2Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
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ESTABLISHING AN INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD BASED ON THE
USA MODEL IN UZBEKISTAN
Aziza Botirovna Musoeva
Samarkand state institute of foreign languages, Associate professor (PhD), Email: musoevab@uwec.edu
ABSTRACT
This article offers a comprehensive examination of the Institutional Review Board, an essential institutional resource that aids university students, faculty, internal, and external researchers. Implementing the Institutional Review Board in Uzbekistan would be beneficial, as indicated. This article provides a detailed analysis of the Institutional Review Board, offering valuable information on its administrative processes, current protocols, and educational strategies. Universities in Uzbekistan should consider establishing an Institutional Review Board to assist and provide support to students, faculty, and researchers both within and outside the university.
Keywords: institutional review board, research competence, human subjects, IRB protocols, informed consent, limitations, regulations.
ANNOTATSIYA
Ushbu maqola universitet talabalari, professor-o'qituvchilari, ichki va tashqi tadqiqotchilarga yordam beradigan muhim resurs bo'lgan Institutsional Tadqiqot Kengashi haqida bo'lib, O'zbekistonda Institutsional Tadqiqot Kengashini joriy etish bo'yicha so'z yuritadi. Unda Institutsional Tadqiqot Kengashining batafsil tahlili taqdim etilgan bo'lib, uning ma'muriy jarayonlari, joriy protokollari va ta'lim strategiyalari haqida ma'lumotlarni o'z ichiga oladi. O'zbekistondagi universitet talabalari, professor-o'qituvchilari va tadqiqotchilariga universitet ichida va tashqarisida tadqiqot qilishga yordam ko'rsatish va qo'llab-quvvatlash maqsadida Institutsional Tadqiqot Kengashi tashkil etish masalasini ko'rib chiqilgan.
Kalit so'zlar: institutsional tadqiqot kengashi, tadqiqot vakolati, inson sub'ektlari, IRB protokollari, rozilik, cheklovlar, qoidalar.
Introduction
During my time as a visiting scholar at the University of Wisconsin Eau Claire in the United States of America, I developed the concepts presented in this article. My goal as a visiting scholar and FEP finalist was to gain valuable insights through
April 23-24, 2024
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Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
^hjrchiqdavlat^edagGgika^niversiteti^^^^^^^Za
hands-on experiences in the United States. During the academic year of 2024, I gathered various experiences and reflections that inspired this paper, highlighting the significance of the Institutional Review Board, particularly within universities in Uzbekistan.
Education is vital for providing the younger generation the necessary skills and information to succeed in today's competitive global environment. Nowadays, improving the quality of education in Uzbekistan mostly focuses on educational reform. Therefore, establishing the Institutional Review Board at universities in Uzbekistan is an essential reform that should be implemented swiftly.
The Institutional Review Board (IRB) is a nationally required committee responsible for reviewing and overseeing research involving people to safeguard their rights and well-being as study subjects. IRBs are crucial for ensuring the safe, ethical, and consistent execution of research involving human participants. Therefore, human participant research has become increasingly intricate over the last decade yet continues to be crucial for the advancement of safe, efficient, and thorough research [1, 520].
The main objective of the IRB is to ensure that research is planned and carried out in compliance with rigorous ethical and scientific criteria, and that research participants are sufficiently safeguarded [2, 158]. IRBs were first mandated by legislation in the United States during the 1970s, mostly due to disclosures of detrimental research [3, 4].
IRBs globally and between universities may have varying roles, but its main goal is to evaluate research initiatives involving people to guarantee ethical justifiability on several levels before they begin. IRBs evaluate the potential risks and benefits of a research project, subject vulnerability, recruitment and consent processes, researchers' expertise, conflicts of interest, and other aspects like study design [2, 160].
Thus, prior to doing any study in the USA that involves human participants, researchers must complete a procedure that includes training, application, and approval. Individuals engaged in research, such as students, professors, or researchers, are required to complete the designated courses provided by the Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative (CITI Program) before submitting an application to the Institutional Review Board (IRB).
