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21Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
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VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 6 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
CHO'L YAYLOVLARDA LAZERLI TEKISLASH ORQALI CHORVA OZUQABOB EKINLARDAN YUQORI VA SIFATLI HOSIL OLISH
Jurayev A.Q.
TIQXMMI MTU Buxoro tabiiy resurslarni boshqarish instituti dotsenti.
Ro'ziyeva Q.U.
TIQXMMI MTU Buxoro tabiiy resurslarni boshqarish instituti magistranti.
Najmiddinov M.M. TIQXMMI MTU Buxoro tabiiy resurslarni boshqarish instituti talabasi.
ANNOTATSIYA
Maqolada notekis yerlarni lazerli tekislash ishlari orqali yerlarni tekislab, chorva ozuqabob yekin sifatida bedaning EMILIANO navini ekib yuqori hosil olinganligi to 'g'risida keltirilgan.
Kalitso'zlar: Lazerli tekislash, beda, Cho'lyaylov, ozuqa.
The article quotes about the high yield obtained by planting the Beda EMILIANO variety as a cattle-fed crop, flattening the lands by laser leveling works of uneven lands.
Keywords: laser leveling, alfalfa, Desert slope, feed.
Mamlakatimiz ijtimoiy hayotida aholining oziq-ovqat mahsuloti xafsizligini yumshatish aholining bandligini taminlash turmush farovonligini yaxshilashning eng asosiy omillaridan biri o'rmon yer fondi yerlarini va cho'l-yaylov hududlaridan yangi yerlarni o'zlashtirish hamda qishloq xo'jalik ekinlarini yetishtirish orqali hal etish mumkin.Cho'l yaylov yerlaridan samarali resurstejamkor yo'l orqali mahsulot yetishtirish yer maydonini intensiv texnalogiya asosida tekislash yani lazer tekislagich bilan kontur bo'ylab tekisligini taminlash yo'li bilan suv sarfini 30-35 foizga kamaytirish mineral o'g'itlar samaradorligini 25-30 foizga oshirish tuproqning ikkilamchi sho'rlanishini oldini olish hisobidan yerdan foydalanish koefitsentini 98 foizga yetkazish tuproq shamol eroziyasini oldini olish va yildan - yilga tuproq degradatsiyasini oldini olish tiklash va yaxshilash orqali har bir gektar yerdan sifatli yuqori ozuqa ekinlari hosildorligini olish bo'yicha keng ko'lamli ishlar olib borildi.
MUHOKAMA VA NATIJALAR
Yangitdan o'zlashtiriladigan cho'l -yaylovlarda yer maydonlarini nolivoy tekislikda ochib unda hozirgi kunda eng dolzarb bo'lgan lazer tekislagich vositasida
ABSTRACT
KIRISH
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
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VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 6 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
yer yuzasini kontur bo'ylab bir xil tekis holatga keltirib unda sug'oriladigan suvni iqtisod qilish sho'r parcha mavjud bo'lishining oldini olish mineral o'g'itlardan o'simlik to'liq foydalanishiga erishish yoki mineral o'g'itlarning suv orqali sizot suvlariga yuvilib ketishini oldini olish o'simliklarning bir xil holatda o'sib rivojlanishini taminlab cho'l -yaylovlarda ozuqabop ekinlar hosildorligini manitoring qilib yani o'zlashtirilgan tuproqlarning tabiiy unumdorligi va hosildorligini ilmiy izlanishlarda aniqlash.
Buxoro viloyati sharoitida asosan eskitdan sug'orib kelinayotgan yer maydonlarida dehqonchilik ishlari olib borilmoqda. Mavjud sug'oriladigan maydon vohada 405 ming gektar bo'lib shuning asosiy qismini 278 ming gektarini asosiy ekinlar yani paxta 105 ming gektar g'alla 66 ming gektar va beda makkajo'xori sabzavot poliz bog'-chorbog'lar tup plantatsiyalari issiqxonalar hamda 40 ming gektardan oshiqroq aholi tomarqa yerlarini tashkil etadi.
Viloyatimizda Varaxsha Qutchi O'rta -cho'l Qorovul -bozor massivi Olot va boshqa massivlar har bir tuman hududida cho'l-yaylov maydonlari mavjud bo'lib hozirgi kunda ularni har bir tuman 10 ming gektarini o'zlashtirish va 2030 yilgacha tuzilgan konsepsiyaga asosan 278 ming gektar yer o'zlashtirilib ularda dehqonchilik mahsulotlarini yetishtirish rejalashtirilgan. Joriy yilda Viloyatimizning barcha tumanlarida 10 ming gektardan ziyod yangi yerlarni o'zlashtirilsa bu jami viloyat bo'yicha 110 ming gektar yangitdan o'zlashtirishi rejalashtirilib olingan.
