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6Амурский зоологический журнал, 2Q23, т. XV, № 3
Amurian Zoological Journal, 2Q23, vol. XV, no. 3
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https://www.doi.org/10.33910/2686-9519-2023-15-3-650-656 http://zoobank.org/References/EEE41A7F-963C-4153-ABF6-751F331C2D01
UDC 595.773.4
Further notes on Asian fauna of Sepedon (Diptera, Sciomyzidae)
N. E. Vikhrev®, M. O. Yanbulat
Zoological Museum of Moscow University, 2 Bolshaya Nikitskaya, 125009, Moscow, Russia
Authors
Nikita E. Vikhrev
E-mail: [email protected]
SPIN: 1266-1140
Scopus Author ID: 32467511100
Maria O. Yanbulat
E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. This work is an update to our previous publication on the Asian fauna of Sepedon (Vikhrev and Yanbulat 2019). It is devoted to the few still unsolved problems. Taxonomic status of Far Eastern population of S. spinipes Scopoli, 1763 without dark frontal spots is raised to the subspecies level (1). S. spangleri Beaver, 1974, described from Central Thailand, is synonymysed with S. senex Wiedemann, 1830 syn. nov. (2). We offer a modified identification key of the Asian Sepedon spp. with some changes and corrections as compared to the one previously published (3).
Copyright: © The Authors (2023). Published by Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia. Open access under CC BY-NC License 4.0.
Keywords: Diptera, Sciomyzidae, Sepedón, new subspecies, new synonym
Заметки по азиатской фауне Sepedon (Diptera, Sciomyzidae)
Н. Е. Вихревн, М. О. Янбулат
Зоологический музей МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова, Большая Никитская ул., д. 2, 125009, г. Москва, Россия
Сведения об авторах Вихрев Никита Евгеньевич E-mail: [email protected] SPIN-код: 1266-1140 Scopus Author ID: 32467511100 Янбулат Мария Олеговна E-mail: [email protected]
Аннотация. Статья является дополнением к нашей предыдущей публикации по азиатской фауне рода Sepedon (Vikhrev and Yanbulat 2019) и посвящена некоторым нерешенным вопросам. Таксономический статус дальневосточной популяции S. spinipes Scopoli, 1763 без черных лобных пятен повышен до уровня подвида (1). Описанный из центрального Таиланда S. spangleri Beaver, 1974 сведен в синоним к S. senex Wiedemann, 1830 syn. nov. (2). Мы предлагаем здесь улучшенный и исправленный по сравнению с ранее опубликованным ключ по азиатским видам Sepedon spp. (3).
Права: © Авторы (2023). Опубликовано Российским государственным педагогическим университетом им. А. И. Герцена. Открытый доступ на
условиях лицензии CC BY-NC 4.0. Ключевые слова: Diptera, Sciomyzidae, Sepedon, новый подвид, синоним
Introduction
In the 21st century, several publications on the Asian fauna of Sepedon Latreille, 1804 appeared, which clarified the taxonomy of this genus. Elberg et al. (2009) described probably the last unknown Asian species. Li & Yang (2017) offered useful illustrations and a complete key for the Chinese fauna which included all but one Asian species. Vikhrev & Yanbulat (2019) expressed their point of view on some taxonomic problems and offered another identification key. This work is devoted to the few still unsolved problems. Taxonomic status of Far Eastern specimens of S. spinipes Scopoli, 1763 without dark frontal spots (shortly discussed in Vikhrev & Yanbulat 2019) is raised to the subspecies level: S. spinipes flavifrons subsp. nov. (1). Dr. W. Murphy kindly provided photos of S. spangleri Beaver, 1974 described from Central Thailand. It is synonymised here with S. senex Wiedemann, 1830 syn. nov. (2) We offer a modified identification key of the Asian Sepedon spp. with some changes and corrections as compared to the one published by Vikhrev & Yanbulat (2019) (3).
Material and methods
Localities are given as follows: country, region (in italics), and geographical coordinates in decimal-degree format. Instead of full names of regions of Russian administrative subdivisions they are listed as a name and the word region (abbreviated as Reg).
The abbreviation for the tarsi as tar followed by a pair of digits separated by a hyphen was proposed by Vikhrev (2011): the first digit (1 to 3) gives the leg number and the second digit (1 to 5) the number of the tarsal segment. For example, tar1-4 = 4-th segment of fore tarsus; tar3-1 = hind basitarsus.
