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5Ученый XXI века • 2016 • № 4-2 (17) Технические науки
UDC 658.562: 658.516
FACTORS AFFECTING AUTO INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT IN KYRGYZSTAN
M.B. Musiralieva1
Abstract
In this article, the author discusses the factors, which influence the development of mechanical engineering enterprises in Kyrgyzstan. For comparison were take some neighboring countries to identify problems. The analysis of factors was performing, and the conclusions of the extent of their influence on the development of auto industry are present.
Keywords: mechanical engineering, Kyrgyzstan, factors, development.
Introduction
Mechanical engineering is an important industry of any industrialized country, which produces all possible equipment, machinery, machine tools, instrumentation and consumer goods. Engineering refers to the manufacturing industry, covering agriculture, energy and metallurgical sectors, transport and other sectors of the economy, ensuring the stability of their functioning. [1] The automotive industry is a wide range of companies and organizations involved in the design, development, manufacturing, marketing, and selling of motor vehicles. [2] It is a major industrial and economic force in the world. It makes over sixty million cars and trucks a year, and they are responsible for almost half of the world's consumption of oil. The industry employs four million people directly, and many more indirectly. [3] And for placement of automotive industry, it is necessary to take into account the factors influencing the location of production because it affects the growth and competitiveness of manufacturing.
Mechanical engineering is one of the most important components of the economy of any country. If we take the mechanical engineering of Kyrgyzstan as a branch of the domestic industry, its role in the economy of the state is not as significant as in the economies of industrial countries. For example, 24.3% of total import of Kyrgyzstan is machinery [4], and this fact is the evidence that there is a serious dependence on imports of machinery and equipment, which should be reduced through the development of its own production. In order to locate mechanical engineering industry, it is necessary to analyze the social, economic and territorial situation in the country.
This article will consider the factors influencing the placement and development of machine building production in Kyrgyzstan. Why does not Kyrgyzstan have any machine-building plants, while in most post-Soviet countries, such as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Tajikistan and others, engineering industry is developing?
Research design
I collected secondary data mostly from governmental web sites. I used benchmarking method to compare neighboring countries, such as Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkey. E.A. Kopyeva, K.A. Florov and E.Y. Epifanskaya discussed competitive production of mechanical engineering enterprises and the problem of economic development of mechanical engineering industries in Russia [5] [6] [7]. In this article, I present factors, which influence the development and replacement of mechanical engineering enterprises and intend to find out why there are no major mechanical engineering plants in Kyrgyzstan.
1Мусиралиева Мадина Батырбек-кызы - ассистент кафедры "Управление качеством», Международного университета Ататюрк Ала Тоо, Кыргызстан.
Технические науки
Analysis and findings
The analysis and study of the factors affecting machinery industry in the neighboring countries, revealed the following factors: financial situation, investment, event location, whether there are any possibilities for transportation of goods (machines, combines, tractors, etc.), railroads, skillful workers and so on. The following table presents data illustrating major factors affecting the state of machinery industry in Kazakhstan, Russia, Uzbekistan, Turkey and Kyrgyzstan.
Table 1
Country Population Budget Investment Rail ways № enterprises Annual income *
Kazakhstan 17541249 $ 24 billion [8] Yes [13] Yes 33 $ 20680
Russia 146267288 $ 247,4 billion [0] Yes [14] Yes [14] 120 $23190
Uzbekistan 31025500 $ 15.02 billion [12] Yes [12] Yes 19 $ 5290
Türke)' 77695904 570,5 billion TL [И] Yes [11] Yes $ 18800
Kyrgyzstan 6000000 $1,636 billion [10] Yes 7 $3080
*Gross National Income (GNI), The World Bank, 25.03.2015.
Based on the data analysis we can assume that the main reason for absence of mechanical engineering plants in Kyrgyzstan is its budget, which is not enough to invest in such enterprises. Kyrgyzstan is unable to afford this kind of manufacturing, as it requires much money to maintain production in good condition and renovate it. In the table can be seen big difference in the budget between post-soviet countries and Turkey. The next factor affecting auto industry is investment in building new plants and rebuilding old ones. It is obvious that long-term investment in any sector needs political stability in the country, which is not the case of Kyrgyzstan. During 24 years of independence, Kyrgyzstan has experienced two revolutions whose negative consequences are still traced in economic and social spheres [15]. In addition, undeveloped transportation system makes it difficult to deliver the required goods to the right place and to supply appropriate materials and equipment. Finally, there are only seven plants, which produce radiators, metal spare parts and provide repair services.
Discussion
Why in neighboring countries like Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Russia and Turkey, are there big and small mechanical engineering enterprises, which produce cars, trucks and agricultural machinery? Why does Kyrgyzstan have only small enterprises, which produce only spare parts and provide service?
Conclusion
The research revealed that there are opportunities for the development and construction of engineering plants in Kyrgyzstan due to the presence of such positive factors as railways (for transportation of finished products and materials) and cheap labor force. On the other hand, small population leads to low demand for these products, and political instability does not attract foreign investors. The small budget of the country makes it unaffordable to support financially even those seven enterprises. Thus, in spite of some possibilities for the development of mechanical engineering enterprises, certain factors leave few chances for the improvement of engineering plants in Kyrgyzstan.
Ученый XXI века • 2016 • № 4-2 (17)
References:
1.Развитие машиностроения в государствах - участниках ЕАБР. - Алматы, 2012. ISBN 978-601-7151-32-4, стр.8
2.Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
3.Yorgos Papatheodorou and Michelle Harris, The Automotive Industry: Economic impact and Location issues, Consultant, P.E., CH2MHILL, Jan 5, 2007.
4.stat.kg
5.Е.А. Копьева, Анализ факторов, влияющих на конкурентоспособность продукции машиностроения, Брянский государственный технический университет, 8стр
6.К.А. Флоров, Структурные особенности тяжелого машиностроения России и негативные факторы влияющие на развитие отрасли, Журнал Вестник Саратовского государственного социально-экономического университета, № 5 (44) 2012, 4 стр.
7.Е.Ю. Эпифанская, Анализ влияния ценовых и неценовых факторов на оценки конкурентоспособности продукции, Москва, 2007, стр. 139
8.www.express-k.kz
9.vostexpress.org
10.zanoza.kg
11.mk-turkey.ru Прямые иностранные инвестиции в экономику Турции выросли на 50%, 23 мая, 2014, 15:09
12.narodnoeslovo.uz Узбекистан: реальные инвестиции в перспективные проекты, Андрей Тешаев, 09 ноябрь, 2015
13.www. stat.gov.kz
14.www.gks.ru
15.Аркадий Гладилов, «Революции» 2005 и 2010: в ожидании кыргызского Наполеона, 05.04.2013, 17:30, информационно-аналитический портал www.polit.kg
© M.B. Musiralieva, 2016
УДК 658.562: 658.516
ФАКТОРЫ, ВЛИЯЮЩИЕ НА РАЗВИТИЕ МАШИНОСТРОЕНИЯ
В КЫРГЫЗСТАНЕ
М.Б. Мусиралиева
Аннотация. В данной статье автор рассматривает факторы, которые влияют на развитие предприятий машиностроения в Кыргызстане. Для сравнения были взяты некоторые соседние страны, чтобы выявить проблемы. Выполнен анализ факторов и были сделаны выводы о мере их влияния на развитие машиностроения.
Ключевые слова: машиностроение, Кыргызстан, факторы, развитие.
© М.Б. Мусиралиева, 2016
