CC BY
30Suleymenova A.B.
Karaganda Buketov University (Kazakhstan, Karaganda)
Yskaknabi A.
senior lecturer Karaganda Buketov University (Kazakhstan, Karaganda)
DIFFICULTIES OF KAZAKH-SPEAKING STUDENTS IN LEARNING CHINESE & DRAWING CONCLUSIONS BY COMPARING THE TWO LANGUAGES
Abstract: at the initial stage of learning Chinese, it is important to master the skills of practical phonetics correctly. This article discusses the main features of the sound system of the Chinese language and the set of the main problems that Kazakh-speaking students face at the initial stage of mastering phonetic competence due to its difference from the sound system of the Kazakh language. The main features of the phonetics of the Chinese language are studied, a comparative analysis of the phonetic systems of the Kazakh and Chinese languages is carried out. The purpose of this comparison is to identify and describe the elements of the phonetic system of the Chinese language, which pose the greatest difficulties for Kazakh-speaking students. The analysis of the mistakes made was carried out on the basis of studying the main aspects of the phonetic system of the Chinese language and comparing it with the phonetic system of the Kazakh language. Numerical words, in which the phenomena ofgrammar and vocabulary manifest themselves, are one of the main grammatical features of the Chinese language. Therefore, numerical words are of great importance in a sentence, and this article shows and justifies the need to teach Chinese. The characteristic features of the phonetic method of teaching and the ways of applying various methods of linguistic analysis in the learning process are analyzed.
y^K 303.4.02
Keywords: Chinese language, hieroglyphs, phonetics, syllable, research, errors, numerical word, term, sticks of Chinese hieroglyphs.
Relations between Kazakhstan and China in the field of economics and politics are currently constantly growing and strengthening. As a result, there is an increasing need to learn Chinese, including for the implementation of high-quality translation activities, the acquisition of practical phonetics skills by a translator is one of the main guarantees of the quality of his work. The process of learning Chinese involves studying four aspects of it: phonetics, vocabulary, grammar and style. By studying these elements, the learner develops the skills of understanding and reproducing oral and written concepts. An important role in the development of practical language skills is played by the depth and correctness of the study of each of the four aspects, that is, the overall level of language proficiency depends on them.
Kazakh-speaking students studying Chinese are experiencing great difficulties, primarily in phonetics and grammar. The main phonetic difference between Chinese and Kazakh is that Chinese uses two, sometimes three vowels in a row in a syllable, whereas Kazakh does not use consecutive vowels in a syllable. Therefore, voicing syllables with some sounds creates difficulties for Kazakh-speaking students. The next reason is that since Chinese is an analytical language, morphological changes may even be absent, in Chinese the word order in a sentence and keywords play a big role. The order of the words in the sentence is also very different compared to the Kazakh language. For such reasons, students cannot correctly arrange the order of the sentence members and make big mistakes. Therefore, for Kazakh-speaking students studying Chinese, it is important to comprehensively and theoretically and practically explain such errors in language use using concrete examples.
The aim of the study is phonetic and grammatical analysis of errors of Kazakh-speaking students studying Chinese related to language skills and identification of the root cause.
The purpose of the study is to study the main features of the phonetics of the Chinese language and the main differences in the phonetics of the Kazakh language
and to consider ways of learning the Chinese language. The study of the sound structure of the Chinese language, the nature, features of individual sounds in it, their explanation in comparison with the sounds of the Kazakh language when studying, as well as the use of phonetic methods and techniques in teaching Chinese.
Speech language skills begin primarily with phonetic sound. Therefore, the study of the Chinese language begins, with the knowledge of the sound system of the Chinese language, the nature and features of individual sounds in it. Kazakh-speaking students studying Chinese first understand the sound features in it, comparing the Kazakh language with sounds. Also of great importance in learning Chinese is the use of the phonetic method. Since the phonetic method teaches students the correct pronunciation of sounds, words and phrases of the Chinese language, and for qualitative assimilation is guided by a comparative study of the articulation of the Kazakh language with Chinese. However, since the Chinese language is not related to the Kazakh language, the differences between the language sounds in these two languages are very noticeable. For example, in Chinese, sounds such as zh, ch, x, j, r are absent in Kazakh, so it cannot be compared. For this, i.e. in order to fully master and master these sounds perfectly, we have to pay more attention to the phonetics of the Chinese language, the nature and specifics of the sounds in it, and other phonetic patterns. Another feature in the phonetics of the Chinese language is that each syllable of a word has a tone that creates a characteristic meaning. This is also a phenomenon that we do not encounter in our native language. Therefore, in order to successfully master this phenomenon in the Chinese language, it is also necessary to pay special attention to the phonetics of the Chinese language.
The analysis is divided into three parts: initial, final and tone, which were the basic unit of phonetics of the Chinese language. The initial denotes the consonant sound before the syllable, and the final-the part after the initial in the syllable, which is formed by a vowel or by giving the vowel and its ending the vowel "n, ng". At the beginning of some syllables, the initial does not come, it is called the zero initial. For example: the initial u,in,ua is called the zero initial. Although the Initial consists of
consonants, some consonants may not be initials. For example: "ng" in the word "shang", as well as "n" in the Kazakh language, is only the last part of the final, united by a vowel. The part after the initial in the syllable is called the final. And tone is a change of sound covering the entire syllable, up and down.
