CC BY
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YElElAl-OAOfENOExANEAB
OAdAeoAdenoeeA YAAeA f l Auo
^AOOEE l f l NoAA D l AA TRACHELOMONAS
EHRENBERG, 1833A lAlA! lA l!NEA
E TAElOlDUOAlAlA! lA
PAAllNElE l AEAnoe
P. A. It neaeao
Noaouy nTaaSffieo laoaSeaeu TT yeTeTaT-gTTaaTaSaoe+aneTlo enneaaTaaTe^ aeaTaTaT nTnoaaa yaaeaTTauo ffiaOoeeTTmOaa STaa Trachelomonas a aTaTalao IlneTaT 1SeeS-ouauy. Araaaua Tola+am raeToTSUa TnTaaMTnoe aeTeTaee e yeTeTaee STaa Trachelomonas, STeu a TaanTTaTaTTl aeaSToaTTga e eTaeeaoTaTUa aTglTffiTTnoe.
AAAAAfEA
A TanoTyuaa aSaly yaaeaTTauo ffiaOoe-eTTTnoaa STaa Trachelomonas (Ehrenberg, 1833) TSeTyoT ToTTneou e OaSnoaO Protozoa (Goldfuss, 1818), e oeTo Euglenozoa (Cavaler-Smith, 1981), eeanno Euglenoidea (Oltmanns, 1904) [6]. Eeann yaaeaTTauo
aee^+aao a naay TeTeT ouny+e aeaTa, gaTe-la^ueo TSaelOuanoaaT TT aTaTo^ nSaao TaeoaTey [3]. DTa Trachelomonas — yoT gTa+eoaeuTay TT +eneo aeaTa aSOTTa naT-aTaTTffieaOueo yaaeaTTauo, 0eSTeT SanTST-noSaTaTTuo a SagTToeTTuo aTaTalao. Yoe TSTnoaeoea eaSa^o nOuanoaaTTO^ STeu a aeaSToaTTgao, ela^o aunTeea +eneaTTTnou e aeTlannO, O+anoaO^o a TSTOannao nalTT+e-uaTey aTau, aoTayo a nTaeoSu TeoaTey Sag-Tuo aeaSTaeTToTa, yaey^ony TSaaTegla-le — eTaeeaoTSale naT'STaTmoe aTau a aTaTalao. fanlToSy Ta yoT, aaTTay aSOTTa TSTnoaeoeo enneaaTaaTa TaaTnoaoT+TT. OSa-aOao egO+aTey Sam'Saaaea T ea aeaTa STaa Trachelomonas a aTaTalao SagTuo oeTTa e oegeeT-aaTaSaoe+aneTaT TTeTffiaTey. A ee-oaSaoOSa TSaeoe+anee rao naaaaTee, eana^-
ueony aeeyTey aTaoTeo oaeoTSTa Ta aeT-eTae^ yoeo yaaeaTTauo. NeaaT egO+aTu na-gTTTay aeTaleea +eneaTTTnoe e aa gaaene-lTnou To aaeToe+aneeo e aeToe+aneeo oae-oTSTa nSaau, TnTaaTTTnoe SaTSTaOeoeaTTe noaaee ffiegTaTTuo oeeeTa oSaoaeTlTTaa. A TanoTyuaa aSaly TagSaea TaTaoTaelmou Sa-aegee STaa. I aSa+enea T T ua oaeou TSaa-noaaey^o TanTlTaTTue TaO+Tue eToaSan, oae eae armyo nOuanoaaTTue aeeaa a gTT-eTae+aneO^ TaOeO e enneaaTaaTey, TTnay-uaTTua yaaeaTTaul ffiaOoeeTTmOal STaa Trachelomonas, yaey^ony aaffiTule n oaTSa-oe+aneTe e TSaeoe+aneTe oT+ee gSarey.
Oaeup Taoae SaaTou yaeeTnu egO+a-
Tea aeaTaTaT nTnoaaa, aeTeTaee e yeTeTaee yaaeaTTauo ffiaOoeeTTmOaa STaa
Trachelomonas Ehrenberg, 1833 eg aTaTalTa ^ffiTTe +anoe I lneTe Taeanoe. Eg TanoTy-uae oaee auoaea^o neaaO^uea gaaa+e-.
