CC BY
8B.H. Usmonov
ELECTRONIC CORPUS OF TEXTS AND TRANSLATIONS
Over the last 10-15 years, the nature of the work of a translator and the requirements for it have changed significantly. The changes primarily affected the translation of scientific, technical, official and working documents. Today, as a rule, using a computer as a typewriter is not enough to simply translate the text. The client expects the translator to design the finished document as closely as possible to the appearance of the original, while at the same time meeting the standards accepted in the country.
Key words: Corpus, text, translation, linguistics, computer technology,
team.
The 21st century translation industry is placing new demands on translators as translation volumes increase, deadlines decrease, and more international teams have to work. The translator must be a project manager, a computer engineer, a document specialist, a publisher, a research linguist. Written translation of technical data has always been in demand. But according to statistics, a translator cannot translate more than 2,000 words a day without the use of computer technology, which requires a high cost of translation. Automation significantly increases the productivity of the translator, allowing to reduce the cost of the final product.
Most electronic tools are technology for accelerating and creating alternative versions of translated text (Internet capabilities); others provide a reliable choice between alternatives (translation drives and dictionaries of all kinds). Interpreters create and select alternatives, and various new technologies do not eliminate these tasks, they only expand the scope of possibilities and allow to solve a larger part of reality in a short time. The abundance of information in our time makes it easier to create alternative versions of the translated text, which means paying more attention to choosing the possible version of the translated text. It is important to remember that the main task of the translator is to ensure communication between people, and only then work with electronic means. Looking at a key element of competence should help you remember the goals and find the right place for the element in the system of interpreter and data access powers [5.p.254].
The skill of information technology means not only the transition to other means, but also a change in the approach to translation activities as a translation process. The use of various types of electronic dictionaries and text editors by a translator to check for spelling and lexical errors is similar to the use of transport by a person with a project principle. Obviously, such a transition greatly simplifies the translation process itself, but a full-quality transition is only possible when using cars or trucks or when talking about translation activities, when using the shell of electronic dictionaries, when grouping them, when using translation memory can talk about. The translator's information technology competence can be realized in an information environment called "translator's electronic workplace". In this regard, it seems appropriate to consider, first of all, the issue of "electronic workplace of a translator" ("computer workplace of a translator", "modern workplace of a translator"), which serves as a basis for its implementation. Until the information age associated with the invention of the personal computer and the Internet, the translator's tools were mainly paper and pen. Of course, paper is broadly understood as a means of manually cataloging, archiving, and searching translator records, bibliographic references, and terminological sample databases. Other traditional translation resources include printed dictionaries and reference books, as well as reference books on topics to read. The situation began to change in the mid-80s of the last century - the adoption of computer technology. In 1984, the first attempt was made in the United States to use computer technology for commercial purposes (by Agnew Tech-Tran Inc.). In the early 1990s, the computerization of the work of translators began in our country. The translator's long-held dream is to create a fully automated workplace. The most interesting in this regard is the Interlingua technology, developed in the early 90s at Carnegie Mellon University (Pittsburgh) based on the theory of machine intelligence. The essence of this technology is that based on specially developed algorithms, the program analyzes the meaning of the original text and translates it into the intermediate artificial language Interlingua. The computer can then automatically translate the source text into any language provided by the program and have the appropriate algorithms. One can only imagine how convenient this would be for manufacturers of equipment that produce instructions for use and other technical materials in multiple lan-guagesat the same time.
© B.H. Usmonov, 2022.
Scientific supervisor: Nasrullaeva Tozagul Sukhrobovna - Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages.
Unfortunately, these developments have not yet led to the creation of a finished product for commercial use, primarily due to insufficient computing power and other technical problems. However, work in this direction continues. In the 1990s, translators had access to communication tools such as fax and email. Email is now an integral part. Working with graphics and illustrations, as well as the widespread use of scanners that allow text data to be recognized and converted to electronic format, was an important step forward. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of text file creation products such as FineReader and CuneiForm for translators. Translating text files is much easier than on paper. There are programs that provide additional convenience and service at work. In this regard, we can mention Libretto (text analysis and interpretation), Pathfinder (search for text information on local and network disks), Punto Switcher and others. The second is to change the keyboard language [1.p.58].