Illustrations are original unless otherwise credited. When referring to figures, to avoid confusion we capitalise the first letter (Fig. or Figs.) for those appearing in this paper and use lowercase (fig. or figs.) for those published elsewhere.
Abbreviations of collections in which specimens that were borrowed for examination during this research are deposited are as follows:
ISEA — Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Novosibirsk, Russia;
USNM — U. S. National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D. C., USA;
ZIN — Zoological Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia;
ZMUM — Zoological Museum of Moscow University, Russia.
Result and discussion
Sepedon spinipes flavifrons, subsp. nov.
Figs 2, 3
https://zoobank.org/References/eee41a7f-963c-4153-abf6-751f331c2d01
Holotype, male, RUSSIA, Khabarovsk near airport, 48.53°N, 135.13°E, 5-7.06.2022, N. Vikhrev & M. Yanbulat, stored in ZMUM.
Figs 1-3. Sepedon spinipes, head: 1 — S. s. spinipes; 2, 3 — S. s. flavifrons subsp. nov. Рис. 1-3. Sepedon spinipes, голова: 1 — S. s. spinipes; 2, 3 — S. s. flavifrons subsp. nov.
Paratypes 14$, 16$: RUSSIA: Amur Reg., Zeya (53.77°N, 127.28°E): 20.06.1978, A. Shatalkin, 1$; 12-14.09.1981, A. Shatalkin, 3$, 7$ (all ZMUM); Khabarovsk Reg.: By-chikha env. (48.30°N, 134.82°E): 16.05.1973, K. Gorodkov, 1$ (ZIN); 25.07.2020,
0. Kosterin, 2$, 1$; 9.08.2020, O. Koste-rin, 1$ (ZMUM); Khabarovsk near airport, 48.53°N, 135.13°E, 5-7.06.2022, N. Vikhrev & M. Yanbulat, 1$ (ZIN); Khabarovsk, suburb, 48.53°N, 135.13°E, 5-7.06.2022, N. Vikhrev, 2$, 2$ (ZMUM and ZIN); Kom-somolsk-Amur, Mylki L., 50.50°N, 136.97°E, 21.06.2022, N. Vikhrev, 1$ (ZMUM); Mayak env., 48.9°N, 136.19°E, 6.06.2022, N. Vikhrev, 1$; 24.06.2022, N. Vikhrev, 1$ (ZMUM); Prymorsky Reg.: Lake Khanka near Platono-Aleksandrovka village, 45.061°N, 131.99°E, 1.08.2020, O. Kosterin, 1$ (ZMUM); Spassk-Dalny (44.6°N, 132.82°E), 20.08.1993, S. Be-lokobylsky, 1$ (ZIN); Yakutia Reg.: 7 km N of Yakokit, 58.95°N, 125.85°E, an oxbow lake, 24-27.06.2022, O. Kosterin, 1$ (ZMUM); Olyokminsk env., Kyachchi (60.35°N, 120.10°E), 20.07.2008, A. Ovchinnikov, 1$ (ZIN); Zabaykalsky Reg., Solontsy env., 51.45°N, 118.85°E, 14.06.2023, V. Zinchenko, 2$ (ISEA).
Distribution. E Asia, where known from 119°E to 136°E and from 60°N to 45°N.
Diagnosis. We found no differences between S. spinipes flavifrons subsp. nov. and the nominotypical S. s. spinipes either in the genitalia structure or in the non-genitalic characters, except for the absence of the dark frontal spots. In S. spinipes flavifrons subsp. nov., parafacial spots under the antennae are present and distinct, but the area of the frontal spots is not black, it is only slightly darker yellow than the surface of the frons around it (compare Fig. 1 and Figs 2, 3).
Discussion. In the field season 2022, we found that all specimens of S. spinipes Scopoli, 1763 from Khabarovsk Region of the Russian Far East had no dark frontal spots. This contradicts the identification key and photo illustrations given in our work on the Asian Sepedon (Vikhrev & Yanbulat 2019: 48-49 and figs
1, 4). This also contradicts the identification
key and photo illustrations given in the work on the Chinese Sepedon (Li & Yang 2017: 303 and figs 68-70). Vikhrev & Yanbulat (2019: 52) shortly mentioned that there are "...several specimens of S. spinipes in which the normally black frontal spots are represented by yellowish stains only". This time we've reexamined our rich material of S. spinipes in ZMUM and ZIN and found a clear geographical trend in distribution of specimens with or without dark frontal spots, the trend permits to regard these specimens as two subspecies. Nominotypical S. spinipes spinipes, with black frontal spots, is distributed from W Europe to Central Yakutia, while S. spinipes flavifrons ssp. nov., without black frontal spots, is distributed from Central Yakutia to the Far East, the border between two subspecies runs at longitudes 119-129°E.