1) egO+eou aeaTaTe nmoaa yaaeaTTauo ffiaOoeeTTTnOaa STaa Trachelomonas eg aTaT-alTa I lnea e ^aa I lneTe Taeanoe;
2) TSTaanoe yeTeTaT-OaTToe+aneee aTa-
eeg: auyaeou TnTaaTTTnoe SanTSaaaeaTey
aeaTa yaaeaTTauo ffiaOoeeTTTnoaa STaa Trachelomonas a SagTToeTTuo aTaTalao, TSeOST+aTTTnou eo e lanoTTaeoareyl e oe-Tal aTaTalTa, aTe^ e STeu aeaTa STaa Trachelomonas a neTffiaTee oaOTu yaaeaTea;
3) egO+eou TnTaaTTTnoe ffiegTaTTTaT oee-ea oTTTauo aeaTa STaa Trachelomonas,
4) egO+eou nagTTTua yaeaTey a ffiegTaT-TTl oeeea oSaoaeT lTTaa.
lAOADEAE E 1AOTAO
1 aoaSeae nTaeSaeny a SagTToeTTuo aTaTalao (TgaSa, noaSeou, TSOau, eaTaau, S. ESou0), eanTnoaTe e noaTe I lneTe Taea-noe a TaSeTa n 2001 TT 2006 a. Qa yoT aSaly aueT nTaSaTT 250 TSTa eg 20 aTaTalTa. NoaoeTTaSTule aTaTalale auee na^u TgaS I lnea (xaSaaTaTa, loe+uy AaaaTu, IgaSee, laSea ITaaau, JToTaTa NaaaSTTa, iToTaTa ^ffiTTa, laSea EOeuoOSu). NaTS e TaSaaTo-ea TTeaaTaT laoaSeaea TSTaTaeeanu n en-TTeugTaaTeal noaTaaSoTuo aeaSTaeTeTae-+anee6, OeoToele+aneeo e TSToTgTTeTae+a-neeo laoTaee [2; 5; 9; 11]. Aey egO+aTey ffiegTaTTTaT oeeea ToaaeuTuo aeaTa oSaoa-eTlTTanTa aue TSelaTaT laoTa leeSTaeaa-SeOlTa, TSaaeTffiaTTue A. 1 eoaeeTaul [15]. iSe nSaaTaTee aeaTauo nTnoaaTa oSa-oaeTlTTanTa enTTeugTaaTu eTyooeOeaTou ^aeeaea — 1 aeuoaaa (kJm), EaTayea (t)
© ^. A. 1 Tneaeao, 2010
Naaey «AeT eiae+aneea faoee»
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ё ёГвЗём Tarn Шё oaof xaёa^TanёTaT — NTBafnafa (/cs). Aёy і ёёбmёTЇёбTaa^ёy ёnїTёйgTaa^u Тёёбтёп'и 1АЁ-6 ё 1AN-6 n Tёёбт6T0T^anaaёTё. ITё0^a^^ua aaTTQa Taбaaaouaaёёnй n ЇбёTa^a^ёaT TaoTaTa Ta-oa^aoё^anёTё n0a0ёn0ёёё ё ЇбTaбaTT^uб ЇбTaOёOTa Statistica ё Stat Graph.
DAgOЁUOAOO Ё I ANO^AA Г ЁА
Aёaтaтё nTnoaa dTaa Trachelomonas
a aтaтaїaб Iїnётaт 1дёёдой0иу
ё aaT дтёи a oTdЇёdTaa^ёё oaёnT^T Ї ё+anёTaT nTnoaaa yaaёa^ёa
A ^anoтyйaa aBaly a aTaTaTaб Tтnётё TaёanOё auyaёa^T 225 aёaTa yaaёa^Tauб, To-^Tnyйёбny ё 26 BTaaT [7]. DTao Trachelomonas Їбё^aaёaжaO 54 aёaa, ёёё 24,0 % To TaйaaT aёaTa aTaTalTa I ШёТё Taёa-
noё. Aa^^uё BTa nTббa^yao aaa0йaa пёТ-ffia^ёa a aTaTaTaб бag^uб ЇбёбTa^uб gTT.
A TanёaaTaa^^uб ТйТё aTaTaTaб ^жпё ^a-n0ё I ШёТё Taёan0ё TaTaBoffiaTu 35 aёaTa aaTTTaT BTaa. Ёg Тёб йЄУ ^жпё ёanтnoaїё ToTa^aTT 27 aёaTa (50,0 % To aёaTaTaT nT-noaaa BTaa a aTaTaTaб Taёan0ё), йЄУ noa-
їё — 26 aёaTa (4B,1 %). laйёTё йЄУ Оёй-ga^^uб 0aббё0Tбёё yaёy^ony 1B aёaTa, ёёё 33,3 %.
