CC BY
11Новости систематики высших растений Novitates Systematicae Plantarum Vascutarium
2020
51:113-117
ISSN 0568-5443 (print) ISSN 2687-1564 (onLine)
Флористические находки
Floritic records
First record of Corynephorus canescens (Poaceae) in the Leningrad Region and its status in Northwestern Russia
Первая находка Corynephorus canescens (Poaceae) в Ленинградской области и статус вида на Северо-Западе России
A. V. Leostrin
Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Professora Popova Str., 2, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia aleostrin@binran.ru
https://doi.org/10.31111/novitates/2020.51.113
А. В. Леострин
Ботанический институт им. В. Л. Комарова РАН
ул. Профессора Попова, 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197376, Россия
aleostrin@binran.ru
Abstract. Corynephorus canescens (L.) P. Beauv. is a perennial grass of European origin, having a limited distribution in Russia. Previously, it was reliably reported from five administrative regions (i. e. the Bryansk, Kaliningrad, Moscow, Pskov and Smolensk Regions). In this article, I present the first record of C. canescens in the Leningrad Region (Northwestern Russia). The local population of the species was found in a natural habitat, a dry pine forest. This is the northernmost known locality of the species in Russia so far. The residence status of C. canescens in Northwestern Russia is briefly discussed.
Keywords: vascular flora, native plants, alien plants, Poaceae, phytogeography, spread, Northwestern Russia.
Аннотация. Corynephorus canescens (L.) P. Beauv. — европейский вид, ограниченно распространенный на западе России. Ранее он был достоверно известен из пяти регионов (Брянская, Калининградская, Московская, Псковская и Смоленская области). В статье представлены данные о первой находке C. canescens в Ленинградской области. Локальная популяция вида была обнаружена в естественном местообитании (сосняке лишайниковом). Новое местонахождение вида оказалось самым северным из известных в России. Обсуждается возможный статус вида на Северо-Западе России.
Ключевые слова: флора, аборигенные растения, адвентивные растения, Poaceae, география растений, распространение, Северо-Запад России.
Floristic studies in the Leningrad Region have a long history and have resulted in numerous profound works, making this area the most studied region within Northwestern Russia so far1. During last two decades, the vascular flora of the Leningrad Region, both native and alien, has been assessed twice (Tzvelev, 2000; Illustrated..., 2006). Since then, a number of works have reported new data on vascular plants of the Leningrad Region (e. g. Doronina, Uotila, 2007; Glazkova, 2010; Konech-naya et al., 2012; Doronina, 2016; Glazkova, 2018; Leostrin et al., 2018; etc.). They mainly presented records of neophyte species, while findings of native species new to the region were reported much rarer. In this study, I present the first record of a remarkable plant species, Corynephorus canescens, recently found in the Leningrad Region and discuss its possible residence status.
1 North-West European Russia according to Euro+Med (2006-2020).
Material and methods
In 2018, during a field trip in the southern part of the Leningrad Region (Luga District), a local population of C. canescens was recorded. Later on, in 2020, I repeated field observations in this place. Voucher specimens of C. canescens are deposited in the herbarium collection of the Komarov Botanical Institute (LE).
Current distribution of C. canescens in European Russia was assessed by reviewing a number of major works on vascular plants (Hulten, Fries, 1986; Alexeyev, 2014; Tzvelev, Probatova, 2019) and by using open sources, i. e. GBIF (Corynephorus.., 2019) and Moscow Digital Herbarium (Seregin, 2020). The nomenclature of all the vascular plant species mentioned below follows Tzvelev (2000).
Поступила в редакцию | Submitted: 19.10.2020
Принята к публикации | Accepted: 06.11.2020
Results and discussion
Corynephorus canescens (L.) P. Beauv. (= Aira canescens L) (Poaceae) is a perennial tussock diploid grass. The species is widespread in Central and Western Europe, it also occurs in Great Britain, Scandinavia and Northern Africa. In Eastern Europe, the distribution of C. canescens is quite limited; the easternmost localities are known from the Baltic States, Ukraine, Belarus and Western European Russia, with some localities considered of alien origin. As a neophyte species, C. canescens was also reported from the USA and Canada (see Hulten, Fries, 1986; Corynephorus..., 2019 for overall geographic range).
