CC BY
1320
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES / «€©LL©®U]UM~J©U©MaL» #M№4), 2022
Khalak V.I.,
1State institution "Institute of Grain Crops of the NAAS of Ukraine",
Dnipro, Ukraine Gutyj B.V., Leskiv Kh. Ya.
Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies of Lviv,
Lviv, Ukraine Bordun O. M.,
Institute of Agriculture of the Northeast of the of the NAAS of Ukraine, v. Sadove, Sumy district, Sumy region, Ukraine
Saienko A. M.
Institute ofpig breeding and agro-industrial production of the NAAS of Ukraine,
Poltava, Ukraine DOI: 10.24412/2520-6990-2022-21144-20-23
FEEDING AND MEAT QUALITY OF YOUNG PIGS OF DIFFERENT GENOTYPES BY THE MELANOCORTIN 4 RECEPTOR GENE (MC4R) AND THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THEIR
USE
Abstract.
The article presents the results of studies of the fattening and meat qualities of young pigs of the large white breed of different genotypes according to the melanocortin 4 receptor (Mc4r) gene and the calculation of the economic efficiency of the animals in experimental groups. Assessment of animals for fattening and meat quality was carried out taking into account the following characteristics: average daily gain of live weight during the period of control fattening, g; the age of reaching 100 kg live weight, days, length of the chilled carcass, cm; length of the bacon half of the cooled carcass, cm; thickness of lard at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae, mm (Berezovskyi, Khatko, 2005). Biometric processing of research results (Kovalenko et al., 2010) and calculation of the economic efficiency of research results ("Methodology for determining economic ..., 1983) was carried out according to generally accepted methods. The analysis of the results of control fattening shows that the young pigs of the controlled population meet the requirements of the first class and the elite class in terms of fattening and meat qualities. Taking into account the intrabreed differentiation of large white breed animals based on the melanocortin 4 (Mc4r) receptor gene, it was established that animals of the Mc4r AG genotype prevail over peers of the Mc4r AA genotype in terms of average daily weight gain by 5.17%, the age of reaching 100 kg of live weight is 2.57%, the thickness of lard at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae - 8.33% and the length of the chilled carcass -1.95%. According to O. Wangen's index, the difference between the groups is 4.13 points (td=2.19; P<0.05). Using young pigs of the Mc4r AG genotype provided additional production at +2.71%.
Keywords: young pigs, breed, genotype, fattening, meat qualities, variability, correlation.
Introduction
The increase in pork production in Ukraine involves the improvement of animal feeding and keeping conditions, introducing innovative breeding value assessment methods, selecting highly productive animals, and intensive use [1-5]. The above is the basis of selection and breeding work with domestic breeds and animals obtained by interbreeding sows of Ukrainian selection with boars of foreign origin. As evidenced by the research results by domestic scientists, this method helps to increase the fattening and meat qualities of their offspring [6, 7].
It has been established that genetic markers are influential in selecting highly productive animals. Therefore, their work in improving agricultural animals' breeding and productive qualities contributes to the acceleration of the breeding process and the creation of highly productive micro populations of cattle, pigs, sheep, and other types of animals [8-14].
The work aimed to investigate the fattening and meat quality of young pigs of the large white breed of
different genotypes according to the melanocortin receptor 4 (Mc4r) gene, as well as to calculate the economic efficiency of the use of animals in experimental groups.
Research material and methods
The research was carried out in agricultural formations and processing enterprises of the Dniprope-trovsk region, the laboratory of the genetics of the Institute of Pig Breeding and Agro-industrial Production of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, and the laboratory of animal husbandry of the State Institution "Institute of Grain Crops of the NAAS of Ukraine".
The object of the research was young pigs of the large white breed of different genotypes for the melanocortin 4 (Mc4r) receptor gene (Mc4rAA - I group, Mc4r GG - IIgroup, Mc4r AG - IIIgroup).