AunTёёa ЇTёagaOaёё anoBa^aaT Tn0ё ga-бaaёnoбёбTaa^u йЄУ aёaTa T. siberica — 25 % aTaTalTa ё 10 % iBTa, T. cervicula ё
T. crebea — 45 % aTaTalTa ё 20 % iBTa.
EBTTa oTaT, aunTёay ^anoToa an0бa^aaTm0ё (40—100 %) a їбaaaёaб тaaёб 0aббё0Tбёё бaбaё0aб^a ёTa^^T aёy ё^oaбgT^aёй^uб йё-aTa: T. volvocina, T. volvocinopsis ё
T. hispida.
Dagёё^ёa aёaTauб nTnoaaTa ^жпё ёa-
nтnoaїё ё noaїё тїбaaaёy^o nїaoё6ё^^ua
aёau BTaa, ёT0Tбua ^ёaaa, ёбTTa NenaMuc oaббёoтбёё, aтёй0a ra anoBa^a^ony. Aёy
^жпё ёanтnoaїё yoT T. cylindracea ssp. punctata ё T. hexangulata ssp. polonica, йЄу aTaTalTa пШЄ — T. lacustris, T. manginii, T. siberica ё T. crebea. Aёau BTaa
Trachelomonas TaBaaTTlaBTT бanїбaaaёa^Q a aтaтaтaб ёnnёaaoaTuб 0aббё0Tбёё. Г йё-aтёaa aTaa0Qё aёaTaTё nTnoaa naTёn0aa^ TgaBaT ё nOaбёOaT ^жмё ёanтnoaїё ё noa-ЇЄ Taёan0ё (0aaё. 1).
Оааёёоа 1
AёaTaTё nTnoaa yaaёa^TaQб &a6дёёT^Tnдaa BTaa Trachelomonas
aTaTaЇTa f?aa I ЇnёTё твёдЛоё
AiaiaTQ K i ёё+anoa i Эей la Biaa Z/ahlmms a aTaTalaQ gTT ё ЇTagT^ Taeanoa
^ffiTay aaninoam noaЇй
laйaa +ёпё1 asaTa % To +8n6a a8aTa gTTQ laйaa ^ёНё i a8aTa % To +8n6a a8aTa gTTQ
I gaBa 1B 66,6 15 57,6
NoaбeOQ 13 4B,1 15 57,6
1 BoaQ, ёa^aaQ 10 30,0 12 46,1
ЁбсЮ0 4 14,B 6 23,0
I T ёTy66ёOёa^OO ^aёёaбa — 1 aёu-0aaa aёaTaua nTnoaau TgaB ^жпё noaїё ё
ёanтnoaїё nбтa^u ra oBTara к m = 0,2. Aёy
nOaбёO yoTo ЇTёaga0aёй BaaaT 0,3, aёy їбо-aTa ё ёa^aa — 0,5.
YёTётaт-QTтaaтaдaoё+anёёё a^aёёg aёaTauo nTnoaaTa yaaёa^тaQб юa6oёёT^Tnдaa dTaa Trachelomonas a Ta Ta Ї Ta I ЇПЄє ё їаЄтдтВйб aтaтaї Ta fzaa I їnёTё Taёanдё I бё oaёnт^Tтё-anёTт a^aёёga aQyaёa-tq TnTTaTua gaёт^ттaб^тnoё anoбa^aaтmoё ё rnTaaM Шё бanїбaaaёa^ёy _0бaбaёиT^a-nTa a бag^тoёї^Qб aтaтaтaб. laёoa^ёa TnT-
aaё a бagёё^^Qб aёT0Tїaб, TanTlTaTTT, ya-ёyaony aaffiTul gaaTTl a gттaaтaбa6ё^anётё ё yётётaё^anётё бaбaёoaбёnoёёa aёaтa ё To-
Baffiaao oбтaa^й ёб yётётaё^anётё aaёa^o^т-noё [B; 10; 12]. Nбaaё yaaёa^тaQб ffiaooёёт-1 Tnoaa BTaa Trachelomonas a gaaёnёTTn0ё to тaёoa^ёy a aтaтaтaб бag^Qб oёїтa tt®-tt aQaaёё0й oбё yётётaё^anёёa aбoїїQ йє-
aTa:
1) уавёдТ)1йа аёай, бanїбTnoбa^a^^ua a aтaтaтaб бag^Qб oёїтa n aQnтёёT oBTa-TaT yётётaё^anётё aaёa^o^тnoё;
2) ПдаїТдТЇійа аёай, Bam'BTnoBaTaT-Tua a aтaтaтaб тїбaaaёa^^тaт oёїa, o. a. n
144
ААЙОГЁё 1TBaTanёTaT orёaaBnёйaйa j 2010 j 1 1
^ёgёёт oBTafaT yёTёTaё-anёTё aaёa^0^Tn-oS;.