IRBs play a vital role in monitoring research ethics, yet there is a widespread acknowledgment that they may not consistently meet the anticipated high standard [5, 3-19]. It seems that the complex operational aspects and financial limitations they face could be affecting the training of IRB members and consequently impacting the
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Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
^hirchiq^avlat^edagogika^niversite^
quality of review processes and overall IRB performance [6, 148]. Furthermore, there is often tension in the interaction between Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) and the research community because of differing perspectives and expectations regarding the purpose and function of IRBs [7, 136]. Researchers view IRB interventions as a form of control, while IRBs perceive their involvement as helpful and supportive. Researchers might perceive IRBs as unwelcoming and challenging because of their tendency to question and ask for justifications for aspects of study proposals. Researchers may perceive Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) as obstacles to their research, leading them to avoid certain studies due to fear of rejection by the IRB. IRBs view this as an inevitable but unintended result of their procedures. Researchers view IRBs as wielding significant power, while IRBs characterize their role as simply upholding study regulations [8, 12]. It appears that researchers have a limited understanding of the study approval system, which some IRBs believe contributes to delays and lengthy approval processes. The researchers rely on timely reviews, essential IRB expertise, and thorough evaluation of ethical considerations by the IRB, focusing on risks and benefits rather than solely on regulatory compliance. Researchers' perspectives on IRB processes can help overcome obstacles to a productive relationship between the research community and IRBs [9, 210].
The University of Wisconsin Eau Claire has established an Institutional Review Board to offer guidance on study conduct. Responsibility for enforcing rules and procedures to protect the rights and well-being of human subjects involved in university-related research activities falls under the IRB. Before beginning data collection, it is necessary to submit an application to and obtain approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB). Any research involving human participants must be evaluated and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB).
They achieve this by promoting familiarity with policies and procedures for safeguarding human subjects in research, including IRB protocols, principal investigator designation, submission processes to the institutional review board, and informed consent procedures [10, 212].
The research indicates that creating an Institutional Review Board is essential for improving research skills and promoting research capabilities among future foreign language instructors [11, 100].
In summary, this article delves into the reasons for establishing the Institutional Review Board in Uzbekistan and details the process of setting it up, drawing inspiration from effective university programs that prioritize research quality. The primary objective of establishing this institution is to enhance education in Uzbekistan across all academic fields. The Institutional Review Board at universities
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Chirchik State Pedagogical University Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Chirchiq davlat pedagogika universiteti
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Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik Zamonaviy filologiya va lingvodidaktikaning dolzarb masalalari
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in Uzbekistan strives to remedy the absence of research excellence centers dedicated to fostering research in all fields. It aims to provide researchers, teachers, and instructors with necessary skills and knowledge.
REFERENCES
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2. Labude MK, Shen L, Zhu Y, Schaefer GO, Ong C, Xafis V (2020) Perspectives of Singaporean biomedical researchers and research support staff on actual and ideal IRB review functions and characteristics: A quantitative analysis. PLoS ONE 15(12): e0241783. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.
3. Moon MR, F. K-M-G. The History and Role of Institutional Review Boards. AMA Journal of Ethics. 2009; 11(4):311-21. https://doi.org/10.1001/virtualmentor.2009.11.4.pfor1-0904
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6. Grady C. Institutional Review Boards: Purpose and Challenges. Chest. 2015; 148(5): 1148-55. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.15-0706.
7. Giles J. Researchers break the rules in frustration at review boards. Nature. 2005; 438(7065):136-7. https://doi.org/10.1038/438136b
8. Klitzman R. The Ethics Police?: IRBs' Views Concerning Their Power. PLoS ONE. 2011; 6(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0028773 PMID: 22174893
9. Paul C. Health researchers' views of ethics committee functioning in New Zealand. New Zealand Medical Journal. 2000; 113(1111):210-4. PMID: 10909934.
10. Information about the Institutional Review Board at University of Wisconsin Eau Claire from website. Available: https: //www.uwec. edu/orsp/faculty-academic-staff/research-using-human-subjects/
11. Musoeva, A. The importance of research competence. International scientific and theoretical conference "Linguistic and cultural issues of 21st century translation study", 99-101 pp.
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