Control fattening of young pigs was carried out in the farm conditions using a feed of own production and protein-mineral-vitamin additives of the company Tsehave Korm LTD. Evaluation of young pigs for fat-
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tening and meat qualities was carried out taking into account the following indicators: average daily gain of live weight during the period of control fattening, g; the age of reaching 100 kg live weight, days; length of the cooled carcass, cm; fat thickness at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae, mm [15].
The integrated assessment of young pigs of the experimental groups in terms of fattening and meat qualities was carried out according to the index of O. Wangen (1):
I = — x AI + — x TF (1)
The cost of additional products was calculated according to the formula:
V = P x AxP x L x N 100
(2)
where: I - index of O. Wangen, points, AI - average daily increase in live weight for the period from the day of birth to the age of reaching the live weight of 100 kg; TF - the thickness of the fat at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae, mm; oM - the phenotypic standard
deviation of average daily live weight gain, g; oTP - the
phenotypic standard deviation of fat thickness, mm [16].
where: V - the value of additional products, hryv-nias; P is the purchase price of a product unit, according to the current prices in Ukraine; A - average productivity of animals; P is the average increase in the main production (%), which is expressed as a percentage per 1 head when applying a new and improved breeding achievement compared to the productivity of animals of essential use; L - is a constant coefficient of reduction of the result, which is associated with additional costs for profitable products (0.75); N - is the number of farm animals of a new or improved breeding achievement, heads [17].
DNA typing of young pigs was carried out in the genetics laboratory of the Institute of Pig Breeding and Agro-Industrial Production of the NAAS of Ukraine according to generally accepted methods [18, 19].
Fig. 1. Electrophoresis in an 8% Polyacrylamide gel of MC4R and Leptin(LEP) gene restrictions. Lane: 1-3 AA genotype, lane: 4, 5, 7 AG genotype, lane: 6 GG genotype, MC4R gene. Lane: 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16 TT genotype, lane: 9 AA genotype, lane: 13 AT genotype, Leptin(LEP) gene. M is a molecular weight marker of pBR322 DNA/BsuRI (A.M. Sayenko, V.l. Khalak, 2020).
Biometric processing of the received data was carried out according to the methods of V.P. Kovalenko. etc. [20].
Results and their discussion
The analysis of the results of control feeding shows that young pigs (n=45) reach a live weight of 100 kg in 177.3±0.77 days (Cv=2.93%), and the average daily gain in live weight is 780.4±5.67 g (Cv=4.87%),
the thickness of lard at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae - 20.7±0.32 mm (Cv=10.36%), the length of the chilled carcass - 96.5±0.31 cm (Cv =1.71%). Index O, Wangen equals 38.2±1.35 cm (Cv=23.71%).
The results of studies on the fattening and meat qualities of young pigs of different genotypes according to the melanocortin receptor 4 (Mc4r) gene are shown in Table 1.
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AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES / «€©LL©(MUM~J©U©MaL» 2022
Table 1
Feeding and meat qualities of young pigs of different genotypes according to the melanocortin 4 receptor _ gene (Mc4r) _
Indicator (sign), units of measurement Biometrie indicators Genotype
Mc4rAA Mc4r GG Mc4r AG
group
I II III
Average daily gain of live weight during the period of control fattening, g n 22 3 20
X±Sx 760,7±7,67 775,9±6,26 802,2±6,31
0±Xa 35,93±5,419 37,59±15,405 28,23±4,467
Cv±Scv, % 4,72±0,711 4,84±1,983 3,51±0,555
± to the average population indicator, g - -19,7 -4,5 +21,8
± to the average population indicator, % - -2,52 -0,57 +2,79
Age of reaching 100 kg live weight, days X±Sx 178,8±1,18 177,1±0,83 174,2±1,02
o±Xa 5,55±0,837 5,02±2,057 4,56±0,721
Cv±Scv, % 3,10±0,467 2,83±1,159 2,61±0,412
± to the average population indicator, days - +1,3 + 0,4 -3,3
