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58Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
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VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 7 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
G'O'ZANI TOMCHILATIB SUG'ORISHDA SUG'ORISH ME'YORI VA
SUG'ORISH MUDDATLARI
K.B. Rustamova
"TIQXMMI" MTU Buxoro tabiiy resurslarni boshqarish instituti
stajyor-o'qituvchisi K.S. Sobirov
"TIQXMMI" MTU Buxoro tabiiy resurslarni boshqarish instituti talabasi
M.M. Najmiddinov "TIQXMMI" MTU Buxoro tabiiy resurslarni boshqarish instituti talabasi
ANNOTATSIYA
Maqolada tajriba va nazorat dalalarida olib borilgan tadqiqotlar bo'yicha olingan natijalar keltirilgan ma'lumotlarga asosan, tajribaning ishlab chiqarish nazoratida vegetatsiya davrida sug'orish 1-3-0 sxemasi bo'yicha g'o'za turt martta sug'orildi, g 'o 'za ekilgach chigit unib chiqqandan to gullaguncha va gullash-hosilga kirish davrilarda katta sug'orish mebyorlari (1170-1240 m3/ga) hisobiga tuproqning mo'ljallangan qatlamida sug'orish oldi namlik darajasi muttasil yuqori bo'lishi tabminlandi, hosil pishib etilish davrida g'o'za sug'orilmadi, mavsumiy sug'orish mebyori 4780 m3/ga ni tashkil qilganligi ko'rsatilgan.
Kalit so'zlar: Yer usti suvlari, sug'orish, g'o'za, hosil pishib etilish davri, vegetatsiya davri.
В статье на основании данных, полученных в результате исследований, проведенных на опытном и контрольном полях, хлопчатник за вегетационный период поливали дважды по схеме орошения 1-3-0 при производственном контроле опыта, после посева, от всхожесть семян к периодам цветения и цветения-уборки, за счет высоких поливных норм (1170-1240 м3/га), обеспечивался постоянный высокий уровень предполивной влажности в предполагаемом слое почвы, а созревание урожая не происходило. орошаемых за период показано, что сезонная оросительная норма составила 4780 м3/га.
Ключевые слова: поверхностные воды, орошение, хлопчатник, период созревания урожая, вегетационный период.
Bugungi kunda dunyoda suv resurslari zaxirasi cheklangan bo'lib, undan oqilona foydalanishni taqoza etmoqda. Yer usti suvlari manbalari zaxirasidan samarali foydalanish maqsadida ko'pgina mamlakatlarda qishloq xo'jaligi ehtiyojlari
АННОТАЦИЯ
KIRISH
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
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VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 7 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
uchun yer osti suvlarini ishlatish darajasi kengayib bormoqda. Hindistonda umumiy sug'oriladigan ekin maydonlarining 66 foizi yer osti suvlari ulushiga to'g'ri keladi.
Saudiya Arabistoni va Livanda yer osti suvlari asosiy ekin maydonlarini sug'orish uchun yagona manba hisoblanadi. Italiyada o'n minglab gektar ekin maydonlari yer osti suvlari bilan sug'oriladi. Shundan kelib chiqib, bugungi kunda nafaqat respublikamizda balki dunyo bo'yicha sug'orish suvlarini tejash dolzarb masalalardan biri hisoblanadi.
MUHOKAMA VA NATIJALAR
Dunyoda qishloq xo'jaligida chuchuk suv taqchilligi sharoitida ekinlarni ilmiy asoslangan sug'orish texnologiyalari va tartiblarini qo'llash, qo'shimcha suv manbasi sifatida kollektor-zovur suvlaridan hamda chiqindi suvlardan foydalanish orqali daryo suvlarini tejash imkoniyati yaratilmoqda. Suv resurslari taqchilligi ekinlar hosildorligi va uning sifatiga o'z ta'sirini sezilarli darajada ko'rsatmoqda. Shu jihatdan, qishloq xo'jaligi ishlab chiqarishida intensiv usullarni, eng avvalo, suv tanqisligida g'o'zaning suv tejovchi texnologiyasini yanada takomillashtirish orqali suv va resurslarni tejaydigan zamonaviy texnologiyalarni takomillashtirishda sug'oriladigan yerlarning meliorativ holatini yaxshilash bo'yicha izlanishlar dolzarb hisoblanadi.
Respublikamizda bugungi kunda qishloq xo'jaligi ekinlarini yetishtirishda tomchilatib, egatga plyonka to'shab va o'qariqlar o'rniga ko'chma egiluvchan quvurlar yordamida sug'orish texnologiyalari keng joriy etilmoqda. Buning natijasida sug'orish suvlari tejalishi, yerlarning meliorativ holati yaxshilanishi, sizot suvlarining sathi yaqin joylashgan maydonlar kamayishi va provardida hosildorlikning oshishiga erishilmoqda.
