CC BY
12FOEIGN POLICY DURING THE REIGN OF KHOREZMSHAH ALOUDDIN Nurmamatov J.K.
Nurmamatov Jasurbek Kuromboy ugli - Student, HISTORY FACULTY, DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY, URGENCH STATE UNIVERSITY, URGENCH, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: this article highlights the main trends of the foreign policy during the reign of one of the most popular rulers of the Khorezmshah Anushtegin's state-Alouddin Muhammad (1200-1220).Khorezmshah Alouddin Muhammad ibn Takash became shah after the death of his father in 1200 and ruled the country until the Mogul invasion (1220). Although Alouddin Muhammad made a serious mistake in the foreign policy at the end of his reign, he conducted a great foreign policy in the early years of his reign and strengthened the power of the Khorezmshahs. Keywords: Khalifa, qorakhitay, guriys, sadr, qorakhoniys.
It is precisely in the time of Alouddin Muhammad that the ancient and powerful rivals of the Khorezm state were defeated. In particular, the Kurdish state, which was able to establish a strong state virtually in all parts of modern Afghanistan, moreover, India's Sindh, Punjab and Banoras; it led to the Seljuks' collapse. The Qorakhitays government was forced to pay the ransom for many years, he pursued a skillful policy with countries such as the Arab Caliphate, one of the most powerful states of the Muslim world at the time, and caused some of them to fall under Khorezm. The struggles that began during the early reign of Alouddin and the insistence of some local governors to help against the Khorezmshakh from the Kurds created opportunity the Kurds to invade Khorezm. The Kurds' army began to prepare to move its troops to northern areas of Khorezm. However, Giyosiddin Guriy (1203) suddenly died, and his brother Shahobiddin Guriy was seated on the throne. Fighting for the throne, which began after the death of Giyosiddin, stopped the movement against Khorezm. Alouddin Muhammad, soon after
recovering himself, began a war against the Kurds, and after the conquest of Herat in 1206, the Kurds state left the scene of the history. All this was just the beginning of the power of the Alouddin Muhammad's state. After the Kurds, the target was the Korakhitays. After his reign, Alouddin Muhammad tried not to sever ties with his opponents until he strengthened his power. For example, in 1203, Alouddin Muhammad conquered Khuroson with the help of the Korakhitays. Conquered Herat and its vicinity, and in 1207 he returned to his capital and began preparing for the conquest of Movarounnahr.
Earlier this year, Alouddin began a military campaign against Movarounnahr. The reason was a people's rebellion in Bukhara. Bukhara's sadr (a political level) seeked help from the Korakhitays. However, Khorezmshah Alouddin Muhammad moved ahead of the Korakhitays and invaded Bukhara, and thus began the incorporation of Movarounnahr into Khorezm. After this event the people of Movarounnahr met Khorezmshah as a rescue force from the Korakhitays' oppression. Muhammad Khorezmshoh succeeded in establishing a friendly relationship with Usman, the governor of Samarkand (from the Karakhaniy dynasty), the server of the Qorakhitays. When the Qorakhitays learned of the event, they invaded Samarkand and occupied the city. But this process did not last long. This was due to the fact that the Naiman tribesmen of the Mongol tribes invaded the Qorakhitays' land of the Yettisu. That is why the Qorakhitays have to hurry back. Taking advantage of this situation, Khorezmshah occupied Samarkand and marched against the Qorakhitays. The first battle of Muhammad Khorezmshah against the Qorakhitays ended in 1207 with failure. The failure of the war made the Qorakhitays more active, and they began to do what they pleased in Khorezm. Feding up with situation, Alouddin Muhammad put the ambassador of the Qorakhitays (who came for gathering taxes) to death and enter into a decisive battle with the Qorakhitays in 1209. Khorezm's forces defeated the Qorakhitays' army in the Talas Valley in 1210. As a result of this victory Muhammad Khorezmshoh's situation became much stronger.Movarounnahr was completely subdued by
Khorezmshah, and faithful men are appointed as governors everywhere. The victory over the Korakhitays' was described as a "great victory" for Muslims against "non-Muslims", and according to the Sultan's decree, special pronouncements were distributed throughout the Muslim world. Inspired by this victory, Sultan Muhammad Khorezmshoh received the title of "Iskandari Soni" and "Sultan Sanjar", imitating the great Sultan of the Seljuk. He ordered the state seal to be written "zil Allohi fil ard" (the shade of Allah in the earth). Thus, the defeat of the Korakhitays would further increase Khorezm's power and Alouddin Muhammad would become a powerful, unrestrained global ruler. This power, in turn, made Muhammed Khorezmshah a disastrous end, and this process had a negative effect on the future of the Khorezmshah's state. However, the bloddy pages of Khorezm history also began in his reign.
References
1. Shamsutdinov R, Karimov Sh. The History of Motherland, Tashkent, 2010.
2. Masharipov K. Jaloliddin Manguberdi is a great patriotic colonel. Tashkent. 2019.
3. Bunyodov Z. Anushtegin - Khorezmshakhs' state. Tashkent, 2012.
