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cheese (85% of accuracy/true match on the upper jaw) and the upper arm (65% of accuracy/true match on the upper jaw and 70% of accuracy/true match on the lower jaw) bite marks are much more accurate than the bites marks on apple, cucumber and acetate material. We are in the opinion that experimental studies on bite marks have an important contribution to the forensic sciences and crime investigations, and future studies are needed.
Key words: forensic anthropology, forensic dentistry, bite marks, Turkey
Contact information: Meçe Cansev, e-mail: cansevmese@windowslive.com, Gungor Kahraman, e-mail: kahraman@gazi.edu.tr, Ozer Baçak Koca, e-mail: bkozer@ankara.edu.tr.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OBESITY AND ARTERIAL STIFFNESS
IN CHILDHOOD WITH FATHER'S SMOKING DURING PREGNANCY
Mora-Urda Ana Isabel, Montero Pilar
Physical Anthropology, Biology Department, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Studies about children health have historically considered aspects related to mothers' health and mothers' behaviors as determinants of optimal fetal development and subsequent health of children, however, there is little information about the influence of the fathers behaviors. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between father's smoking during pregnancy with obesity and arterial stiffness in children. The sample consisted of 300 children (8 to 12 years old) and their fathers and mothers. Data were collected in public schools in the Community of Madrid. Following the collection of data from children their families were interviewed about the smoking patterns of both fathers and mothers during pregnancy. At the beginning of the pregnancy 16.7% of smoking mothers stopped smoking. Women who maintained smoking during pregnancy significantly decreased the number of cigarettes/day (14.23 cigarettes/day before pregnancy and 7.07 cigarettes/day during pregnancy). However, the percentage of fathers who stopped smoking was very small (5.3%). Fathers' smoking during pregnancy was associated with higher body mass index (p = 0.031), greater waist circumference (p = 0.012) and higher waist/ height index (0.001) in daughters but not necessarily in sons. Likewise the number of cigarettes consumed per day by the father during pregnancy affects the pulse wave velocity (PWV), an indicator of arterial wall stiffness (p = 0.028). Daughters of nonsmoking mothers during pregnancy but who were exposed during fetal life to paternal smoking, presented highest values of visceral obesity and arterial stiffness (PWV) in childhood. The results obtained in this study highlight the importance of fathers' behavior on the health of children.
Key words: father's smoking, obesity, arterial stiffness, children
Contact information: Mora-Urda Ana Isabel, e-mail: anabelmoraurda@hotmail.com,
Montero Pilar, e-mail: pilar.montero@uam.es.
FILIPPOVKA: SKULLS AND FACES. NOMADS OF THE SOUTH URALS
IN THE EARLY IRON AGE ACCORDING TO ANTHROPOLOGICAL
RECONSTRUCTIONS
Nechvaloda Alexey
Institute of History, Language and Literature, Ufa Scientific Centre of Russian Academy Sciences, Ufa, Russia
Early Iron Age is one of the spectacular periods in the ancient history of the Eurasian Steppe. Just in the center of the nomadic world, there is Filippovka kurgan cemetery, situated between Volga and Ural Rivers. Twenty-five kurgans are located on the left bank of the Ural River, 100 km to the west of the city of Orenburg.
Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Series 23 ANTHROPOLOGIYA — 3/2014
19th Congress of the European Anthropological Association Lomonosov MSU, Moscow, Russia, 25th - 29th August, 2014
As a result of the 1986-1990 excavations, the expedition of the Institute of History, Language and Literature, Ufa Scientific Centre, RAS, under the guidance of A.Kh. Pshenichnyuk, investigated burial complexes of the nomadic elite accompanied by unique sculptures of the gold-plated deer and other pieces of jewelry. The excavations also gave craniological material consisted of five skulls (including 3 male and 2 female skulls) of varying integrity. Craniometric investigations along with morphological and total analyses of the male skulls from Filippovka showed a mixed origin of their anthropological type. The male skulls are characterized with large size, brachycrania, well-developed macrorelief, high face, slightly weakened profiling at the level of the orbit and small or medium projection of nasal bones above the facial plane. This combination of craniological features observed in paleoanthropological materials of the 5th and 4th centuries AD from the East European steppe region has been determined as "eastern Europoid type". Two male skulls and one female skull from Filippovka formed the craniological basis for plastic facial reconstructions. Typologically, the basis for the racial type of the buried men from Kurgans 5 and 12 of the Filippovka kurgan cemetery is represented by a complex of Protoeuropoid traits with a slight addition of Mongoloid peculiar features in the facial architecture. Weakened profiling of the facial skeleton at the horizontal level can be explained by preservation of the archaic features in the Protoeuropoid-type morphological complex. The female skull from Kurgan 12 is characterized with a more pronounced Mongoloid appearance that is reflected in the facial reconstruction sculpture. In the process of restoring the appearance, M.M.Gerasimov's method was employed with further modifications proposed by G.V. Lebedinskaya and S.A. Nikitin.
Key words: Nomads of the South Urals, Filippovka, craniology, plastic facial anthropological recon-
Diagnostic possibilities of a method of multifrequency segmentary bioimpedance analysis were studied in 125 practically health patients. It is shown that in the age range from 25 till 75 years and BMI (Body Mass Index) in the range from < 20 kg/m2 up to >35 kg/m2 the decrease in impedance parameters occurs, more significant at arms and legs regions. Ranges of normal bioimpedance values are established at low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) for body regions at various BMI values and for different age groups. The degree of correlation of the revealed changes of impedance values at LF and HF varies for different body parts and is most ly expressed on upper extremities. As the degree of changes of impedance parameters varies, their analysis for separate body regions is necessary. The suggested values can be used as references for individual and estimation of human body mass parameters in adults.
Key words: organism, water balance, anthropometry, bioimpedance analysis
struction
Contact information: Nechvaloda Alexey, e-mail: striwolf@mail.ru.
ESTIMATION OF WATER SECTORS IN HUMAN ORGANISM BY BIOIMPEDANCE METHOD
Nikitjuk Dmitry, Nikolenko Vladimir, Klochkova Svetlana
First State Moscow Medical University by name of Setchenov, Moscow, Russia
Contact information: Nikitjuk Dmitry, e-mail: dimitrynik@mail.ru.
19 Конгресс Европейской Антропологической Ассоциации МГУ имени М.В.Ломоносова, Москва, 25-29 августа, 2014
Вестник Московского университета. Серия XXIII АНТРОПОЛОГИЯ — 3/2014