The examined material from the easternmost localities for the nominotypical subspecies was as follows:
Buryatia reg.: Tunka env., 51.7°N, 102.6°E, 750 m, 7-11.06.2021, N. Vikhrev, 3$;
Kyren env., 51.7°N, 102.1°E, 750 m, 1619.06.2021, N. Vikhrev, 2$, 1? (ZMUM);
Irkutsk Reg., Slyudyanka, 51.68°N, 103.69°E, 480 m, 27-29.06.2021, N. Vikhrev, 1? (ZMUM);
Yakutia Reg.: Zhigansk (66.77°N, 123.37°E), 15.08.1973, K. Gorodkov, 1$; Olyokminsk (60.37°N, 120.40°E), 31.08.1988, K. Gorodkov, 7$, 3?; Yakutsk (60.03°N, 129.73°E), 8-25.08.1927, Moskvin, 2$, 1?; Olyokminsk Distr., Biryuk R. near mouth of Melichan R. (60.5°N, 119.4°E), 13-14.07.2008, A. Ovchin-nikov, 1$, 1? (all ZIN).
The above outlined geographical distribution of the subspecies explains why only the subspecies with dark frontal spots was reported for Chinese fauna (Li & Yang 2017): few S. spinipes specimens examined by Chinese colleagues were from Xinjiang (90-100°E) or Shaanxi (105-110°E) provinces, these localities are to the west of line 119-129°E.
The dark frontal spots are used as a diagnostic character; for example, the presence of these spots (together with the structure of the surstyli) distinguishes Sepedon ferruginosa
Fig. 4. Sepedon spangleri, male, general view (photo by W. Murphy) Рис. 4. Sepedon spangleri, самец, общий вид (фото: W. Murphy)
from S. senex. In our opinion, the absence of the dark frontal spots as the only diagnostic character is not enough for description of a new species, but together with a clear distributional trend it is well suitable for a subspecies level. It is also practically useful because the Far Eastern S. spinipes flavifrons subsp. nov. is sympatric with a similar S. neanias, but the absence of frontal spots allows to distinguish these species at the first glance.
Sepedon senex Wiedemann, 1830 Figs 4, 5, 15
Sepedon spangleri Beaver, 1974, syn. nov.
Type material of S. spangleri: Holotype, S: (Thailand), Bangkok, 28.02.1971, P. & P. Beaver (USNM). Other material: (Thailand), Bangkok, 3.12.1973, Yaovamayn, 1S (USNM).
Synonymy. We postponed the decision on validity of S. spangleri until the examination of the type material (Vikhrev & Yanbulat 2019: 47), now it is examined in USNM by Dr. W. Murphy and he has kindly sent us detailed images.
According to Beaver (1974: 88): "Sepedon spangleri is related to S. senex and S. plumbel-la Wiedemann, 1830, differing from those species in its smaller size and lack of distinct
apical infuscation on the hindfemur." Beaver also indicated that S. spangleri differs from S. senex by "the basal abdominal ter-gites smooth [not transversely rugulose] and the 2nd antennal segment more than twice as long as the 3rd..."
Beaver reasonably compares S. spangleri with both S. senex and S. plumbella. The latter two species are closely related, they share the same anchor-shaped surstyli and the absence of the frontal or parafacial spots. However, S. plumbella clearly differs from both S. senex and S. spangleri by modified fore tarsi in males, so S. spanglery should be compared with S. senex. Our objections to Beaver's taxo-nomic decision are listed below.
1. S. senex is smaller than S. plumbella. Specimens of the type series of S. spangleri fit the body length range of S. senex.