In Russia, C. canescens occurs in the west of its European part only, being reliably reported from five regions (the Bryansk, Kaliningrad, Moscow, Pskov and Smolensk Regions). In the Kaliningrad Region, the species is native and quite common (Gubareva et al., 1999). In the Bryansk Region, C. canescens occurs mostly in its western part, where is also considered native, although some localities are probably of alien origin (Bosek, 1975). In the Moscow Region and the Smolensk Region, it is known from a few localities (Mayorov et al., 2012; Alexeyev, 2014; Kuzmenko, 2017), being considered either alien or with unclear status. I found no publications reported the presence of C. canescens in the Volgograd Region, mentioned by Tzvelev and Probatova (2019).
In Northwestern Russia, the species was previously known from a single locality in the Pskov Region, in Velikiye Luki District near the Borisogleb village (Min-yaev, 1970; Tzvelev, 2000), where it was recorded for the first time in 1966. The presence of C. canescens in this locality was confirmed in 2016 (Efimov et al., 2017; Efi-mov, Konechnaya, 2018). Thus, a newly found colony of C. canescens is the first occurrence of the species in the Leningrad Region, and the second one in Northwestern Russia. Moreover, this locality is the northernmost in Russia so far. It is ca. 180-230 km east from known localities in Estonia (Corynephorus.., 2019) and ca. 300 km north from the locality in the Pskov Region.
Voucher specimens. Leningrad Region, Luga District, W of Luga town, near small lake, dry pine forest, on sands along the road, N 58.72833°, E 29.77519°, 29 VI 2018, A. V. Leostrin (LE 01071948, LE 01071949); same place, N 58.72829°, E 29.77535°, 20 VI 2020, A. V. Leostrin (LE 01071950, LE 01071951).
In Europe, C. canescens prefers open vegetation on acidic nutrient-poor sands and is native to dry grasslands and dry pine forests; it is also common in coastal vegetation (so called "grey dunes"). It is known as a pioneer species, thriving in sandy sites with moderate
soil disturbance (Tschope, Tielborger, 2010). In Russia, C. canescens was mostly reported from open dry pine forests or dry grasslands; in the Kaliningrad Region, it occurs in coastal dune vegetation. In the Bryansk Region, C. canescens was reported as dominant species in pioneer vegetation of pine forest edges and dry grasslands (Semenishchenkov, 2018). In the Pskov Region, P. G. Efimov and G. Yu. Konechnaya (pers. comm.) observed C. canescens in pine forest edges and pioneer grasslands on sands.
In the Leningrad Region, the observed habitat of C. canescens was an open dry pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest, where the species was growing mostly in forest edges and along the roads on bare sand. In the forest, there were a few shrubs in the understory (Frangula al-nus Mill., Juniperus communis L. and Sorbus aucuparia L.), and a ground layer was dominated by terricolous lichens (Cladonia spp. and Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach.). In a poor herb layer, Avenella flexuosa (L.) Drejer and Festuca ovina L. were the most abundant. Other accompanying species were Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng., Carex ericetorum Poll., Convallaria majalis L., Jasione montana L., Koeleria glauca (Spreng.) DC., Lu-zulapilosa (L.) Willd., Melampyrumpratense L., Pilosella officinarum F. Schultz et Sch. Bip., Solidago virgaurea L., and Trommsdorffia maculata (L.) Bernh. In the study site, I also observed Dianthus arenarius L., which is legally protected in the region (Krasnaya..., 2018); nearby, there were also several protected species (Gypsophila fastigi-ata L., Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill., and P. pratensis (L.) Mill.). There were no alien plant species in the place.
The population of C. canescens stretched along the forest road for ca. 0.5 km. In total, I observed ca. 100-200 generative individuals and numerous young plants. C. canescens was most abundant along the road edges on bare sand and in places dominated by lichens or with scarce vegetation. On 29 June 2018, the plants were in the beginning of flowering; on 20 June 2020, the plants were at earlier stage of development, forming their inflorescences (Fig.). The presence of numerous individuals at different ontogenetic stages indicates that the population of C. canescens is in favourable conditions there.
In the territories close to northern and eastern limits of the native range of C. canescens, the residence status of the species might be ambiguous. Thus, in the Baltic countries the species is considered to be native to Lithuania and Latvia, while in Estonia it is treated as alien (Krall et al., 2003). Localities from Finland were considered as alien too (Hulten, Fries, 1986).
In Russia, C. canescens is considered native to the Kaliningrad Region and the Bryansk Region, while the status of the other known occurrences is unclear.