± to the average population indicator, % - +0,72 +0,22 -1,85
The thickness of the lard at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae, mm X±Sx 21,6±0,52 20,9±0,31 19,8±0,32
o±Xa 2,44±0,368 1,91±0,782 1,47±0,232
Cv±Scv, % 11,29±1,702 9,13±3,741 7,42±1,174
± to the average population indicator, mm - +0,9 + 0,2 -0,9
± to the average population indicator, % - +4,16 +0,95 -4,16
Index of O. Wangen, score X±Sx 34,81±0,24 37,72±1,42 38,94±1,87
o±Xa 1,14±0,171 8,57±3,512 9,32±1,474
Cv±Scv, % 3,27±0,493 22,72±9,311 23,93±3,786
The length of the cooled carcass, cm n 10 3 14
X±Sx 95,5±0,34 96,7±0,34 97,4±0,44
o±Xa 1,08±0,241 1,67±0,684 1,65±0,311
Cv±Scv, % 1,13±0,252 1,72±0,704 1,69±0,319
± to the average population indicator, see - -1,1 + 0,1 + 0,8
± to the average population indicator, % - -1,13 +0,10 + 0,82
It was established that the young pigs of the III sub-experimental group (Mc4r AG) prevailed over the peers of the I group (Mc4r AA) in terms of the average daily gain of live weight by 41.5 g (td=4.19; P<0.001), the age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg - 4 .6 days (td=2.96; P<0.01), O. Wangen's index - 4.13 points (td=2.19; P<0.05) (Table 2).
Young pigs of the III sub-experimental group (Mc4r AG) compared to peers of the 1st group (Mc4r AA) were characterized by a smaller index of fat thickness at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae (by 1.8 mm; td=4.18; P<0.001), and the difference between the
groups in the length of the chilled carcass was 1.9 cm (td=3.45; P<0.001).
The coefficient of variability (Cv,%) of fattening and meat qualities in young pigs of experimental groups ranges from 1.13 (length of the chilled carcass (cm) in animals of the Mc4rAA genotype) to 11.29% (fat thickness at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae (mm) in animals of the Mc4rAA genotype).
The calculation of the economic efficiency of the research results shows that the maximum increase in additional production was obtained from young pigs of the Mc4r AG genotype (+2.71%) (Table 2).
Table 2
Economic efficiency of research results
The cost of additional
Group Average daily gain of live weight during the period of control fattening, g Increase in additional products, % products, UAH /head / US dollars/head
General sample 780,4±5,91 - -
I 760,7±7,67 -2,52 -125,20 / -4,41
II 775,9±6,26 -0,57 -28,05 / -0,98
III 802,2±6,31 +2,71 +131,17 / +4,62
Note: * - the selling price of young pigs at the time of the study was 47.50 hryvnias per 1 kg of live weight.
The value of additional products obtained from Conclusions:
young pigs of the specified group equals +131.17 hryv- 1. The analysis of the results of control fattening
nias or 4.62 US dollars. shows that the young pigs of the controlled population
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meet the requirements of the first class and the elite class regarding fattening and meat qualities.
2. Intrabreed differentiation of large white breed animals based on the melanocortin 4 (Mc4r) receptor gene shows that animals of the Mc4r AG genotype prevail over peers of the Mc4r genotype. In terms of average daily weight gain of 5.17%, the age of reaching 100 kg live weight is 2.57%, the thickness of lard at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae - 8.33%, and the length of the chilled carcass - 1.95%. The difference between the groups according to O. Wangen's index is 4.13 points (td=2.19; P<0.05).
3. Using young pigs of the Mc4r AG genotype provided additional production at +2.71%.
Gratitude. The authors express their official thanks to the director of the "Druzhba-Kaznacheivka" STOV of the Dnipropetrovsk region, candidate of agricultural sciences V. I. Saveliev, chief technologist N. O. Shepel and doctor of agricultural sciences, head of the department of physiology and animal health of the Institute of Pig Breeding and Agro-Industrial Production of the National Academy of Sciences, Pocherniaev K.F.. The latter contributed to the organization and conduct of the experimental part of scientific research.
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