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УДК 339
Khalmirzaeva S.S. senior lecturer department of general hygiene Andijan State Medical Institute
CURRENT ISSUES OF FORMATION OF ECOLOGICAL CULTURE
Abstarct: This article discusses current issues in the formation of ecological culture.
Key words: ecology, ecological culture, personal hygiene, healthy lifestyle.
The term "ecology" was first used by the German biologist E. Haeckel in 1866, having formed it from the Greek words "oikos" (house, dwelling) and "logos" (thought). By ecology, Haeckel understood the science that studies the distribution and abundance of organisms, the sociology and economics of animals. Ecology was then part of natural history.
At the state level, environmental problems were thought about several centuries ago. So, for example, in Russia during the reign of Peter I, a project was developed to create a "board for the improvement of nature." Gradually, ecology expanded the scope of its interests, and now it studies the entire world around man, focusing on the relationship between organisms and external factors (physical, biological, chemical, etc.).
The Encyclopedic Dictionary gives such a modern interpretation of ecology: "The science of the relationship of plant and animal organisms and the communities they form between themselves and the environment."
In the 20th century, due to the increased impact of man on nature, ecology acquired special significance as the scientific basis for the rational use of natural resources and the protection of living organisms. This was due, first of all, to the deterioration of the state of the environment due to man-made disasters, testing of various types of weapons, irrational use of natural resources by humans, and other reasons. To date, about 300 areas of acute environmental situations have formed in the CIS countries, covering an area of almost 4 million square meters. km. At the present stage, life confronts us with seven environmental problems: 1) the problem of food, 2) the problem of energy, 3) the problem of resources; 4) the problem of demography; 5) the problem of the gene pool; 6) the problem of the biosphere; 7) the problem of human health.
Against the background of existing environmental problems, environmental education and environmental education of all segments of the population are of particular relevance today. Consider the essence of these concepts.
Environmental education is:
• a comprehensive analysis of various environmental problems (scientific, ideological, moral, aesthetic, economic);
• study of the following concepts in the content of academic subjects -protection of human health, environmental protection, monitoring the state of the environment, environmental quality, healthy lifestyle, environmental and health examination;
• connection of fundamental concepts of ecology with various sciences.
On this basis, a high school graduate should know:
•ecological contradictions of a global scale, affecting the foundations of the existence of human society on Earth;
•reasons for the aggravation of modern environmental problems;
•ways of solving environmental problems in different countries (social, scientific and economic experience);
•opportunities for organizing optimal relationships between human society and nature - planned organization of production, the introduction of resource-saving and waste-free technologies into industry, waste disposal, strengthening state control over the state of the natural environment and sources of pollution, restructuring the psychology of the population in relation to the natural environment, the exploration of outer space for the purposes of peaceful civilization (according to V.S. Kukushin).
Environmental education is a purposeful systematic activity to form a personality ready for practical environmental activities, to promote environmental ideas, to protect and improve the state of the environment.
The goal of ecological education is the formation of an ecological culture among schoolchildren, which can be represented in three components -ecological consciousness, ecological thinking, and ecological activity.
Environmental awareness includes:
• environmental knowledge (facts, information, conclusions, theories of interaction in the world of animals and plants, in their habitat and in general, in the environment);
• aesthetic feelings (understanding and appreciation of the beauty of nature, its harmony with the surrounding world);
• environmental responsibility (anticipation and prevention of possible negative consequences of human impact on the environment).
Ecological thinking is manifested in the ability to comprehend environmental phenomena, establish connections and dependencies that exist in the world of plants and animals, draw conclusions, generalizations and conclusions regarding the state of nature, reasonably interact with it;
Environmental activities - active environmental protection and competent promotion of environmental knowledge. The above components of environmental culture determine the following main tasks of environmental education and environmental education of schoolchildren:
• the formation of students' interest in the study of the laws of nature; assistance in their awareness of the importance of nature as a human habitat;
• development in children of a sense of responsibility for the state of the environment, for their own life and health, as well as the life and health of others;
• the formation of students' moral and aesthetic attitude to nature, the promotion of their perception of nature as an aesthetic perfection;
• stimulating the active participation of schoolchildren in environmental protection activities and the promotion of environmental knowledge.
The educational process contains great opportunities in terms of environmental education and upbringing of students, especially such disciplines as biology, chemistry, geography, physics (students study nature as a habitat, physical factors of the natural environment, the development of energy and its environmental indicators, the biosphere and its protection, natural disasters and ways to protect against them, means of combating environmental pollution, etc.).
Objects of the humanitarian and artistic cycle also contribute to the formation of the ecological consciousness of children - history, "Man. Society. State", literature, fine arts, music.
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