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out of the horse-shaped wooden puppet, and the Greeks, who have been unable to serve the Trojan for many years, will take trophies in one night. After this historic event, a horse-drawn gift is regarded as a human trick capable of being hostile to human beings. These articles may be familiar to the Greeks or to some European countries, but may be unfamiliar to other nations who do not know what happened. There are various genres that can be found in the origin of proverbs. Here are some examples of proverbs in English:
1. Historical events
All braves lived before Agamemnon (all the survivors lived before Agamemnon). Agamemnon has been in history as a person who has exploited all the powerful people [3].
2. The Bible
An IDLE brain is the Devil's workshop (the untrained brain is the Devil's slot) [3].
3. British realia
MORE people know Tom Fool than Tom Fool knows (Fool's Tom recognizes many others rather than others). One of the most commonly used names in the English language is Tom, which became the symbol of the English language. In the given proverb, exactly the name given to Tom is used for the proverbs, and for the listener to make it clear that this name is not just a historical person, but simply Tom's name, the British realm. In general, the proverbs have two types of features that unify them, depending on their national and global characteristics. The proverbs are not famous for the wisdom of the people, but the long history of the people and no author. All proverbs have their own rhythm, rhyme, and thought.
References
1. Kunin A.B. Course on the contemporary phraseology of the English language. Moscow: High school, 1986. P. 336.
2. Mirzayev T. Dictionnaire of the uzbek proverbs. T., 2012. P. 512.
3. Oxford Concise Dictionary of Proverbs / Simpson J.va Speake J-Oxford University Press, 2003-e-book copyright 2003. 1000 proverbs.
FUNCTIONAL TYPES OF LANGUAGES THROUGHOUT
THE WORLD Saidova N.
Saidova Nigora - Teacher, DEPARTMENT OF THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE 2 UNDER THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, FACULTY 2, UZBEKISTAN STATE WORLD LANGUAGES UNIVERSITY, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: modern linguists distinguish various functional systems of languages: prophetic and apostolic languages, world, international, lingua franca, official and local etc. The very article reveals functional types of languages with their possible characteristics. Keywords: official status, functional types of languages, classical languages, regional or minority languages.
The volume of communication is distributed unevenly between languages. According to the Seattle University in 1995 on the 13 most common in the world's languages are spoken by 75% of the 5 billion of the world's population. These languages include Chinese, English, Hindi, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, Bengali, Portuguese, Malay, Indonesian, Japanese, French, German, and Urdu. In terms of communication excels English. It is spoken in 47 countries, in French language - 26, in Arabic - in 21, followed by further Spanish, Portuguese, and Chinese. When people talk about the volume of use of the language, they mean all uses of it.
World Languages - a language of inter-ethnic and inter-state communication with the status of official and working languages of the UN (Arabic, English, Spanish, Chinese, Russian, French).
International language - a language that is widely used in the international and interethnic dialogue. They have the status of state (official) language in one or several countries, but are not the language of the UN.
Official languages (national) have a legal status of the state language in one country, but this country can be and multinational (such as Hindi, Thai, Georgian).
Regional languages. In the context of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, the term "regional or minority languages" used in respect of those languages, which;
1) are traditionally used in the territory of a State by nationals of that State, form a group, smaller in numbers than the rest of the population of that State; and
2) different from the official language of the State. This term does not apply to the main dialects language and the language of migrants.
Local languages. As a rule, it is unwritten languages, used in an oral, informal communication of multi-ethnic groups, multi-ethnic societies, they carried radio and TV transmission. In elementary school, these languages are used as an auxiliary language for the transition of pupils from the local to the national language.
The prophetic and apostolic languages. Languages, in which for the first time described or recorded, and later canonized a particular religious faith, are called to be prophetic or apostolic languages. Among them, for example: the Vedic language, Hebrew, Sanskrit, Pali, Old Slavonic language. By prophetic language and some languages are still before them religious doctrine was written. This language, have a literary script and literary traditions, such as: wenyan (ancient Chinese language in which the written and canonized writings of Confucius); Ancient Greek and Latin (from the 1st century AD in these languages formed the religious language of Christianity; classical Arabic language was formed during the pre-Islamic poetry, and in the 7th century became the language of the Koran. The prophetic and apostolic languages are the language not only religious sphere but also the secular culture, education and science, literature and law.
The term "classical language" The composition of the classical languages coincides with the composition of the apostolic language, however, the concept "classical language" belongs to the current cultural studies of language, not its history [1: 159]. Characteristic features of the classical language:
1) This is the language in which is created, written and translated texts housing, preserving the traditions of the data, the highest possible cultural value. It can be both secular texts (ancient Greco-Roman literature), and religious texts (the Qur'an);
2) It is the language which has gone beyond the original ethnic team and gained supra-ethnic character;
3) The term "classical language" used for languages, which are no longer works, so the body of the classical language is closed;
4) In contrast to the dead languages, which are studied only for research purposes, the classical languages are not only the subject of research, but also teaching.
References
1. Мечковская Н.Б. Общее языкознание: структурная и социальная типология языков
/ Н.Б. Мечковская. Минск: Амалфея, 2000. 368 с.
2. Shibatani M., Bynon T. Approaches to Language Typology: a Conspectus // Approaches
to Language Typology / Ed. By Masayoshi Shibatani and Theodora Bynon. Oxford:
Clarendon Press-Oxford, 1995.
3. Sweetser E. From Etymology to Pragmatics: Metaphorical and cultural aspects of
semantic structure. - Cambridge. New York. Port Chester. Melbourne. Sydney, 1990.
