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FEATURES OF MODERNIZATION PROCESSES IN UZBEKISTAN: THEORY,
PRACTICE, PROSPECTS Primova A.A. (Republic of Uzbekistan) Email: [email protected]
Primova Azima Azizovna - Senior Lecturer, DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT, BUKHARA ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE, BUKHARA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: аn analysis of the country's socio-economic transformations shows that the process of economic modernization occupies a significant place in the basis of achievements and successes. In this connection, the study of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the modernization process is becoming relevant. By its most general definition, modernization is a process of transition from a traditional to an industrial society based on large-scale machine production and the rational management of social processes based on laws. Keywords: modernization, economic transformation, economic modernization, social modernization, investment policy, investment program.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ МОДЕРНИЗАЦИОННЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ В УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ: ТЕОРИЯ, ПРАКТИКА, ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ Примова А.А. (Республика Узбекистан)
Примова Азима Азизовна - cтарший преподаватель, кафедра менеджмента, Бухарский инженерно-технологический институт, г. Бухара, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: в статье освещены особенности модернизационных процессов в Узбекистане. Анализ социально-экономических преобразований в стране показывает, что процесс экономической модернизации занимает важное место в основе достижений и успехов. В связи с этим изучение теоретических и методологических основ процесса модернизации становится актуальным. По наиболее общему определению, модернизация - это процесс перехода от традиционного к индустриальному обществу, основанный на крупномасштабном машиностроении и рациональном управлении социальными процессами на основе законов.
Ключевые слова: модернизация, экономическая трансформация, социальная модернизация, инвестиционная политика.
First of all, we dwell on the content of the term modernization, which is considered as a concept related to engineering, technology. In many economic dictionaries, she is given the definition of the following content: "Modernization is the improvement, improvement, updating of an object, bringing it in line with new requirements and standards, technical conditions, and quality indicators. Mainly machines, equipment, processes are being modernized".
The Strategy for the Development of Uzbekistan until 2021, adopted in 2017, identifies five main areas of modernization:
- improvement of state and social construction;
- ensuring the rule of law and reforming the judicial system;
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- development and liberalization of the economy;
- development of the social sphere; - ensuring security, interethnic harmony and religious tolerance, implementing a balanced, mutually beneficial and constructive foreign policy.
With the adoption of this Strategy in our country, progress has been observed in all the presented areas. Consider these factors and the features of their development in our country. The priority of the model of democratic reforms in Uzbekistan is the need to take into account the social, economic and other needs of man and society. Let us consider the features of economic and social modernization in Uzbekistan. One of the features of the ongoing reforms in Uzbekistan is that the liberalization of the socio-political sphere has certain boundaries.
Today, Uzbekistan is becoming more open to economic interaction, not due to the erosion of sovereignty, but due to an increase in the effectiveness of legislation and public administration. In this direction, our government adheres to the peculiarities of the "Chinese" model of reforms, in which the goal of transformation is economic growth, rather than the democratization of the political regime.
The main goal of economic reforms proclaims the transition of the Uzbek economy to market rails and its close integration into the world economic system in order to ensure the growth of national welfare and living standards of citizens. It should be noted that the strategy of economic transformations is described in the Concept of integrated socio-economic development of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030, developed by the Ministry of Economy and Industry.
The 5-th Concept provides for three stages of economic transformation of Uzbekistan, in which the emphasis is on large-scale economic transformation.
At the first (2019-2021), it is planned to carry out basic market reforms (most of which have already been implemented), which will prepare the country for accelerated development. The main emphasis is shifted to domestic economic processes. In the foreign economic dimension, the main vector is the strengthening of ties with the EAEU countries and other participants in the global economy.
At the second stage (2022-2025), it is planned to achieve qualitative structural changes in the economy due to the development of industries, industrial growth, and increasing the efficiency of market institutions and institutions of social stability. It is expected that high rates of economic growth will be achieved and will join global value chains. In the field of foreign economy, the main problem of the second stage will be the study of issues of joining the EAEU and joining the WTO.
In the framework of the third stage (2026-2030), a transition will be made from the export of raw materials to an innovative type of economic development.
So, the ban on free currency conversion was lifted, the requirements for exporters were reduced, the visa regime was facilitated (citizens of 65 countries were allowed to enter), the creation of several free economic zones was planned, the Concept of tax reform for 2018-2020 was adopted, a set of measures was taken to improve investment climate and business environment. In implementing the strategy of economic modernization, investment policy is important.
In particular, the volume of investment in fixed assets amounted to 189.9 trillion. soums, with a growth rate to the same indicator in 2018 - 1.3 times. The share of investments in fixed assets in the structure of GDP increased to 36.2% in 2019 (the share of total investments in the structure of GDP by the end of 2019 amounted to 42.1%).
So, all democratic transformations and the process of formation of civil society itself directly depend on the real needs and conditions and the possibilities for their implementation in this country. One of the features of building a democratic and modernized society in Uzbekistan is the historically established practice of self-government - the so-called mahalla, which is considered a unique form of social self-organization.
References / Список литературы
1. Primova A.A., Turaeva Sh.Sh. Realities, prospects and problems of implementation of investment and infrastructure projects in Uzbekistan // Economics. № 3 (46), 2020.
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APPROACHES TO CLASSIFICATION OF INVESTMENT PROJECTS Varnazov L.A. (Russian Federation) Email: [email protected]
Varnazov Lev Aleksandrovich - DBA degree Applicant, RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION UNDER THE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, MOSCOW
Abstract: many scientific approaches are given to the definition of the concept of "development" for economic entities (enterprises, organizations). The classification of development projects by a number of significant features is given. The most essential elements characteristic of this specificity are revealed. The author's interpretation of the definition of concepts is given. The argumentation of researchers is given in the formation of alternative approaches in the development of classification features of development projects. In conclusion, a conclusion is made and general recommendations are given on the grouping of projects according to classification criteria.
Keywords: project, investment, analysis, strategy, monoprojects, mega-projects, market, functioning, team, management, financing, efficiency.
ПОДХОДЫ К КЛАССИФИКАЦИИ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННЫХ ПРОЕКТОВ Варназов Л.А. (Российская Федерация)
Варназов Лев ААлександрович — соискатель степени DBA, Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации, г. Москва
Аннотация: даётся множество научных подходов к определению понятия «развитие» для экономических субъектов (предприятий, организаций). Приводится классификация проектов развития по ряду значимых признаков. Выявляются наиболее существенные элементы, характерные для данной специфики. Приводится авторская трактовка определения понятий. Приводится аргументация исследователей при формировании альтернативных подходов при разработке классификационных признаков проектов развития. В завершение делается вывод и даются общие рекомендации по группировке проектов по классификационным признакам.
Ключевые слова: проект, инвестиции, анализ, стратегия, монопроекты, мегапроекты, рынок, функционирование, команда, управление, финансирование, эффективность.
Due to its attractiveness and convenience for both investors and entrepreneurs, investment projects were widespread throughout the world: from the United States of America to Europe, and then to other countries. Later, business entities began to use business projects as a real planning tool for the functioning and development of their activities.
With the transition to a market economy, Russian investors and lenders began to demand a business project from entrepreneurs. It is noteworthy that at first they were developed with the aim of obtaining investments, but today they are used as an effective tool for goal-setting and planning.
