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FROM THE HISTORY OF MUQAM "DOLAN" Jilizirehan A.
Jilizirehan Abulaiti - Co-worker, UZBEK NATIONAL CENTER FOR MAQOM ART, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: mukam "Dolan" is widely popular among the Dolan tribe, living in the Uyghur oasis, creating settlements between the banks of the Tarim River and the deserts, engaged in hunting and farming. Dolan mukam is a form of mukam that differs from other mukams in all its melodic features and is the oldest spiritual heritage of the Uyghurs, showing its magical and attractive art. Keywords: mukam, performance, performer, singing, text, sound, part, introduction.
Из истории мукама «Долана» Джилизирехан А.
Джилизирехан Абулаити - Сотрудник, Узбекский национальный центр макомного искусства, г. Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: мукам «долан» широко популярен среди племени долан, проживающего в уйгурском оазисе, создающего поселения между берегами реки Тарим и пустынями, занимающегося охотой и земледелием. Долан мукам - это форма мукама, отличающаяся от других мукамов всеми своими мелодическими особенностями и являющаяся древнейшим духовным наследием уйгуров, показывающим свое магическое и притягательное искусство.
Ключевые слова: мукам, исполнение, исполнитель, пение, текст, звук, часть, вступление.
Uyghur "Dolan muqams" require dance and high-level performance, just like Uzbek "Khorazm muqams". That is, because of its perfection and complexity, it was performed by skilled hafiz. This kind of original performance belongs only to the Dolan tribe, and you will enjoy hearing the Dolan maqams from the most ancient and energetic performers from Makit District, Dolan District, Maralboshi District, and Avat District of Aqsu Region.
This article focuses on one aspect of Uygur history, their performing arts. These include the mukams, long narrative poems, song and dance, and music. It is a subject which up to now has attracted very little attention indeed from Western scholars [1, 29].
Based on historical sources, Sultan Abdurashid Khan was a king with all-round abilities. He was not only the owner of great political and military qualities, but also a famous musician, calligrapher and poet of that time. Abdurashid Khan was peerless in every work, according to the famous historian Muhammed Jurasi during the Rkan Khanate's work titled "Tarikhi Rashidi". The master of scientific music was a musannif (book crusher
Poet and musicologist Mulla Ismatillo Binni Mullah Ne'matullo (pseudonym-Mujiza) from Khotan wrote poems about composers and musicians during the period of the Yarkan khanate, which were commemorated in "Taworihi Muzkiyun" in 1854-1855 had given information.
"Dolan Muqam" in its original full form is called twelve muqam. But the perfect copy that has reached us so far is nine. Among the common ones in Makit district: (each consists of 5 parts). Below are:
1) "Zil bayavan muqam" (or also called "Bash bayavan muqam");
2) "Uzkhal bayavan muqam";
3) "Chul Bayavan muqam" (or also called "Rak Bayavan Maqami");
4) "Uten Bayavan muqam" (or also called "Mushavirek Bayavan Maqami");
5) "Bom bayavan muqam";
6) "Jula muqam";
7) "Sim bayavan muqam";
8) "Khodek bayavan muqam";
9) "Dugamt bayavan muqam".
There are some differences in the naming of Dolan places spread in Maralbeshi district and Avat district. There is a term "Bayavan" in the name of an absolutely large number of Dolan locations. Bayavan means desert heat. It is assumed that the Dolan people who lived in the boston between these desert islands, in many cases, got married facing the desert islands. In this, he explains how the people of Dolan have overcome a very difficult, difficult and terrible way of life in the Bayavan deserts.
The word "head" in "Bosh Bayavan muqam" means the beginning part.
"Zil bayavan muqams a high sound, "Bom bayavan" muqams a low sound, "Sim bayavan muqams" narrow steel wire. "Oten bayavan muqam" means landing, station, stop. This word is definitely related to a certain kind of connection between Bostonians on the Great Silk Road.
Jula in Jula means bright, shining and festive. At this point, happiness is mainly expressed. The intensity of the text matches the solemnity of the ceremony.
If Rak, Nava, Uzkhal, Mushavirek are linear names, they mean the same as the meanings in "Twelve positions".
Khodek in "Khodek bayavan muqam" refers to the twists and turns of these desert bayavans.
Dugamet in "Dugamet Bayavan mukam" means dugoh.
The texts of Dolan muqams are based on folk songs spread in this area, the language is simple, the feelings are sincere, the content of these songs is the environment, production method and lifestyle of the Dolan people, as well as the aesthetic customer behavior and customs of the Dolan people, is closely related to worldviews. Most of his texts consist of seven-syllable verses. Sometimes the number of syllables in each verse may not be equal. Sometimes the seven-syllable verse alternates with the eight-syllable verse, all these belong to the "finger weight" category.
The texts in Dolan Muqam mostly rhyme at the end of the verse, that is, the last syllables of each verse rhyme. In some relatively polysyllabic texts, middle rhymes are also found. There are also cases where some rhyming consonants are "open rhyme". A "dark rhyme" is formed through a vowel followed by a consonant. The basic non-similar rhyme forms are:
1. "Pair rhyme" (form a a b b s s b b);
2. "Three rhymes" (form a a b a);
3. "Ola rhyme" (form a b s d);
4. "Connected rhyme" (form а а а а);
5. "Pronoun rhyme" (form a b a b);
6. "Sacred rhyme" (form e e e b, b b b d, s s s d, a b a b);
Colorful content is reflected in Dolan Muqam texas. For example, it consists of texts that take the expression of love as the main content, statements about the wisdom of life, lamenting about fate, parents, relatives, and historical events as the main content.
Auxiliary words also play an important role in Dolan's sentences. Common auxiliary words are:
1. Words without meaning, or words with consonants and words that do not connect to the tone. For example, "ey, eat, ney, wow, ah, wow";
2. Practical auxiliary words with meaning. For example, the lines "yor, jon, dadey, dust, janim, aman, alla, gulyar, derdim".
3. Words created by combining the above two auxiliary words. For example, "allayey, vaidodey, vaiderdimey, amaney, janimey" series. We all know that auxiliary words play an important role. These words play an important role in the coordination of the relationship between the text and the melody, clarifying the main theme, enriching the content, and intensifying the feeling.
The complete Dolan Muqam, which has unity, is made up of five parts: "Muqeddime", "Chekitme", "Senem", "Seliqe", "Serilme".
1. "Muqadime" is an introductory part of a muqam, it is optional, one person performs it, the others help with auxiliary words. This process requires high volume and skilled technique.
2. "Chekitme" means a point, that is, a pause. During the listening process, you will feel the relaxation after the introduction itself. it is the same dance form that repeats slowly in the same beat.
3. The original meaning of "Senem" means a goddess, a goddess, a mistress, a virtuous girl. One direction of songs and dances spread in El is also called by this name. In this part, the beat gets faster, the dances come alive and everyone forgets themselves in the excitement.
4. "Seliqe" - "sangas", "seliq" means interest, desire, and it is the moment when the musician and the singer reach the highest stage of harmony.
5. "Serilme" means soft, smooth, in the state of "serilme" the mood is full of enthusiasm even more. This is the final stage of our entire maqam, and the "four-part neutral tone" is the final sound in Dolan's maqams.
There are 45 musical tunes in the nine march Dolan maqam. Its 14 tunes form the final sound of "musical tone five". In the rest, turning the "four-part neutral tone" into the final sound is the most vivid, unique and unrepeatable musical tradition of the "Dolans". It takes about two hours to perform the nine-step Dolan muqam.
References / Список литературы 1. Journal "Asian Music". Vol. 16, No.1. Texas. 1985.