3) їaQTдTЇ^ua аёай, ЇбTyaёy^йёa Bag-fo^ ЇбёOбT-affmOй ё aTaTaTaT бag^Qб oe-ЇTa, nT nBaafeT oBTafaT yёTёTaё-anёTё aa-
ёa^o^тnoё.
Aeau, тo^тnyйёany ё yaBeoNfQT, -anor
yaёy^0ny 6TTTaQTe ё aTT efeBo^e T ё. йеїе-м yaBeoNfQT aeaTT yaёyaony, fa-ЇбёTaб T. volvocina, Bam'BmoBafaf Тиё a aтaтaтaб anaб gTf I ттё тaёanoё. Aёy aT-aTaTTa ^жгтё ёanтnoaїё бaбaёoaб^Q aaayoй noa^тoтї^Qб aeaia BTaa, тaёoa^йёб a Tn-fTafTT a Tgaбaб e тonoonoao^йёб a anoa-noaa^^Qб тaёQб aтaтaтaб. A noaїё oбaбa-
ёTтT^anQ бaбaёOaб^Q йЄУ TgaB, тaёQб aT-
aTaTTa e noaBeo. Оеїе-гите TagToNfQTe aeaaie йєу тaaёб oaббёoтбёё yaёy^ony
T. hispda ё T. caudata, ёT0TбQa a gaaeneTT-noe To Oёїa aTaTaTa eia^o Bagfua ЇTёaga-oaae oBTafy yёTёTaё-anёTё aaёa^0^Tn0ё.
lnTaa^^Tnдё аётётаёё ё юёдГёГГтат дёёёa yaaёaїтaaб cєa6дёёTfTnдaa dTaa Trachelomonas
Yaaёa^тaQa жaooёёTfmOQ BTaa Tra-chelomonas yaёy^ony naTaTaBagf иТё a aeT-ёTaё-anёTт nтQnёa TBaafegT aT ё — naTaTa-^Tffiёaoйётё тaёoaoaёyтё aafoTna e їёa^ё-oTfa aTaTaTTa. OaёT (TTfaaa) gaёё^-afT a aттёё-бaётaё^ёo. A gaaeneTTnoe to ёт^ь oBaoee aёaбTTёёnё жaёaga a aTaa aTaTaTa aTT ёёё eTa^o Bagfo^ TёбanёO: To naaOёT-aT oaT ^T-ёTбё-^aaTё. ЇTaaбб^TnOй aT Тёёд TTffiao aQ0й aёaaёTё ёёaт n aQBTnoaTe a aeaa 0ёїёётa, ot^, BaaaB, aoaтбётa e o. a., -ot yaёyaony aeam'aoe6e-fQT їбёg^aёTт. Dagёё-^a ё 6TBTa aTтёёTa: oaBTaeafay,
aaBaoafTaeafay, тaaёй^ay e aB. [7]. Nenoa-тaOё-anёёт Їбёg^aёTт yaёyaony 6TBT a e aaёё-ё^a aтбёQ0ёa — no^arey їaбaa^aaт ёт^ aттёёa. 6aaб^Qё an'aBao їбaanoaa-ёa^ TafeT yaBTT n oa^0бaёй^QT yaBQ0-ёТ T. iBenoonoao^o ana mfTafQa Tбaa^aёёQ, n^noaaf fua 6ToTo6T6T Q t yaaёafёaaт.
I ёТёТ ffiaooёётaтaт ToaaBnoey бanїTёaaaao-ny ёбan^ay noeaTa, ёT0Tбay їт noa'fafe yбёт-noe aaбйёбoaony o бag^Qб aeaia oбaбaёTтT-fanTa. InfTafQi gaїana^йёт aaйanoaтl yaёyaony їaбaтёёT^ a aeaa aёanoyйёб ga-Baf TёбOaёTё, їaёT-ёTaёa^Tё ёёё Taaёй^Tё 6TBTQ. EBTTa faaT, ЇбёnOOnoaO^O ё aBoaSa
gaїana^йёa aaйanoaa, fa'fBeTaB aёёётaa^ e
ёёЇёaQ. Aёy aaffTaT BTaa yaaёa^TaQб 6й-бaёoaб^т aanїтётa BagnTffiafea, ёёё aaaiT-aTfey.
la TnfTaa ёaaTбaOTб^Qб yёnїaбёШOTa
a onётaёyб тёёбтaёaaбёOтa fai oaaётnй OOT-^ёOй TnTaaffTnoe ffiegfaffTaT Oёёёa OбaбaёTт TfanTa Ta ЇбёTaбa T. volvocina.