Fig. Corynephorus canescens in the study site (Leningrad Region, Luga District, W of Luga town). A — plants forming their inflorescences, 20 VI 2020; B — upper part of a flowering plant, 29 VI 2018. Photos by the author.
The first reliable records in the Moscow Region, the Smolensk Region and the Pskov Region were made between 1952 and 1974, with no solid data of previous findings. Novikov and Oktyabreva (1976) supposed that localities of C. canescens known from the Moscow Region, the easternmost in Russia, were probably of alien origin. At the same time, Bosek (1975) reported the increase of the number of C. canescens occurrences in the Bryansk Region. These facts might either indicate that the populations of C. canescens in these regions were of alien origin or testify the expansion of its native range not mediated by human.
Previously, C. canescens was considered as a species native to Northwestern Russia. Thus, Minyaev (1970) and Tzvelev (2000) undoubtedly treated it as native by suggesting that it deserves legal protection; and since 2014, it was included in the "Red Data Book of Pskov Region" (Krasnaya..., 2014). Kamelin (2017) also proposed C. canescens to be native to Northwestern Russia, and consider it as a member of the group of xerothermic plants of pine forests, together with Dianthusfisheri Spreng. and Pulsatilla vulgaris Mill.
Although it is possible that the species is native to the Leningrad Region and was missed by numerous previous observers, it is more likely a newcomer in this place, similarly to other localities along its northeast distributional limit in Russia, Estonia and Finland. Taking into account the proximity of the newly discovered population to the town of Luga and the presence of forest roads just within the locality, it is easy to believe that the species might have been unintentionally introduced to this site by human. On the other hand, it is also probable that this is a rare case of native species expansion. Nonetheless, the vascular flora of the Leningrad Region has a new peculiar resident.
Thus, in Northwestern Russia, C. canescens is currently presented in two localities, and should be considered as a species with unclear residence status. In the Pskov Region, the species is protected by law (Krasnaya., 2014), though in the Leningrad Region the need of legal protection for this species is disputable. Hopefully, further studies will shed more light on the distribution and status of C. canescens in Northwestern Russia.
Acknowledgements
I thank I. A. Sorokina, G. Yu. Konechnaya and P. G. Efimov for their valuable comments on the status of Corynephorus canescens in Northwestern Russia. G. Yu. Konechnaya and P. G. Efimov kindly provided information on the population of C. canescens in Pskov Region. The study was carried out in the framework of the institutional research project of the Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (АААА-А19-119031290052-1).
References
Alexeyev Yu. E. 2014. Sem. Gramineae Juss. — Zlaki [Fam. Gramineae Juss. — Grasses] // Flora of Middle belt of the European Russia. Moscow: KMK Scientific Press. P. 509568. [In Russian] (Алексеев Ю. Е. 2014. Сем. Gramineae Juss. — Злаки // Флора средней полосы европейской части России. М.: Т-во науч. изд. КМК. С. 509-568). Bosek P. Z. 1975. Rasteniya Bryanskoi oblasti [Plants of the Bryansk Region]. Bryansk. 464 p. [In Russian] (Босек П. З. 1975. Растения Брянской области. Брянск. 464 с.). Corynephorus canescens P. Beauv. 2019 // GBIF Secretariat. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy: Checklist dataset. https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei (Accessed 13.10.2020). Doronina A. Yu. 2016. Saxífraga nivalis L. (Saxifragaceae), a new species to the flora of the Leningrad Region // Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. Vol. 47. P. 119-121. [In Russian with English abstract] (Доронина А. Ю. 2016. Saxifraga nivalis L. (Saxifragaceae) — новый вид для флоры Ленинградской области // Новости сист. высш. раст. Т. 47. С. 119-121). Doronina A. Yu., Uotila P. 2007. Supplement to the flora of North-West Region of European Russia based upon data of the Finnish herbaria // Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. Vol. 112, № 3. P. 58-61. [In Russian] (Доронина А. Ю., Уотила П. 2007. Дополнения к флоре Северо-Запада европейской части России по данным финских гербариев // Бюл. МОИП. Отд. биол. Т. 112, вып. 3. С. 58-61). Efimov P. G., Konechnaya G. Yu. 2018. The conspectus of the vascular flora of Pskov Region. Moscow: KMK Scientific Press. 471 p. [In Russian with English abstract] (Ефимов П. Г., Конечная Г. Ю. 2018. Конспект флоры Псковской области. М.: Т-во науч. изд. КМК. 471 с.). Efimov P. G., Konechnaya G. Yu., Medvedev V. M., Kuropat-kin V. V., Sudnitsyna D. N. 2017. New species and localities of rare species to the flora of Pskov Region // Bot. Zhurn. Vol. 102, № 2. P. 214-222. [In Russian with English abstract] (Ефимов П. Г., Конечная Г. Ю., Медведев В. М., Куропаткин В. В., Судницына Д. Н. 2017. Новые виды и новые местонахождения редких видов флоры Псковской области // Бот. журн. Т. 102, № 2. С. 214-222). Euro+Med. 2006-2020. Euro+Med PlantBase — the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/ (Accessed
12.10.2020).