Yuqorida bayon qilingan fikrlarni asos sifatida ko'rsatib hozirgi paytgacha mamlakatimizda iqtisodiy inqiroz oqibatlari tasirida qishloq xo'jaligini suv xo'jaligini modernizatsiya qilish cho'l yaylovlarni o'rmon xo'jaligi yer maydonlarini o'zlashtirib mahsulot olish imkoniyati bo'lsada shularni amalga oshirishga imkoniyat cheklangan edi. Ammo yurtboshimizning yangi
Ag'dargichli Yer tekislagichlar ekin ekish oldidan tuproqqa ishlov berish uchun xizmat qiladi; ish organi harakat yo'nalishiga nisbatan bir oz kiya o'rnatilgan bir yoki bir nechta yassi yoki yoysimon ag'dargichlardan iborat. Bular 3 guruhga bo'linadi: yer tekislagich-mola, ekin ekish oldidan tuproqni tekislagich-yoygich va sudratma (volokusha)li Yer tekislagichlar sholi ekish uchun suv bostiriladigan dalalardagi notekisliklar 3 sm, egatdan sug'oriladigan dalalarda 5 sm, sun'iy yomg'irlatib sug'oriladigan dalalarda esa 10 sm dan oshmasligi lozim. Ag'dargichli Yer tekislagichlarning qamrov kengligi 6-8 m. Yer tekislagichmolaning ish organi gidrosilindr yerdamida old tomonga qiyalantirilganda tuproq notekisliklarni kesadi, orqaga qiyalantirilganda esa dala betini bir oz zichlaydi (molalaydi). Tekislagichyumshatkich tishli tirma (borona) bilan qo'shib ishlatiladi, u dala betini
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10 sm chuqurlikda yumashatib, ketidan tekislab ketadi. Lazer nivelirida tekislashning afzalliklari:
• sug'orishga sarflanadigan suv 20-25 foizga tejaladi;
• tuproq sho'rlanishining kamayshiga erishiladi;
• sug'orish vaqti, ishchi kuchi, energiya sarfi kamayadi;
• ekinlar bir tekisda unib chiqadi;
• ekinlar bir xil namlik va oziqa bilan ta'minlanadi;
• bug'doy-paxta hosili gektariga 4-7 s oshadi;
• yuqori hosil fermerlar uchun qo'shimcha daromad man'bai hisoblanadi. Bugungi kun sug'orma dehqonchilik tizimida qishloq xo'jalik ekinlarini yetishtirishdagi suv resurslaridan samarali foydalanish - zahmatkash dehqon va fermerlarimiz faoliyatidagi eng muhim vazifalardan biri hisoblanadi.
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 6 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
1-rasm. Beda urug'ini yekishdan oldin lazerli tekislash ishlari
Agar, bitta fermer 50 gektar maydonga ekin ekadigan bo'lsa va ekinini vegetasiya davrida 4 marta sug'oradigan bo'lsa, yuqoridagi hisob kitoblarga ko'ra har bir gektarga 4000-4800 m3 , umumiy dala maydoniga esa 200000-240000 m3 suv ortiqcha sarf bo'ladi. Shuning uchun yerlarni lazer nivelirida tekislash eng dolzarb masala hisoblanadi.
Yerlarni lazer nivelirida tekislash- dala maydon yuzasidagi eng past va baland joylar farqi 1+3 sm.dan oshmaydigan darajadagi, maxsus jihozli lazer nivelirli qurilmalarda tekislash usuli tushuniladi.
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 6 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
1-Jadval
Bedani balandligiga tuproqqa chuqur ishlov berib hamda lazerli tekislangan va o'g'itlar me'yorining ta'siri (sm)
Variant tartibi Ma'dan o'g'itlarning yillik me'yori 2021
N P2O5 K2O 1 2
Haydash c íuqurligi 28-30 sm
1 50 70 50 62,8 98,1
2 75 120 100 72,6 107,5
Tuproqni haydash c
h bilan 0,0005
huqurligi 15-20 sm bo'lib, lazerli tekislagic: nishablikgacha tekislab va N-75, P2O5-I20, K2O-I00 kg/ga me'yorlarda qo'llanilgan (2) variantda bedani balandligi o'rimlarga mutanosib ravishda 81,7 va 112,5 sm ni tashkil qildi. Bu ko'rsatkichlar nazoratga nisbatan 18,9 va 13,9 sm ga, qolaversa shu me'yorlarda o'g'itlanib tuproq 28-30 sm chuqurlikda haydalgan nazoratga variantga nisbatan esa 9,1 va 5,0 sm yuqori bo'ldi.
mi 'WBifiTi 11¡~~ "i
2-rasm. Bedada o 'tkazilayotgan fenologik kuzatuvlar Xy^üCA^AP
1. Respublikamizda chorvachilikni rivojlantirishda yem-xashak bazasini mustahkamlash, yer unumdorligini va meliorativ holatini yaxshilash birinchi navbatdagi masalalardan biri hisoblanadi. Bu borada shuni aytish kerakki, beda O'zbekistonning sug'oriladigan yerlarida yuqori hosil beradigan ko'p yillik o't o'simlikdir.
2. Beda pichanining hosili 1-yilda 41,8 s/ga ni tashkil qildi. Eng yuqori pichan hosili tuproq 15-20 sm chuqurlikda haydalib hamda lazerli tekislangan yerlarda qo'llanilganda 40,3 s/ga ni va (haydash chuqurligidan) 16,4 s/ga ni tashkil qildi.
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
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VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 6 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
3. Beda ildizini rivojlanishi uchun maqbul sharoit tuproq 15-20 sm da haydalib N-100, P205-120, K2O-100 kg/ga qo'llanilganda kuzatilib, izlanish yili beda ildizining quruq massasi 43,6 s/ga ni, tugunaklar 6,19; kg/ga ni tashkil qilgan holda nazoratdan 22,7 s/ga hamda 3,72 kg/ga ortiqcha bo'ldi.
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VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 6 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
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