of tip. The growth of the sprout is intense (2.1 - 3.0 m) and so is the lignification (81-95%).The leaf is medium or large size and the color of the upper side of the blade is dark green. The blade is round shaped. Number of lobe is 1. General shape of petiole sinus is very wide open. Length of the petiole compared to middle vein is shorter. The fruitful sprout is 95% and more. Every fruitful sprout it has at least 2 to 3 bunches. Crop yields are very high, 30 - 40 t./ha. The average mass of clusters is 280gr. The flower is hermaphrodite. The bunch is of medium size, conical,
Pic. 5. Grape of Variety <<Professor A. Tourbilin>>
medium density, blue-black colored and waxy florid-ness. The height of bunch is 18 cm and the width is 9 cm. The size of the berry is small, oval shaped (2,2cm x 1,5cm) and weights 2,1 gr. The number of pips ranges from 1-2 per berry. The skin of the berry is of medium thickness and has great endurance. The pulp and juice are colorless with an intense unique aroma. Sugar content is very high, more than 24%. The variety Professor A. Tourbilin has the great advantage of getting quickly into the productive period. From the second year after planting, the vine flourishes and gives bunches. Also it can be planted with the maternal root system without being inoculated. It has a high winter hardiness, drought resistance and full resistance to fungal diseases in comparison with industrial varieties of Vitis vinifera. The variety shows full resistance and its suitable for organic cultivation, because the vines will need only few sprayings with the necessary chemicals for protec-tion.The variety is suitable for making a wide range of red dry wines of superior class. Finally, the variety Anthektiko can be used in experiments of genetic improvement as donor of genes that confer resistance to new varieties.
я - *
Pic.6. Grape of Variety <<Anthektiko>>
'N.AG.RE.F.-3' - The new blue-black with red pulp and juice variety, with full resistance to phylloxera, fungal diseases and frost.
The grape variety named 'N.AG.RE.F.-3 ' was created in Athens Institute of grape growing, in Greece by P. Zamanidy in 2006 with crossing the variety Per-venetse Magaratsha which has genes from American wine varieties, with the blue-black colored with red pulp and juice and full resistance variety Dnestrovski aksamit'. The duration of the production period is 146155 days. The growth of the sprout is intense (2.1 - 3.0 m) and so is the lignification (81-95%). The leaf is medium and the color of the upper side of the blade is dark green. The blade is wedge-shaped. Number of lobe is 3. General shape of petiole sinus is open. Length of the petiole compared to middle vein is larger. The color of the leaf in autumn is purple-red. The fruitful sprout is 95% and more. Every fruitful sprout it has at least 2 to 3 bunches. Crop yields are very high, 30 - 40 t./ha. The average mass of clusters is 260gr. The flower is hermaphrodite. The bunch is of medium size, cylindrocon-ical, medium density, blue-black colored and waxy
floridness. The height of bunch is 18 cm and the width is 7 cm. The size of the berry is small, round shaped with a diameter of 1,2cm and weights 2,1 gr. The number of pips are 3 per berry. The skin of the berry is of medium thickness and has great endurance. The pulp and juice are intensively colored , with an intense unique aroma. Sugar content is very high, more than 24%. The variety N.AG.RE.F.-3 has the great advantage of getting quickly into the productive period. From the second year after planting, the vine flourishes and gives bunches. Also it can be planted with the maternal root system without being inoculated. It has a high winter hardiness, drought resistance and full resistance to fungal diseases in comparison with industrial varieties of Vitis vinifera. The variety shows full resistance and its suitable for organic cultivation, because the vines will need only few sprayings with the necessary chemicals for protection.The variety is suitable for making a wide range of red dry wines of medium class. Finally, the variety N.AG.RE.F.-3 can be used in experiments of genetic improvement as donor of genes that confer resistance to new varieties.
Pic . 7-8 .Grape and berries Variety <<Nagref 3>>
'N.AG.RE.F-4' - The new blue-black colored with red pulp and juice variety, with full resistance to phylloxera, fungal diseases and frost.
