CC BY
20
УДК 504.78
Nurmatova N.N. senior lecturer
department of social sciences and humanities Andijan State Medical Institute
FEATURES OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF MAN AND NATURE
Annotation: This article discusses the specifics of the relationship between man and nature.
Key words: man, nature, ecology, society.
Society is a dynamic, constantly evolving system. The development of society is influenced by many factors, among them it is customary to single out the objective factors of the development of society, those that do not directly depend on the will and conscious activity of people and social groups, and the subjective factors of the development of society, depending on the will, interest and conscious activity of a person and various social groups.
The most important objective factor in the development of society is nature. So, the most ancient civilizations arose on the banks of the great rivers (they are called "river civilizations"). However, the natural factor can contribute to death. A vivid example of the influence of the natural factor on the development and death of civilizations is the Minoan civilization, which flourished due to favorable natural conditions, and death was accelerated by a volcanic eruption.
The natural factor gives impetus to the technological factor - in favorable conditions of the tropics, hunting and gathering satisfy basic human needs, but changing conditions lead to the need to search for new technologies - ways to meet human needs. Agriculture, cattle breeding, handicraft, trade appear. New forms of life support require the complication of the organization of society, the improvement of culture. Some scientists attribute the emergence of states to the need for massive irrigation works, for example, in the Nile Valley.
The technological factor can contribute to the rapid development of society, demographic growth, due to which there are more opportunities for subjective factors to manifest themselves.
The main subjective factors in the development of society are the masses, social groups and historical figures.
All the factors discussed here can contribute to both the progress and regression of society.
The biosphere of the Earth is characterized in a certain way by the existing circulation of substances and the flow of energy. Human impact on nature disrupts these processes.
The cycle of substances is the repeated participation of substances in the processes occurring in the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere, including those layers that are part of the Earth's biosphere.
Depending on the driving force, with a certain degree of convention, within the circulation of substances, one can distinguish geological, biological and anthropogenic cycles.
Before the appearance of man on Earth, only two cycles of matter were carried out - geological and biological. The geological cycle is the circulation of substances, the driving force of which is exogenous and endogenous geological processes. The geological cycle of substances is carried out without the participation of living organisms. The biological cycle is the cycle of substances, the driving force of which is the activity of living organisms.
With the advent of man, an anthropogenic cycle or metabolism arose. Anthropogenic circulation (exchange) - circulation (exchange) of substances, the driving force of which is human activity. Two components can be distinguished in it: biological, associated with the functioning of a person as a living organism, and technical, associated with the economic activity of people (technogenic circulation (exchange)).
Unlike the geological and biological cycles of substances, the anthropogenic cycle of substances in most cases is not closed. Therefore, they often talk not about the anthropogenic cycle, but about the anthropogenic metabolism. The openness of the anthropogenic circulation of substances leads to the depletion of natural resources and pollution of the natural environment.
Pollution is the introduction into the environment or the occurrence in it of new (usually not characteristic of it) harmful chemical, physical, biological agents. Pollution can occur as a result of natural causes (natural) or under the influence of human activities (anthropogenic pollution).
In addition to influencing the circulation of substances, a person has an impact on energy processes in the biosphere. The most dangerous is the thermal pollution of the biosphere associated with the use of nuclear and thermonuclear energy.
Thus, the impact of man on nature consists in the redistribution of matter in the environment and the change in its physical, chemical and biological characteristics.
Human impact on nature can be: destructive, stabilizing or constructive.
Destructive (destructive) impact - human activity, leading to the loss of the natural environment of its useful human qualities. An example of destructive human activity is the reduction of rainforests to pastures or plantations, as a result of which the biogeochemical cycle of substances is disturbed, and the soil loses its fertility in 2-3 years.
Stabilizing impact - human activity aimed at slowing down the destruction (destruction) of the natural environment as a result of both human economic
activity and natural processes. An example of stabilizing human activity is soil protection measures aimed at reducing soil erosion.
Constructive impact - human activity aimed at restoring the natural environment, disturbed as a result of human economic activity. An example of constructive human activity is the reclamation of landscapes, the restoration of the number of rare species of animals and plants, etc.
Direct (immediate) impact - a change in nature as a result of the direct impact of human economic activity on natural objects and phenomena. Indirect (mediated) impact is a change in nature as a result of chain reactions or secondary phenomena associated with human economic activity.
An unintended impact is unconscious when a person does not anticipate the consequences of his activity. Intentional impact is conscious when a person expects certain results of his activity.
Man (society) is connected with nature by his origin, existence, his future. All human life and activity, territorial settlement and distribution of production forces depend on the quantity, quality and location of natural resources.
The natural environment surrounding a person influenced and influences the formation of ethnic groups. Ethnogenesis - the emergence and development of the peoples of the world under the influence of internal socio-economic mechanisms and the surrounding social and natural environments. The historical development of ethnic groups is divided into 3-4 phases: the phase of historical formation, the phase of historical existence, the phase of historical inertia and the phase of ethnic relics.
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