2. Indeed, the apex f3 of S. spangleri is only slightly infuscated. We can add that specimens of S. spangleri have a brownish colour of the face, not yellow as is typical for S. senex. However, this colour variabilities are less distinct than that between the dark and yellow forms of the related S. plumbella (Yano 1978: 17); (Vikhrev & Yanbulat 2019: 52 and figs 31, 32). So, the colour
Fig. 5. Sepedon spangleri, male, antenna (photo by W. Murphy) Рис. 5. Sepedon spangleri, самец, антенна (фото: W. Murphy)
variability indicated by Beaver should be regarded as an intraspecific one as well.
3. The transversal rugulosity of abdominal tergites is not an easy object for photographing, but in Murphy's photo of a male of S. spangleri (Fig. 4) it is still distinct that posterior part of tergite 2 is rugulose.
4. In S. spangleri (Fig. 5) and in more than 50 specimens of S. senex in ZMUM and ZIN collections the 2nd antennal segment is more than twice as long as the 3rd one.
Thus, we propose that Sepedon senex Wiede-mann, 1830 = S. spangleri Beaver, 1974, syn. nov.
Key to Palaearctic Sepedon $$
1. Two notopleural setae present. Katatergite with fine black hairs (except S. hecate). Face with a pair of black parafacial spots (in S. sphegea these spots are on a dark background but still distinct) ........... 2
— Only one notopleural seta (posterior) present. Katatergite always bare. Face always without black parafacial spots .......... 5
2. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellowish or brownish. Frons with black frontal spots (brownish on yellow background in S. spinipes flavifrons subsp. nov.). Prescu-tellar dc setae present..................3
— Head, thorax, and abdomen bluish-black. Frontal spots absent. Prescutellar dc setae absent. $: surstyli as in Fig. 13........
.............................. sphegea 2*
2*. Scape of antenna black. NW part of Eurasia ...........sphegea sphegea Fabricius
— Scape of antenna orange. SE part of Eurasia ...........sphegea aenescens Wiedemann
3. Katatergite bare. Body length usually more than 8 mm. Brown to dark-brown species. Orbital spots elongate, touching eye margins or almost so (Fig. 8); frontal ridges
6 ^ ^^ 7 ^^щяяшо?
Figs 6-9. Sepedon, head: 6 — S. s. spinipes, lateral; 7 — S. neanias, lateral; 8 — S. hecate, dorsal; 9 — S. s. spinipes, dorsal
Рис. 6-9. Sepedon, голова: 6 — S. s. spinipes, сбоку; 7 — S. neanias, сбоку; 8 — S. hecate, сверху; 9 — S. s. spinipes, сверху
1
Figs 10-13. Sepedon, postabdomen and surstyli: 10 — S. hecate; 11 — S. spinipes; 12 — S. neanias; 13 — S. sphegea (12 and 13 from Li & Yang 2017)
Рис. 10-13. Sepedon, постабдомен и сурстили: 10 — S. hecate; 11 — S. spinipes; 12 — S. neanias; 13 — S. sphegea (12 и 13 из Li & Yang 2017)
much nearer to eye margins than to mid-frons. (Posterior crossvein m-cu arched.) S: surstyli with stronger sclerotization and
narrowed at apex (Fig. 10) .............
...... hecate Elberg, Knutson & Rozkosny
— Katatergite with several hairs. Body length usually less than 7.5 mm. Yellow or light brown species. Orbital spots rounded and widely separated from eye margins (Figs 1-3, 7, 9); frontal ridges nearer to midfrons
than to eye margins....................4
4. Lower 1/3-1/4 of mid face with several hairs. Posterior crossvein m-cu always straight. Gena distinctly narrower than short axis of the ellipsoid eye (Fig. 7). Dark frontal spots present. (In the Russian Far East S. neanias is sympatric only with the eastern subspecies S. spinipes flavifrons subsp. nov., which has no distinct dark or-
bital spots, in contrast to S. neanias). S: surstyli reduced to a pair of short protrusions (Fig. 12)............neanias Hendel
— Lower 1/3 of face bare. Posterior crossvein m-cu arched. Gena as wide or wider than short axis of the ellipsoid eye (Fig. 6). S: surstyli not reduced, weakly sclerotised, rounded at apex (Fig. 11)......spinipes 4*
4*. Black orbital spots present (Figs 1, 9). Pa-laearctic from W Europe to 120-130°E .................spinipes spinipes Scopoli
— Black orbital spots absent (Figs 2, 3). Pa-laearctic from 120-130°E to Pacific coast ............spinipes flavifrons subsp. nov.