Glazkova E. A. 2010. Vascular plant species new and rare to the North-Western Russia // Bot. Zhurn. Vol. 95, № 10.
P. 1491-1493. [In Russian with English abstract] (Глаз-кова Е. А. 2010. Новые и редкие для Северо-Западной России виды сосудистых растений // Бот. журн. Т. 95, № 10. С. 1491-1493).
Glazkova E. A. 2018. Records of new and rare vascular plant species in Saint Petersburg and Leningrad Region // Bot. Zhurn. Vol. 103, № 12. P. 1588-1594. [In Russian with English abstract] (Глазкова Е. А. 2018. Находки новых и редких видов сосудистых растений в Санкт-Петербурге и Ленинградской области // Бот. журн. Т. 103. № 12. С. 1588-1594).
https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006813618120062
Gubareva I. Yu., Dedkov V. P., Napreenko M. G., Petro-va N. G., Sokolov A. A. 1999. Konspekt sosudistykh ras-tenii Kaliningradskoi oblasti: Spravochnoye posobiye [Check-list of vascular plants of the Kaliningrad Region: a reference book]. Kaliningrad: Kaliningrad University. 107 p. [In Russian] (Губарева И. Ю., Дедков В. П., На-преенко М. Г., Петрова Н. Г., Соколов А. А. 1999. Конспект сосудистых растений Калининградской области: Справочное пособие. Калининград: Калининградский ун-т. 107 с.).
Hulten E., Fries M. 1986. Atlas of North European vascular plants, north of the Tropic of Cancer. Vol. 1-3. Konigstein: Koeltz Scientific Books. 1172 p.
Illustrated manual of the plants of the Leningrad Region. 2006 / A. L. Budantsev, G. P. Yakovlev (eds.). Moscow: KMK Scientific Press. 799 p. [In Russian] (Иллюстрированный определитель растений Ленинградской области / под ред. А. Л. Буданцева и Г. П. Яковлева. 2006. М.: Т-во науч. изд. КМК. 799 с.).
Kamelin R. V. 2017. Flora Severa Evropeiskoi Rossii [Flora of the North of European Russia]. St. Petersburg: VVM. 241 p. [In Russian] (Камелин Р. В. 2017. Флора Севера Европейской России (в сравнении с близлежащими территориями): Учеб. пособие. СПб.: ВВМ. 241 с.).
Konechnaya G. Yu., Efimov P. G., Tzvelev N. N., Smagin V. A., Krupkina L. I. 2012. New records of rare vascular plants in North-West European Russia // Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. Vol. 117, № 3. P. 64-70. [In Russian] (Конечная Г. Ю., Ефимов П. Г., Цвелёв Н. Н., Сма-гин В. А., Крупкина Л. И. 2012. Новые находки редких видов сосудистых растений на Северо-Западе Европейской России // Бюл. МОИП. Отд. биол. Т. 117, вып. 3. С. 64-70).
Krall H., Tabaka L., Kiziene B. 2003. Genus Corynephorus Beauv. // Flora of the Baltic countries, Compendium of vascular plants / eds. V. Kuusk, L. Tabaka, R. Jankeviciene. Vol. 3. Tartu. P. 277. [In Russian and English] (Кралль Х., Табака Л., Кизене Б. 2003. Род Corynephorus Beauv. // Флора Балтийских республик, сводка сосудистых растений / ред. В. Кууск, Л. Табака, Р. Янкавичене. Т. 3. Тарту. С. 277).
