CC BY
8
UDK 551. 482
Ergashev U.
Fergana Polytechnic Institute Khakimov A.
Fergana Polytechnic Institute Uzbekistan, Fergana
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE WORKS OF EASTERN
THINKERS
Abstract: This article analyzes the features of environmental views in the works of oriental thinkers from a scientific and theoretical point of view.
Key words: Bioethics, ethics, ecology, man and nature, ecological culture, moral norms.
In the history of mankind, a powerful force called civilization, which was the main cause of the environmental problem, has gradually separated us from nature. In the absence of scientific and technological progress, man communicated with nature in harmony, even in secret with it. There was an emotional unity between man and nature. The harmonious formation of the mental state in man with nature is closely connected with the initial formation of ecological consciousness. The moral relationship between them begins with an understanding of their spirituality. For the spiritual man possesses his own manners, the virtuous man possesses his own character, the moral man of the man whose character is formed, and also expresses his moral views of nature and of himself.
The study of human bioethical views on events and happenings in the external environment plays an important role in the process of globalization. At this point, we want to talk about the history of bioethics, and through this we will be able to better understand its essence. Bioethics is derived from ancient Greek and was introduced into circulation by the American oncologist and biochemist Van Ransseler Potter. Speaking about bioethics, Potter said, "I would like to ask all of you to accept bioethics as a new ethical doctrine that requires responsibility, competence, and embodies all cultures and promotes humanism." Today, issues of bioethics are reflected as a form of human expression of the nature, fauna and flora that surrounds us. That is why not only physicians or biologists study bioethics, but also ecologists, philosophers, theologians, psychologists and lawyers are actively involved in the study. It is clear that bioethics is an interdisciplinary phenomenon, i.e. they emerge as a unique, distinctive feature.
Now, with the development of science and technology, man has moved away from nature, unable to understand its language, unable to coexist with nature, and lost his emotional unity. Indeed, with the study of the environment by today's science, the universe has been filled with clear evidence and proof. "The
development of science and technology has begun to require the formation of new relations between man and nature, the development of ecological culture." In ancient times, thunder was heard to people as the angry voice of God, but now man knows what thunder is. Now the rivers and seas in the legends no longer have evil spirits, and mermaids do not live. Today, scientists are making their discoveries by studying the seabed and ocean floor. Now what is the state of mind of a person at night? Lev Melnikov, an academician at the UN International Academy of Informatization, says that "humanity has gone through three different directions in its history."
The first direction is that in the early days of civilization, humanity lived in the bosom of nature unconsciously, and then semi-consciously. And now, just as civilization cannot return, and humanity cannot return to such a way of life.The second line, the theory advocated by famous enlightened thinkers and materialists in the eighteenth and twentieth centuries, that only rationalism should survive. Science was understood to be a one-way knowledge tool. Consequently, now almost all scholars believe that it is necessary to study secular and religious sciences together in order to reach the truth.Lev Melnikov calls the third direction "irrational disorder." He says the trend is even more dubious, saying that the mind, which relies on the mind, has created imaginary horrible images that are now being materialized in an artificial living environment. Because it makes a person hesitant, he does not know whether he is living in reality or in an imaginary world. This, he believes, will inevitably lead the individual into crisis.Thus, according to L. Melnikov, the views on ecological knowledge put forward in the works of Eastern thinkers and religious teachings do not lose their force.Enlightened scholars acknowledge that it is in our inner ecological spirituality that the solution of environmental policy in our society today is becoming increasingly complex and the problems are increasing.
Our great thinkers Abu Nasr Farabi, Muhammad al-Khwarizmi, Abu Rayhan Beruni, Abu Ali ibn Sino, Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur and others in their works put forward advanced ideas that have made a great contribution to the development of ecological consciousness.Abu Nasr al-Farabi (870-950) was a major figure in the socio-philosophical thought of his time, and wrote many works on natural science. These include Kitab al-mobado al-insonino (The Book of the Beginning of Mankind), Kitab al-Qayyim wa al-Quantum (The Book of Size and Quantity), and Kalam fia'zo al-Anwan (The Book of the Animals). . Farobi distinguished between natural and man-made objects. He concludes that natural things are created by nature. It has been shown that the human factor has a great influence on nature.Abu Rayhan Beruni (973-1048) in his scientific views deals with the scientific problems of dialectical development in the natural environment.
In his works such as "Saydana", "Mineralogy", "India", "Monuments of ancient peoples", the relationship of animals and plants with the environment, their behavior is associated with changes in the seasons. According to him, the
possibilities for the survival of animals and plants on earth are limited, but plants and animals strive for infinite reproduction. Beruni believes that the change in the appearance of the earth is related to the change in the flora and fauna. He argues that based on natural-scientific observations and experiments, events in nature are governed by certain laws of nature.In the works of Abu Ali ibn Sina, "Laws of Medicine", "Kitab al-Shifa", "Book of Healing", he proved that the protection of human health, the effects of the external environment on the human body, water and air cause certain diseases, the spread of infectious diseases. Abu Ali ibn Sina states, "If there were no dust, man would live a thousand years." He advised people whose heart and lung diseases have become a chronic type to rest in places with fresh air and cool nature. According to the scholar, in places where nature is beautiful and clean, a person begins to breathe fresh air, and the nerve fibers relax and feel light. Abu Ali ibn Sina wrote down useful tips on diet and personal hygiene. It also provides information about various natural processes that take place over time, such as the formation of mountains and the occurrence of earthquakes.Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur (1482-1530) in his work "Boburnoma" revealed a wide range of issues related to nature, geography and local lore. Babur respected people who knew his country and always consulted with them. "Before going on a trip, I would call people who knew a lot about land and water and ask them what was going on around them." It describes each region in a certain order. Introduces the climate of the place, their location, medicinal plants, natural resources, fauna and writes what he saw and heard with his own eyes.From the above examples, it can be concluded that the opportunities for environmental education and training today are directly related to the in-depth study of interdisciplinary harmony.Environmental education - the rapid implementation of education requires in-depth environmental knowledge from teachers. Achieving this creates the need to develop scientific and methodological guidelines, scientific and methodological recommendations for environmental activities, information on improving efficiency. This will allow us to identify specific areas for the development of ecological spirituality, to harmonize our historical ecological traditions and spiritual heritage, to address issues related to ecological values aimed at changing the anthropocentric consciousness of the general population.
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