The grape variety named 'N.AG.RE.F-4' was created in Athens Institute of grape growing, in Greece by P. Zamanidy in 2005 with crossing the variety Per-venetse Magaratsha which has genes from American wine varieties, with the blue-black colored with red pulp and juice and full resistance variety Izobilni'. The duration of the production period is 146-155 days. The growth of the sprout is intense (2.1 - 3.0 m) and so is the lignification (81-95%). The leaf is medium and the color of the upper side of the blade is dark green. The blade is wedge-shaped. Number of lobe is 5. General shape of petiole sinus is open. Length of the petiole compared to middle vein is shorter. The fruitful sprout is 95% and more. Every fruitful sprout it has at least 2 to 3 bunches. Crop yields are very high, 30 - 40 t./ha. The average mass of clusters is 350gr. The flower is hermaphrodite. The bunch is of medium size, cylindro-
conical with feather, medium density, blue-black colored and waxy floridness. The height of bunch is 18 cm and the width is 7 cm. The size of the berry is small, oval shaped (1,5cm x 1,3cm) and weights 2,3 gr. The number of pips are 3 per berry. The skin of the berry is of medium thickness and has great endurance. The pulp and juice are intensively colored , with an intense unique aroma. Sugar content is very high, more than 24%. The variety N.AG.RE.F -4 has the great advantage of getting quickly into the productive period. From the second year after planting, the vine flourishes and gives bunches. Also it can be planted with the maternal root system without being inoculated. It has a high winter hardiness, drought resistance and full resistance to fungal diseases in comparison with industrial varieties of Vitis vinifera. The variety shows full resistance and its suitable for organic cultivation, because the vines will need only few sprayings with the necessary chemicals for protection.The variety is suitable for making a wide range of red dry wines of medium class. Finally, the variety N.AG.RE.F-4 can be used in experiments of genetic improvement as donor of genes that confer resistance to new varieties.
Pic .9-10. Grape and berries of Variety <<Nagref 4>>
'N.AG.RE.F-5' - The new blue-black colored with red pulp and juice variety, with full resistance to phylloxera, fungal diseases and frost.
The grape variety named 'N.AG.RE.F.-5' was created in Athens Institute of grape growing, in Greece by P. Zamanidy in 2005 with crossing the variety
'Pervenetse Magaratsha' which has genes from American wine varieties, with the blue-black colored with red pulp and juice and full resistance variety 'Mria'. The duration of the production period is 146-155 days. The growth of the sprout is intense (2.1 - 3.0 m) and so is the lignification (81-95%). The leaf is medium and the color of the upper side of the blade is dark green. The
blade is wedge-shaped. Number of lobe is 5. General shape of petiole sinus is open. Length of the petiole compared to middle vein is shorter. The fruitful sprout is 95% and more. Every fruitful sprout it has at least 2 to 3 bunches. Crop yields are very high, 30 - 40 t./ha. The average mass of clusters is 200gr. The flower is hermaphrodite. The bunch is of medium size, cylindi-cal, medium density, blue-black colored and waxy flor-idness. The height of bunch is 16 cm and the width is 6 cm. The size of the berry is small, oval shaped (1,3cm x 1,2cm) and weights 1,1 gr. The number of pips are 2 per berry. The skin of the berry is of medium thickness and has great endurance. The pulp and juice are intensively colored , with an intense unique aroma. Sugar content is very high, more than 24%. The variety
N.AG.RE.F.-5 has the great advantage of getting quickly into the productive period. From the second year after planting, the vine flourishes and gives bunches. Also it can be planted with the maternal root system without being inoculated. It has a high winter hardiness, drought resistance and full resistance to fungal diseases in comparison with industrial varieties of Vitis vinifera. The variety shows full resistance and its suitable for organic cultivation, because the vines will need only few sprayings with the necessary chemicals for protection.The variety is suitable for making a wide range of red dry wines of medium class. Finally, the variety N.AG.RE.F.-5 can be used in experiments of genetic improvement as donor of genes that confer resistance to new varieties.
Pic .11-12. Grape and berries of Variety <<Nagref 5>>
SPARTIATIS_
The new color with red juice and flesh variety "SPARTIATIS" created by the process of hybridization at the Institute of Vine Athens in 2008. It was formed by the intersection of the new Greek variety Athos << >> (Mavrodaphne x Alicant Bushe) with the French variety of < <Merlot >>. Creator of the new variety is dr., Professor P.Zamanidis. The duration of the deployment eye until the harvest of the variety is 146-155 days. The growth of shoots is strong (2,1 - 3,0 m). The lignification tendril is very high. The percentage of shoots of fruit is more than 95% .The output is large, 2-3 t / ha. The flowers are morphologically and physiologically ermafrodita.To size of grape is medium, with a conical shape with feather and moderate density. The length of the grape is 18cm, the width 15cm, length 1cm grape stem and petiole length of berries 0,5cm.To average
weight of grape is 300g. The size of the rail is moderate, spherical shape, diameter 2cm, weight 1.4g, color livid with waxy floridness. The number of pips is 3-4 per rail. The bark is moderate to high strength thick. The flesh and grape variety in color, with a distinctive aroma of the grape sugar content is very high, with a percentage of over 24%. The variety "SPARTIATIS" early gives the first production. By planting cuttings or grafted plants in the second year after planting, the plants bloom and they give grapes. The variety 'SPARTIATIS »by ampelografika and physiological characteristics of varieties classified in group convarie-tas pontica Neqr. This variety has a high resistance to cold, drought and fungal diseases compared to other varieties of Vitis Vinifera. The variety is intended for the production of red, dry, sparkling and sweet wines and juices with a very deep color.