YoT ёanaaony тnтaa^^тnoaё aaёa^ёy e 6tb-TeBTaafey f тaQб aт-aб^ёб тnтaaё. їт Ta-йaїбё^yoQт їбaanoaaёa^ёyт [1; 14], aaёa-fea TTfaa ЇбTёnбTaёO a тaoaбё^nёTт aTTe-ёa, їтnёa -aaT Tara eg aaoб тaбagтaaa0ёбny aт-aб^ёб тnтaaё meaaao aai e noBTeo nia-noaa^^Qё. fai oaaётnй aQyn^ёOй, -ot a on-ёTaёyб тёёбTaёaaбёOтa їбе t = 20—25 °N o T. volvocina aaёa^ёa e TaBagTaaTea їтє-^тn0й^ n6TбтёбTaaa0ёбny ёёaoTё TTffiao
тnoйanoaёyoйny oBaiy їooyтё.
/aвaUё' Їоди — T TTToT T ey n TaBagTaa-feai aaoб aт-aб^ёб тnтaaё a тaoaбё^nёTl aттёёa, їтnёa -aai Tara тnтaй Tnoaaony e ёnїTёйgoao aaT ёaё nтanoaa^^Qё, a aoTBay aQбтaёo a aiao. AQёay eg TaoaBe^TaT aттёёa, aT-aBfyy тnтaй, a oa-area aaoб-oбaб nooтё aёOёa^т 6тoтnё^oagёбoy, gfa-e-oaёй^т oaaёё-ёaaao gaїan gaBaf їaбaтёёT^a, ётoтбQa gafeia^o oбaoй тaйaтa ёёaoёe (3-ё ёёann ^aёTїёa^ёy), Tnaaaao fa afT, Тё-бoaёyaony e їбёёбaїёyaony ё noanoBaoo.
^тnёa їбёёбaїёa^ёy aaffay тnтaй fa--efaao 6Tбтёбтaaoй nтanoaa^^Qё aттёё. Onётa^т yoo noaae^ tq fagQaaaT їбёёбa-ЇёOaёй^Tё. ETaaa aTтёё n6TбтёбTaa^ ^aїT-ёTaё^O, T. volvocina ^aїTTё^aao ffiaooёёT-TTnoa Ascoglena viridis [4; 14]. Yoo noaae^ ЇTёOaTтёёa TQ fagQaaaT anёTaёa^^Tё. Ї T-noбTёёa aттёёa gaaaб0aaony TaBagTaafeai aтбёQ0ёa a aeaa Tёбoaётaт ooтёйa^ёy. АТбёи0ёТ Tёaётёyao ToaaBnoea ffiao0ёётaт-aT BagaBaoaBa, eg ёTOTбTaT aQбTaёO ж^её. Yoo noaae^ tq TaTgfa-aaT ёaё noaae^ їтє-
fTaT aттёёa.
AдTвTё Їоди — TaoaBe^ay TTfaaa meaaao nтanoaaffQё aттёё e aaёёony a їбтaтёйfтт faїбaaёafёё naaббo afeg a naT-aтafтїёaaa^йaт nTnoTyfee. A бagOёйoaoa TaBago^ony aaa aT-aBfea TnTae, ёaжaay eg ёTOTбQб noBTeo aT T ёё TЇёnaffQT Bafaa
nїтnтaтт.
Оввдёё Їоди — тaoaбёfnёay TTfaaa aaёёony a nTanoaaffTT aттёёa, a gaoai TaBa-gTaaa0eany TnTae їTёёaa^o aaT e aQ0aтїё-naffQT пїтпізтt TaBago^o nTanoaaffQa.
OaёёT TaBagTT, fa їбёTaбa T. volvocina
tq aїaбaQa їTёagaёё, -ot aaffTio aeao
naTёnoaaffa ITTToTTey n бagёё-fQTё moy-
t e їбтoaёafёy.