The program recognizes the language in which the text is written and automatically switches to it. This is especially important if you are writing without looking at the screen. If you accidentally type zz into your browser's address bar, Punto Switcher will automatically send it to www. changes to Using this free program: 1) change the order automatically with the hotkey (it recognizes the entered text); 2) change the standard system key combinations to change the order; 3) adjust the layout and register in the selected text and the text in the clipboard; 4) You can use the auto-correction function to write frequently used words. In addition, the program provides audible alarms to work with the keyboard. Returning to the historical interpretation of the translator's electronic workplace, we also note the rapid development in the field of electronic media. 5-inch floppy disks are a thing of the past. In addition to 3-inch floppy disks, MO disks, and all types of cartridges, CD-ROMs, including rewritable ones, have emerged and are increasingly used.
It should be noted that over the past decade, as the software and hardware used by linguists have improved, so has the end product of their work. This not only made it possible to prepare translated and edited text data, but also to create original layouts for subsequent repetition.
Foreign experts emphasize the need to distinguish between the concepts of "electronic means" and "electronic resources", despite their closeness and interdependence in the work of a translator in modern conditions. Basically, "tools" are tools or equipment that need to perform daily tasks (for example, a computer, software). In recent decades, rapid computerization of society has led to the development of a new and very promising field of linguistics - corpus linguistics. The basic concept of this section is the concept of corpus. The body of texts, according to T. Makeneri and E. Wilson, is "a collection of language fragments selected according to specific language criteria for use as a language model" [8.p.162]. The case is characterized by its representation and completeness as a huge collection of data, as well as a specific building structure. Unlike single texts or paper editions, the body of the text allows you to instantly search for the desired elements and determine their quantitative and statistical properties.
In conclusion, the translator can be advised to keep abreast of IT developments and refer to dictionaries. Words in the field of information technology quickly and easily enter everyday life and are actively used by nonprofessionals. On the one hand, these terms mean that they don't need to be translated often, on the other hand, some of them may not only be intended for professionals, but some already have a glossary that means they need to get a translation. Thus, the translator should not leave the abbreviations and acronyms in the translation without thinking, but should analyze each specific situation and select the most appropriate transformation.
References:
1.Baker M. Corpora in Translation Studies. An Overview and Suggestions for Future Research // Target. - 1995. - No. 7(2). - P. 223-243.
2.Baker, Mona. In Other Words. A Coursebook on Translation. London: Routledge, 1992.
3.Belyaeva M.A. Ingliz tili grammatikasi / - M.: Oliy maktab, 1987 yil.
4.Bloch M.Ya. Grammatikaning nazariy asoslari / - M.: Oliy maktab, 2000. - 280 b.
5. Computers and Translation: A Translator's Guide / H. Somers (ed.). - Amsterdam; Philadephia: John Benjamins Publ. Company, 2003. - 349 p.
6.Gallon R. Information 4.0, the Next Steps // Towards a European Competence Framework: Tekom-Jahrestagungund tcworld conference in Stuttgart. Zusammenfassungen der Referate. - Stuttgart: tcworld GmbH Verantwortlich, 2016. - P. 9597.
7. Granger S. The Corpus Approach: A Common Way Forward for Contras- tive Studies // S. Granger, J. Lerot and S. Petch-Tyson (eds). Corpus-based Approaches to Contrastive Linguistics and Translation Studies. - Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2003a. - P. 17-29.
8.Kutuzov L. Ingliz tilining amaliy grammatikasi / - M.: Veche, 1998. - 200b.
USMONOV BILOLIDDIN HASAN UGLI - master student, Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages.