Krasnaya kniga Leningradskoi oblasti: Obyekty rastitelnogo mira [Red Data Book of the Leningrad Region: Objects of plant world]. 2018. St. Petersburg. 848 p. [In Russian] (Красная книга Ленинградской области: Объекты растительного мира. 2018. СПб. 848 с.).
Krasnaya kniga Pskovskoi oblasti [Red Data Book of the Pskov Region]. 2014. Pskov. 544 p. [In Russian] (Красная книга Псковской области. 2014. Псков. 544 с.).
Kuzmenko A. A. 2017. Psammophyte grassy vegetation of the Smolensk-Moscow Upland // Bulletin of Bryansk Department of Russian Botanical Society. Vol. 10, № 2. P. 26-33. [In Russian with English abstract] (Кузьменко А. А. 2017. Псаммофитная травяная растительность Смоленско-Московской возвышенности // Бюллетень Брянского отделения Русского ботанического общества. Т. 10, № 2. С. 26-33).
Leostrin A. V., Efimova A. A., Konechnaya G. Yu., Philippov D. A., Melnikov D. G. 2018. Additions to the flora of European Russia // Transactions of Karelian Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences. Ser. Biogeography. № 8. P. 15-25. [In Russian with English abstract] (Ле-острин А. В., Ефимова А. А., Конечная Г. Ю., Филиппов Д. А., Мельников Д. Г. 2018. Дополнения к флоре европейской части России // Труды Карельского научного центра РАН. Сер. Биогеография. № 8. С. 15-25). https://doi.org/10.17076/bg741
Mayorov S. R., Bochkin V. D., Nasimovich Yu. A., Shcherba-kov A. V. 2012. Adventivnaya flora Moskvy i Moskovskoi oblasti [Alien flora of Moscow and the Moscow Region]. Moscow: KMK Scientific Press. 412 p. [In Russian] (Майоров С. Р., Бочкин В. Д., Насимович Ю. А., Щербаков А. В. 2012. Адвентивная флора Москвы и Московской области. М.: Т-во науч. изд. КМК. 412 с.).
Minyaev N. A. 1970. Sem. Gramineae Juss. — Zlaki [Fam. Gramineae Juss. — Grasses] // Konspekt flory Pskovskoi oblasti [The conspectus of the vascular flora of the Pskov Region] Leningrad: Leningrad Univ. P. 27-41. [In Russian] (Миняев Н. А. 1970. Сем. Gramineae Juss. — Злаки //
Конспект флоры Псковской области. Л.: Изд-во Ле-нингр. ун-та. С. 27-41).
Novikov V. S., Oktyabreva N. B. 1976. On a new finding of Corynephorus canescens (L.) Beauv. in the Moscow Oblast // Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. Vol. 81, № 5. P. 117-119. [In Russian] (Новиков В. С., Октябре-ва Н. Б. 1976. Бюл. МОИП. Отд. биол. Т. 81, вып. 5. С. 117-119).
Semenishchenkov Yu. A. 2018. Botaniko-geograficheskoye raionirovaniye rossiiskoi chasti dneprovskogo basseina [Botanical and geographical zonation of Russian part of the Dnieper basin]. Bryansk: RIO BGU. 60 p. [In Russian] (Семенищенков Ю. А. 2018. Ботанико-географическое районирование российской части днепровского бассейна. Брянск: РИО БГУ. 60 с.).
Seregin A. P. (ed.). 2020. Moscow Digital Herbarium: Electronic resource. Moscow State University, Moscow https://plant.depo.msu.ru/ (Accessed 13.10.2020).
Tschope O., Tielborger K. 2010. The role of successional stage and small-scale disturbance for establishment of pioneer grass Corynephorus canescens // Applied Vegetation Science. Vol. 13. P. 326-335.
Tzvelev N. N. 2000. Manual of the vascular plants of NorthWest Russia (Leningrad, Pskov and Novgorod Provinces)]. St. Petersburg: Chemical-Pharmaceutical Academy. 781 p. [In Russian] (Цвелёв Н. Н. 2000. Определитель сосудистых растений Северо-Западной России (Ленинградская, Псковская и Новгородская области). СПб.: Изд-во С.-Петерб. хим.-фарм. акад. 781 с.).
Tzvelev N. N., Probatova N. S. 2019. Grasses of Russia. Moscow: KMK Scientific Press. 646 p. [In Russian with English abstract] (Цвелёв Н. Н., Пробатова Н. С. 2019. Злаки России. М.: Т-во науч. изд. КМК. 646 с.).