Aёy T. volvocina a onёTaёyб TёёбTaё-aaBeoTa faie aQёa їTёagafa TfTffianoaaf-fay T Tf ToT T ey. 1 TfToTTey ё aa ЇбTOaёa-fea gaaeneo to faёTїёafёy a aaёyйaёny ёёaoёa їaбaтёёTfa. AT-aBfea Tniae їaбaa ёaжaтё aafaбaOёaё (ToTa-afQ -aouBa aafa-Baoee, o. a. тaёnётaёйfтa -ЄпЄТ TaBago^-йёбny aт-aбfёб тnтaaё — 16) Banooo e ga-їana^o їaбaтёёTf e 0TёйёT їтnёa їтnёaafa-
Йааёу «Аётётаё+апеёа гаоеё»
145
aT aaeafey fa-efa^o Ta6a?Tauaaou aTieee. YoT yaeafea iQ fagQaaai i fTffianoaaf fTe iTfToTieae. I Ta Toee-aaony To laeefoTiee oai, -oT a 6a?6euoaoa aa fa Ta6a?6aony a8a-faffay eTeTfey ITnea eaaaTaT aaeafey eeaoee aanoTayony, a ITnea ITneaafaaT — 6T6ie66^o nTanoaaffQa aTieee. A l6T6an-na yaTe^oee i f Tffianoaa ffay iTfToTi ey, aa-8Tyof T, iTaea aaou fa-aeT raeefoTie-aneT-i6 aaeafe^. AaffTa yaeafea a Ia6a6^ T-a-aaau Toaaffiaaony fa nagTffQ6 egiafafey6 a ffiegfaffTi oeeea oaaoaeTiTfaa, a eiaffT fa aTgaanoafee -eneaffTnoe a oareTa aaaiy aTaa.
Nag^ Т f fua yaea fey а юед їа ї ї Т і
оеееа аеаТа дТаа Trachelomonas
е ео еїаееаоТдїйа ТпТааїїТпое
NagTffay aefaieea -eneaffrnoe aQea eg6-afa fa raeiaaa T. hispida, T. volvocina e T. volvocinopsis. ITnoalaffTa faaanoafea naaafae -eneaffTnoe 6eagaffQ6 aeaTa fa--efaaony n araaey, aanoao a oa-afea e^fy e e^ey e aQnTee6 gfa-afee amoeaaao a aaa6-noa. AoTaTe ree 6aaee-afey -eneaffTnoe l6e6Taeony fa Teoyaau. A oa-afea fTya8y -eneaffTnou oaa6aeTiTfaa aQnoaT e gaeTn-TaSTT nfeffiaaony, raaay aT iefemia a aa-eaaaa, eTaaa Tfe Taaag6^o geuea oenoQ ITeTy.
O eg6-affQ6 aeaTa anou efaeaea6aeu-f Qa TnTaaffTnoe aefaieee -eneaffTnoe. Oae, -eneaffTnou T. hispida feffia, -ai T. volvocina, -oT TnTaaffT gafaofT a laaeTa TnaffaaT iaenei6ia. lafaeT faaya6 n yoei yaeafeyie 6 T. volvocina e T. hispida aQ-yaeafa mTaaffmou, naygaffay n nagTffTe niafTe eTeaeegaoee a aTaTaia. Oae, n a'l'aa-ey їТ aaa6no yoe aeaQ laae 16Danoaaf fT anoaa-a^ony a reafeoTfa aTaTaiTa, aaa e6 -eneaffTnou iTnoaraffT aTgaanoaao. N naaa-aefQ aaa6noa їт Teoyaau e6 -eneaffTnou a reafeoTfa aageT raaaao, fT 6aaee-eaaaony raen6onoaea a aafoma aTaTaiTa. A fTyaaa -eneaffTnou oaa6aeTiTfanTa e a aafoTna, e a reafeoTfa nTeaaaaaony aT iefemia. gei-iaa aaaiy oaa6aeTiTfanQ raTaTayo a oe-noa6 neTy a eea aTaTaiTa.
Egiafafea -eneaffTnoe oaa6aeTiTfaa raTen6Taeo rTa aeeyfeai aaeToe-anee6 e aeToe-anee6 6aeoTaTa. Yot Naoaaaffiaaaony
iaaeaffQi aTnoTi -eneaffTnoe aanfTe, e aa rTfeffiafeai a naaaaefa eaoa. Anee 6-eoQ-
aaou aaenoaea oTeueT aaeToe-anee6 6aeoT-
aTa, ot eTae-fT raaarTeTffieou n6DanoaTaa-^ea gfa-eoaeufTaT їт aQnToa eaofaaT їeea. lafaeT Tf Ton6onoa6ao, -oT naygafT n Taeeu-fQi aagifTffiafeai ieeaTTaaafegiTa, TnT-aaffT gaeafQ6 aTaTaTneae, eTfe6aea6^De6 n oaa6aeTiTfanaie ga ianoa Taeoafey, a oae-ffia aagaeoeai TaaafegiTa, enNeug6^De6 oaa6aeTiTfaa a їєо6.