Pic .13 .Grape of variety <<SPARTIATIS>>
VOREIOS
The new table range "Voreios" was created by the method of hybridization in Athens Vine Department of the Institute of Olive and Subtropical Plant Vine of ELGO-Dimitra, 2009. Creator of the new variety is dr., Professor P.Zamanidis.. The variety "Voreios" came from the crossing of the Russian-resistant table variety "Talisman" with pollen mixture of seedless varieties "sultana" and "Perlet" and is a complex hybrid between disparate European, American and far East Asian species.
The duration of the production cycle (the unfolding eye until harvest) is 146-155 days. The growth of the shoots of the variety is strong (2,1 - 3,0 m.). The lignification tendril is very high (95% or more). The
number of grapes on the shoot is from 2.1 to 3.0. H performance variety 'North' is high, more than 2 t / ha. The average weight of the grape is average, 500 g. The flower is hermaphrodite. The size of the grape is medium, conical shape, sparse density. The size of the track is small, elliptical, a yellow-green color, with no seeding. The bark is thin and high strength thick bite moderate vigor. The flesh of the berry is crisp, with special perfume. The grape sugar content is too high. The uvula stafidopoieitai autumn and kept for some time at stumps.he variety "Voreios" for cultivation in northern Greece, where by freezing absent growing seedless table varieties because it contains genes of the species Vi-tis amurensis Rupr, which give it great resistance to frost and fungal diseases.
Pic.14-15. Grape and berries of variety <<Voreios>>
YIANNAKIS_
The variety 'Yiannakis "is a complex hybrid disparate European, American and Far east species. Creator of the new variety is dr., Professor P.Zamanidis.The size of the grape variety 'Giannakis' is medium or large, cone-shaped, medium density. The size of the rail of the variety "Athena" is average, spherical shape, color
black; blue. The bark is thin thick large size antochi.To berry variety 'Yiannakis "is average, oval shape, color prasinou- yellow with waxy anthirotita.O crust is medium thickness with great antochi.I flesh varieties succulent with special aroma.I content of grape sugar in both varieties are very high. The variety 'Yiannakis "has triple use : as edible stafidopoiimeni and for the production of dry white wines.
Pic.16. Grape of variety <<Yiannakis>>
HPEIROTIS
The new variety 'Hpeirotis "created by the method of hybridization in Athens Vine Department of the Institute of Olive and Subtropical Plant Vine of ELGO-Dimitra, 2009 . Creator of the new variety is dr., Professor P.Zamanidis. The variety' Hpeirotis" came from the intersection of Moldovan table, red, high productivity, resistant, variety "Moldovan" with Greek wine grape variety "Academician Krimbas". Native variety form the "Moldovan" was used, which was derived from the intersection of the variety 'Gkouzal Kara "Eurasian origin with the French variety" Villard Blanc "American species containing genes.As a father figure diversity "Academician Krimbas" was used, which was
created at our Institute by crossing varieties "Agiorgi-tiko" and "Muscat of Alexandria". The duration of the production cycle (the unfolding eye until harvest) is 146-155 days. The growth of the shoots of the variety is strong (2,1 - 3,0 m.). The lignification tendril is very high (95% or more). The number of grapes on the shoot is from 2.1 to 3.0. H performance variety 'Hpeirotis "is high, more than 2 t / ha. The average weight of the grape is average, 350 g. The flower is hermaphrodite. The size of the grape is medium, conical shape, sparse density. The size of the track is average, elliptical-shaped, red-colored rose with 2-3 pips. The crust is medium thickness with high strength and moderate wax florid-ness. The flesh of this variety is crisp, with a muscat
flavor. The grape sugar content is too high. The variety 'Hpeirotis "intended for production of red wines of different categories, aromatic raki and dessert edible variety scented Muscat, local consumption. The grapes are
kept in the refrigerator for a long time. The variety 'Hpeirotis "for cultivation in northern Greece, and American species containing genes that give it great resistance to frost and fungal diseases.