The phonetic features of the Chinese language in comparison with the Kazakh language are as follows:
1. In Chinese, the vast majority of initial consonants are hard consonants. And in consonants in the Kazakh language there are both hard consonants and deaf consonants. Consonants in Kazakh are hard and paired, and in Chinese they are duplicated by initial exclamations, consonants.
2. In Chinese, one hieroglyph is formed through one syllable. We can use two or three vowels in one word in a row, but the consonants do not go in a row. For example, if we consider the word "jump, dance", that is, ^ tiao. Contains only one consonant, three vowels. In Chinese, a syllable consists of three parts: an initial, a final, a tone, and in Kazakh, a syllable consists of two parts: a vowel and a consonant. In Chinese, there are no more than three vowels in a syllable, and in Kazakh-only one. For example:
Bai (H) - white Yao - Medicine Biao - table, clock
3. In Chinese, a syllable ending in a vowel is somewhat larger, consonants, except "n, ng", do not come at the end of a syllable, but only at the beginning of a syllable. And consonants in the Kazakh language go both at the beginning and at the end of a syllable, and even several consonants go side by side, for example:
Baicai cabbage
Bangmang (^ft) help Danxrn (iMJh) worry 39
4. In Chinese, each syllable has a rhythm of sound (tone), which emphasizes the meaning of the word. There are four different tones, that is, each syllable has its own characteristic sound. They are: 1 tone (Ma) the sound is pronounced smoothly, 2 tone ( Ma) the sound rises up, 3 tone (Ma ) the sound falls down and falls back into place, 4 tone (Ma) the sound falls down. Tones in the specifics of the language not only give the function of distinguishing meaning, but also give rhyme and melodic sound in speech. The same syllable, pronounced in different tones, has different meanings. And in the Kazakh language there is no tone, there is an accent in the phonetic formation of the word, but it usually does not reflect the meaning of the word. For example:
There must be a tone in the words of the Chinese language. We can distinguish the meaning of words by changing the syllable up or down in speech. This sign is placed above the main vowel. For example, the words ^ and Pinyin of both mai. However, we can distinguish two words from each other by setting a tone. The word is read in the fourth tone and means "buy". And the word ^ is read in the third tone and, conversely, means the word "sell". Similarly, if we consider the word dongxi. Although the words Dong, xi and dongxi are spelled the same, by the tone we can distinguish that two are two separate words. When the Xi sound is pronounced in the first tone, when it is on its own, then the xi sound is pronounced without a tone if it comes with a Dong and expresses the meaning of "thing, thing". Let's define that the first word dongxi is a phrase denoting the second tone and the concept of "East-West".
5. One of the main grammatical differences between Chinese and Kazakh are digital words. The number of a word in Chinese is a numeral necessarily used to indicate the quantitative amount of substance between a noun. This means that even if there is no digital word in the Kazakh language, this sentence does not lose its
Ma (Ш) Ma (Ц)
Ma (Ш) Ma
grammatical connection. For example, you can say and write one tree. And as for the Chinese language, the noun and the numeral cannot be connected without numeral words.
- wrong.
—^A - right.
6. Errors in the construction of Chinese characters. When drawing a hieroglyph, it is necessary to emphasize the correct outline. Special attention should be paid to the order of the sticks. This means that Chinese characters are from left to right, from top to bottom, when surrounded by hieroglyphs (0 - before surrounding a square, we first write the sign inside, then go and surround it.)
Conclusion. During the phonetic analysis of the Kazakh and Chinese languages , the following conclusions can be drawn: In Chinese, we can compose one hieroglyph with one syllable. A syllable consists of an initial, a final, and a tone consisting of four types. When distinguishing words with the same spellings, tone is of great importance. If we compare the Chinese and Kazakh languages, then in order for the Chinese language to have a syllable, there must be a final in the composition, and in the Kazakh language there must be a vowel sound in the syllable. In Chinese, one syllable necessarily contains more vowels than consonants, and in Kazakh, on the contrary, the number of vowels in one syllable does not exceed one. In Chinese, we can get the meaning through one syllable, and in Kazakh, one syllable cannot give any meaning. To study Chinese grammar, it is necessary first to distinguish the concepts, semantic differences of the terms used in it, and also to bring the translation of phonetic terms into the Kazakh language into a single framework.
REFERENCE:
Ziyadauly B. (2013) Some topical issues in the teaching of Chinese phonetics Huang Borung, Liao Shui (2012) Modern Chinese. Section 1. Beijing: Higher Education Publishing House, 81 p. Sun Dyzhin (2005) Textbook of Chinese grammar.
Kalibekovich T. (2018) Grammar (syntax) of the modern Chinese language. Lushun, Zhankai, Qingshi, ShiZhiaui, LiuXihui, ZuoShandan (2014) A new practical course in Chinese.
LuFubo (1996) Practical grammar of the Chinese language for foreigners. Chihuang, Qingchanglai, Uueshan, Zhanishin (2008) Research on auxiliary words in modern Chinese and teaching Chinese to foreigners.