infTafTe gTfTe aanїaтnoaafafey oaa-6aeTiTfaa yaeyaony їaeaaaffifay -anou aTaTaiTa n ae6aefTe 50 ni e iafaa. lafaeT gaanu neagQaaaony aeT0Tїe-aneay faaaafT-oaffTnou. Oae, oaa6aeTi TfaaQ anoaa-a^ony aaefe-fT a aeT0Tїa6 n їan-afQl aa6foTi, a faeaTeueaa e6 eTee-anoaT faae^aaaony fa eeenoQ6 aa6foa6 n ToeTffiafeai aaoaeoa e їaтegaanoa^йae aTafTe aanoeoaeufmou^.
faniToay fa TofTneoaeufT fege6^ iaT-a6eoeafTnou, 6aaaeoaa agaeiTaaenoaey yoTe aa6NQ їaaae-fQ6 їaтa6бafoтa n aa6aeie eaoaaTaeyie TaaafegiTa aanuia aeoeaaf, -ot aQyaeyaony їae eg6-afee oaT6e-anee6 nay-gae. A aag6euoaoa enneaaTaafee a I'aeaTaa e e6euo6aaeufQ6 6neTaey6 aQeT 6noafTaea-fT, -oT oaa6aeTi TfaaQ ne6ffiao i^ae aey T-afu ifTae6 aeaTa ffieaTofQ6, T0fTnyйe6ny e naiQi aagfTTaaagfQi nenoaiaoe-aneei
aa6їїa^: aiaa Amoeba proteus, A. limax, Arcella vulgaris, Difflugia sp.; ef66gTaee Dileptus anser, Stylonychia mytilus, Vorticella campanula, faeToTaQ6 aeaTa Rotatoria, їaanfтaтafQ6 TeeaT6ao aTaa Stylaria, aa6fee e бeeeтїтa, iaeueTa eaa-NaQ6 aQa (eaaany, їeTOaQ) e aTeTaanoeeTa eya60ae.
Oaa6aeTi TfanQ, eae e ifTaea aa6aea aeaQ 6ToToaT6fQ6 yaaeafea, aaafT enїTeu-g6^ony a ea-anoaa TaaafegiTa — efaeeaoT-aTa naїaтafтnoe aTaQ a aTaTaia6. laneaaT-aaffQa faie aTaTaiQ їТ aeaTaTi6 nTnoaad oaa6aeTiTfaa iT^fT Tofanoe e a- e в iagT-naїaтafQl. NїTnTafTnOu oaa6aeTi TfanTa e niafa eTeaeegaoee To їeafeOTffTe e aaf-oTnf Te iTffiao aQou enїTeugTaafa e aey Toafee gaaaygfaf fTnoe eea aTaTaiTa, fT aaffQe anїaeo oaaa6ao aaeufaeeaaT ennea-aTaafey.
AEAEETADAOExANEEE nIenTe
1. ATaaeuA-A. Taйay їaToenoTeTaey / A. A. ATaaeu. — 1. : NTa. ra6ea, 1951. — 603 n.
2. ^aaef A. E. laoTaeea eg6-arey aTffTe 6a6rQ aTaTaiTa e yeTeTaee aTrfQo aanїтgaтrт--
TQo / A. E. ^aaef // ^egfu їaanrQo aTa. — 1. ; E., _ 1956. — O. 4, -. 1. — N. 279—382.
3. EaQiTa N. A._ NoaTarea eeaoee їaToenoTa / N. A. EaaїTa. — NTa. : OANNA, 2001. — 384 n.
4. Eeoa-r-aa N. O. Aoean yaaearTaQc ffia6oeeTrTnбaa aTaTaiTa TineTe Taeanoe e naaaafTaT Ea-gaQnoaTa / N. O. EeQa-aa. — Tine : TiAI'O, 1999. — 160 n.
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5. Eeoa-aa N. O. I TeSTau yaaeaTTauo ffiaOoeeTTTnOaa / N. O. Eeoa+aa // 1 aoTaTeTaey e laoTaeea anoanoaaTTuo TaOe. — Ilne, 1998. — AuT. 3. — N. 42—67.
6. Eeoa-aa N. O. Nenoala yaaeaTTauo ffiaOoeeTTTnOaa : aen. ... a-Sa aeTe. TaOe / N. O. Eeoa-
+aa. — NTa., 2000. — 465 n.