Pic . 17-18 .Grape and berries of variety <<Hpeirotis>>
Above was the presentation of 34 new grape varieties, created in Athens Vine Institute, which have genetically high and stable productivity, quality of the product for the production of wines with a high content of biologically active substances.These varieties are suitable for growing in all the winegrowing areas of the country, which produces high quality wines in different categories. Also can be used for the genetic improvement of traditional-indigenous grape varieties. New varieties complement and improve cultivated varieties, while the creation of new vineyards ensure high productivity, extended production period with satisfactory economic performance.The creation of new varieties and the improvement of traditional-indigenous grape varieties is an ongoing effort at the Athens Institute of Vine. Note that the sensitivity of consumers and wine production units for the conservation and utilization of traditional varieties and new grape varieties, creates favorable conditions for the emergence of the tradition of the historical continuity of traditional and new varieties on healthy, quality nutrition and recovery them in local, rural, economic and cultural development programs.Finally, increased solid grape production and processed grape products (wine, raki, juice, syrup, preserves, etc.) will help and serve the country's output lever by the economic crisis resulting in improvement of life of Greek citizens
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РО АСОАТ - НОВЫЙ ВИННЫЙ СОРТ ВИНОГРАДА С ОКРАШЕННОЙ МЯКОТЬЮ И СОКОМ ДАЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ВИН ПРЕВОСХОДНОГО _КААССА_
Д.с.х. н., Заманиди П.К.
^арший научный сотрудник института Маслины, тропических культур и винограда Крити, отдел виноградарства в Ликовриси ЕЛ.Г.О.ДИМИТРА,(Афины,Греция), почётный профессор КубГАУ
(Краснодар, Россия) д.с.х. н., Пасхалидис Х.Д. профессор Технологического института в Каламате, (Каламата, Греция)
Евангелоянис Д.И.
ароном отдела виноградарства в Ликоврис ЕЛ.Г. О.ДИМИТРА, (Афины,Греция)
АННОТАЦИЯ
Целью настоящей работы являлось генетическое улучшение сортов винограда методом гибридизации. В результате скрещивания нового греческого сорта Димитра с украинским сортом Одесский чёрный в 2007 году был получен новый высококачественный винный сорт винограда Ро Асолт. Автор сорта профессор Пантелей Заманиди
Ключевые слова: гибридизация , комбинативная селекция , сорт , гроздь , ягода.
ABCTRACT
The aim of this work was to genetic improvement of grape varieties by hybridization . As a result, crossing the greek varieties of Dimitra with the Ukranian Odesky chorny variety 2007 was obtained new high-quality wine grape Raw Assault . The creator of this new variety is professor P.Zamanidis.
Введение
Выведение методом гибридизации новых высококачественных урожайных, адаптированных к местным условиям, и устойчивых против болезней и вредителей сортов винограда является постоянно актуальной проблемой виноградарства и неизменной для всех стран и всех континентов . Сорт является важным фактором производства и от него в большей мере зависят количество и качество урожая, а также рентабельность производства [1-6].
Многолетние ампелографические исследования генного банка винограда показали на громаднейшее разнообразие темноягодных сортов, однако при этом выявлено, что сортимент винных черноягодных сортов с окрашенной мякотью и соком, дающих интенсивно окрашенные вина, в мире весьма ограничен и представлен в основном сортами Тентюрье, Аликант Буше, Саперави, Одесский чёрный, Мрия, Крымчанин, Рубин Го-лодриги, Академик Ерёмин, Академик Трубилин и др. [1-13].
Интенсивно окрашенные вина содержат биодоступные фенольные соединения и обладают высокой биологической активностью и питательной ценностью. Одним исключительно важным
соединением фенольной природы, содержащимся в красном вине (около 2.0 -2.5 мг в одной бутылке), является ресвератрол, который является природным биостимулятором и мощным ан-тиоксидантом, превосходящим по своей активности бета-каротин в 4-5 раз, витамин Е в 50 раз и витамин С в 20 раз: вместе с другими компонентами вина обладает следующими свойствами: оказывает противоопухолевое, радиопротекторное, противовоспалительное, антибактериальное, антиаллергическое действия, стимулирует сжигание запасов жиров и углеводов; способствует снижению вязкости крови; нормализует уровень холестерина в крови; улучшает память; снижает уровень глюкозы в крови; улучшает остроту зрения; предотвращает преждевременное старение кожи и др. Исследования существующего мирового сортимента показали на острый недостаток сортов, дающих густо окрашенные высококачес твенные вина [1-6].
Целью работы являлся анализ генетического разнообразия черноягодных сортов и их клонов с последующим выведением новых сортов с окрашенной мякотью и соком, способных давать высококачественные густоокрашенные красные вина. Для проведения исследований были при-