5. Orbital and apical scutellar setae absent, postalar setae weak. Foretarsus modified: tar1-2 to tar1-5 widened; tar1-2 to tar1-4 dark, tar1-5 white; tar2-5 and tar3-5 also whitish, contrasting with adjacent tarso-
Figs 14-17. Sepedon, postabdomen and surstyli: 14 — S. plumbella; 15 — S. senex; 16 — S. ferruginosa; 17 — S. lobifera (from Li & Yang 2017)
Рис. 14-17. Sepedon, постабдомен и сурстили: 14 — S. plumbella; 15 — S. senex; 16 — S. ferruginosa; 17 — S. lobifera (из Li & Yang 2017)_
meres; in female these modifications also present but less distinct. (Frons with a pair of dark teardrop-shaped spots.) surstyli as in Fig. 17..............lobifera Hendel
— Orbital and apical scutellar setae present. Foretarsus not modified as above.......6
6. Frons with a pair of dark triangular spots. Inner surface of basal 1/3 of postpedicel bright yellow. legs unmodified; surstyli subtriangular in caudal view and with a characteristic upwardly directed brush at
apex in lateral view (Fig. 16) ...........
.................ferruginosa Wiedemann
— Frontal spots absent. surstyli appearing as two halves of an anchor, central lobe rounded, lateral lobe sharpened at apices (Figs 14,15)...........................7
7. tar1-1 distinctly twisted and grooved and with elongated curved hairs. Body
length 8-9 mm. Dorsal surface of second visible tergite smooth or rugulose only at
base..............plumbella Wiedemann
— $: tar 1-1 unmodified. ?: Body length 6.5-8 mm. Dorsal surface of second visible tergite entirely or mostly rugulose .......................senex Wiedemann
Acknowledgments
We especially thank William L. Murphy (Fishers, IN, USA) for examination of the specimens of S. spangleri in USNM and kindly providing their photos. We thank Oleg Kosterin (Novosibirsk) for useful discussion and valuable corrections of the text. We thank Olga Ovchinnikova and Galina Suleymanova (Saint Petersburg) for the opportunity to examine the important material in ZIN.
References
Beaver, O. (1974) A new species of Sepedon from Thailand. (Diptera: Sciomyzidae). Proceedings
of the Entomological Society of Washington, vol. 76, no. 1, pp. 86-88. (In English) Elberg, K., Rozkosny, R., Knutson, L. (2009) A review of the Holarctic Sepedonfuscipennis and S. spinipes groups with description of a new species (Diptera: Sciomyzidae). Zootaxa, vol. 2288, no. 1, pp. 5160. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2288.L3 (In English) Li, Z., Yang, D. (2017) Sepedon (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) species from China, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Zootaxa, vol. 4254, no. 3, pp. 301-321. https://www.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4254.3.1 (In English)
Vikhrev, N. (2011) Review of the Palaearctic members of the Lispe tentaculata species-group (Diptera, Muscidae): Revised key, synonymy and notes on ecology. ZooKeys, vol. 84, pp. 59-70. https://doi. org/10.3897/zookeys.84.819 (In English) Vikhrev, N., Yanbulat, M. (2019) Sepedon Latreille, 1804 (Diptera, Sciomyzidae): Review of Asian fauna and notes on taxonomy of Asian and Nearctic species. Dipteron, vol. 35, pp. 42-63. https://www.doi. org/10.5281/zenodo.3252595 (In English) Yano, K. (1978) Faunal and biological studies on the insects of paddy fields in Asia. Part I. Introduction and Sciomyzidae from Asia (Diptera). Esakia, vol. 11, pp. 1-27. (In English)
For citation: Vikhrev, N. E., Yanbulat, M. O. (2023) Further notes on Asian fauna of Sepedon (Diptera, Sciomyzidae). Amurian Zoological Journal, vol. XV, no. 3, pp. 650-656. https://www.doi.org/10.33910/2686-9519-2023-15-3-650-656
Received 29 June 2023; reviewed 20 July 2023; accepted 27 July 2023.
Для цитирования: Вихрев, Н. Е., Янбулат, М. О. (2023) Заметки по азиатской фауне Sepedon (Diptera, Sciomyzidae). Амурский зоологический журнал, т. XV, № 3, с. 650-656. https://www.doi.org/10.33910/2686-9519-2023-15-3-650-656
Получена 29 июня 2023; прошла рецензирование 20 июля 2023; принята 27 июля 2023.