7. Eeoa-aa N. O. YaaeaTTaua aTaTalTa IlneTe Taeanoe / N. O. Eeoa+aa. — Ilne : Ega-aT I lATC,_ 1997. — 242 n.
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962 n.
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f. O. DaelaSn, A. A. BaeTeTa. — E. : laTnaauaTea, 1988. — 144 n.
11. NooaTTaa E. ! . OaM'aaaoOaTua aaaToaoee O TSTnoaeaeo / E. 1. NOoaTTaa. — E. : faOea,
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13. Ehrenberg Ch. G. Dritter Beitragen zur Erkenntniss der grossen Organisation in der Richtung
des Kleinsten Raumes / Ch. G. Ehrenberg // Abhandl. Akad. Berlin, jahr 1833. — D. 145—336.
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15. Michajlow W. Euglenoidina parasitie in Copepoda / W. Michajlow // Polish. Academy of Seien. polon., 1972. — 244 a.
ITnooYeea 19.12.09.
NlNOlBf EA DANODN lA lf AAODU ONDATRA ZIBETHICA LINNAEUS, 1766 gAlAAJ l_E BEOOEE E IDExE fu Nf E^A f EB AAQAAlOlAlE
A. O. Naaaeeuaa, f. I. laTeTVuaa
A noaoua TTenaTT nTnoTyTea aanOanTa TTaaoSu Ta oaaaeoTSee QaTaaTTe BeOoee. Onoa-TTaeaTT, +oT aey OnTaaTTaT aaglTTffiaTey ffieaToTTaT a SaaeTTa nOuanoaO^o ana TaTa-oTaelua OneTaey. Aaeaaony auaTa, +oT nTeffiaTea gaaToTaTe 0eOSTe TTaaoSu naygaTT n TonOonoaeal nTSTna O TanaeaTey e TegeTe gaeOTT+TTe OaTu.
Aeeee l aoegeSTaa T T ay TTaaoSa a BeO-oee yaeyaony nalul lannTaul TSTluneT-aul aeaTl a eTee+anoaaTTTl ToTT0aTee, ga-Tela^uel aoTSTa lanoT TTnea nTaTey TT noTelTnoe TTeO+aalTe TSTaOeoee. faeaTeu-0ee OaaeuTue aan TTa elaao a gaTaaTuo SaeTTao (oaae. 1). A nayge n Talaoea0aeny n 1986 a. oaTaaTOeae nTeffiaTey gaaToTaTe 0eOSTe TTaaoSu a QaTaaTTe BeOoee a 1988, 1990—1992, 2003 e 2008—2009 aa. fa aTaT-alao SaaeTTa auee TSTaaaaTu O+aoTua Sa-aTou.
QaTaaTay (Aee^eneay) aSOTTa SaeTTTa (AaSoTaaee^eneee, Aee^eneee, _ f^SaeT-neee, NOToaSneee, 1 eSTeTneee e ETayeneee, SanTTeTffiaT T ua Ta eaaTaaSaffiua S. Earn) gaTelaao oaSSeoTSe^ aannaeTa S. Aee^e e
+anoe+TT — S. EaTu. Eeelao SaaeTTa Ola-SaTTue, ganO0eeaue. NSaaTaaTaTaay oalTa-SaoOSa aey TTn. NOToaS SaaTa -7,9 °N, f ^S-
au------8,9 °N, Aee^enea-------9,2 °N, a aanT-
e^oma leTelOlu — -63 °N, -62 °N e -63 °N nTToaaonoaaTTT. I STaTeffieoaeuTTnou aaglTSTgTTaT TaSeTaa a gaaenelTnoe To lano-Tuo OneTaee eTeaaeaony To 55 aT 100 aTae. I aSeTa n OnoTe+eaul nTaffiTul TTeSTaTl aeeony aTeaa 7 lanyoaa. AunToa nTaffiTTaT TTeSTaa e eTTOO gelu a gaueuaTTuo To aaoSa lanoao aTnoeaaao 40—60 nl. ATaTaay nOlla TnaaeTa 200—300 ll [2].
O+aoTule SaaToale auea Toaa+aTa oaS-SeoTSey Tyoe SaeTTTa eaaTaaSaffiuy S. Ea-Tu — AaSoTaaee^eneTaT, Aee^eneTaT, f^SaeTneTaT, NOToaSneTaT, ETayeneTaT,
© A. O. Naaaeeuaa, f. I. I STeTTuaa, 2010
Naaey «AeT eTae^aneea faoee»
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