Nazorat dalasining bir martta beriladigan sug'orish metyori «CHipoletti» suv o'lchagichi yordamida o'lchab borildi. Sug'orish metyorini hisoblashda tuproqning suv-fizik xususiyatini va namlanish chuqurligini hisobga olgan holda belgilangan tuproq namlik qiymatiga ko'ra nazorat dalasining bir marta beriladigan sug'orish metyorini quyidagi Rijov S.N. formulasi bo'yicha aniqlandi.
Nazorat dalalarini sug'orish me'yorlari quyidagi formula bo'yicha aniqlandi.
bu erda: Wchdns - tuproq og'irligiga nisbatan cheklangan dala nam sig'imi, %; Whn - tuproq og'irligiga nisbatan sug'orishdan oldingi haqiqiy namligi, %; J - tuproqning hajmiy og'irligi, g/sm3 ; h - hisobiy qatlam qiymati, m;
m = 100• h • J• (W™c - W^) + K m3 /za
^npc
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, p VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 7
educational, natural and social sciences ISSN 2181-1784
Scientific Journal Impact Factor Q SJIF 2022: 5.947
Advanced Sciences Index Factor ASI Factor = 1.7
k - sug'orishda bug'lanishga sarflangan suv sarfi, m3/ga (hisobiy qatlamda etishmagan namlikning 10 % i).
Tajriba maydonlarida g'o'zani sug'orish ilmiy ish dasturida qabul qilingan tizim asosida amalga oshirildi. Bunda variantlar bo'yicha sug'orish muddatlari va sug'orish me'yorlari tuproq tarkibidagi namlik darajasi asosida aniqlandi. 2-variantda unib-chiqish - gullashgacha bo'lgan fazasida sug'orish me'yorini aniqlashda tuproq namligi 0-50 sm.dagi, gullash - ko'sak tugish fazasidagi sug'orishlar 0-70 sm qatlamdagi, paxta pishish va ochilish fazasida sug'orishlar 70 sm qatlamdagi tuproq namligi bo'yicha aniqlandi.
Tajriba va nazorat dalalarida olib borilgan tadqiqotlar bo'yicha olingan natijalar keltirilgan 4.5.1- jadvaldagi ma'lumotlarga asosan, tajribaning ishlab chiqarish nazoratida vegetatsiya davrida sug'orish 1-3-0 sxemasi bo'yicha g'o'za turt martta sug'orildi, g'o'za ekilgach chigit unib chiqqandan to gullaguncha va gullash-hosilga kirish davrilarda katta sug'orish metyorlari (1170-1240 m3/ga) hisobiga tuproqning mo'ljallangan qatlamida sug'orish oldi namlik darajasi muttasil yuqori bo'lishi tatminlandi, hosil pishib etilish davrida g'o'za sug'orilmadi, mavsumiy sug'orish metyori 4780 m3/ga ni tashkil qildi. Sug'orishlar o'rtasidagi davr 20-23 kunga teng bo'ldi.
1-jadval
G'o'zani sug'orish tartibi
Variant-lar Ko'rsat-kichlar Sug'orishlar, m3/ga Sug'orish sxemasi Mavsumy sug'orish mebyori, m3/ga
1 2 3 4 5 6
V-1 sug'orish muddati 26.06 16.07 05.08 28.08 1-3-0 4780
sug'orish oralig'i 0 21 3
sug'orish mebyori, m3/ga 1240 170 176 1194
V-2 sug'orish muddati 24.06 06.07 19.07 02.08 15.08 27.08 1-5-0 2864
sug'orish oralig' i 2 13 14 13 12
sug'orish mebyori, m3/ga 487 76 462 488 480 471
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 7 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
sug'orishlar
davomiyligi, 548 36 520 550 540 530
soat
1-rasm. Tajriba dalasida g'o 'zani tomchilatib sug'orish.
XULOSA
Buxoro viloyatida g'o'zani tejamkor tomchilatib sug'orish usulini o'rganish maqsadida olib borilgan ilmiy-tadqiqot ishi natijalarini tahlil qilish asosida quyidagi xulosalarga kelish mumkin:
1. G'o'za ekilgan tajriba dalasida vegetatsiya davrining boshida tuproq suv o'tkazuvchanligi 6 soat davomida 960 m3/ga yoki 0,27 mm/min ni tashkil qilib, past bosimli tomchilatib sug'orilgan 2-variantda tuproq vegetatsiya oxiriga borib, tuproqning suv o'tkazuvchanligi 6 soat davomida 736 m3/ga ni yoki 0,21 mm/min ni tashkil qildi va nazorat variantiga nisbatan tuproq suv o'tkazuvchanligi 6 soat davomida 88 m3/ga ni yoki 0,06 mm/min ga ortiq bo'ldi.
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