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Mirzayeva M. G. teacher
Samarkand School of Law
EFFECTIVE WAYS OF IMPROVING SPEAKING SKILLS AND COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE
Annotation. This article informs about several strategic and effective methods and ways of developing oral speech and communication. Furthermore, it includes some specialists" ideas and theories on a particular topic. Using and taking into consideration these ways given below will be helpful during teaching and learning process of communication skills.
Key words: communicative competence, interpersonal communication, EFL speakers, barrier, alternative, student-centered strategies, classroom partner.
It is essential to point out that oral speech, especially effective public speaking skills are as important as other skills and they form an integral part of interpersonal communication. It also plays a great role in developing social, emotional and communicative learning. You might not be a specialist or professional public speaker, but enabling these skills will always be helpful for you at any kind of condition during the life time and educational period of your life. Furthermore, especially having a perfect speaking skill help you to boost your confidence, to be more clear and understandable for the audience or listener, to win people's hearts and communicate effectively among people at any status. Speaking is one of the difficult skills in second language teaching and learning process. Teaching speaking is a productive skill that is generally considered to be difficult to learn, as it needs rigorous practice and strong determination to achieve high proficiency. During an interaction, a speaker has to pay attention to planning, editing, re-correcting and simplifying the utterances so as to achieve the speaking ability. Speaking also involves pronunciation, intonation; stress patterns and mastering these prosodic features can be a difficult task for non-native speakers of English Nobody can be a perfect speaker in a day. It demands for people to have experience, patience, research and hard work to be master on this skill. Undoubtedly, the problem of poor speaking ability is one of the most crucial problems throughout the world. So that nowadays to enhance learners' speaking ability these steps are being taken into consideration gradually among teachers and instructors: [1:39,89-102];
Emphasize on the quality of study books at the basic level; Give enough time to speaking and phonetic drill of students themselves; Provide for creating friendly atmosphere between students and teachers; Using practical and Student -Centered strategies and activities during the classes; Develop the feeling of confidence in students to ask any kind of questions which are unfamiliar or
challenging for them; Keep the balance on the amounts of learners in the auditory not overcrowded atmosphere; Award and motivate learners; Encourage students to be aware of daily news on BBC and CNN Organize events dedicated to literature and great poets works.
If teachers take these rules into consideration and try to use them in their work, they will be able to built or create communicative competence of EFL speakers and develop their speaking ability. Analyzing these strategies, it becomes a clear that it is not so difficult as it is seen. Learners,themselves can improve English speaking skills without a classroom partner or stressful lessons. It's totally possible to have fun and master speaking a language at the same time. In order to express yourself eloquently in English, you need a wide variety of vocabulary and the correct pronunciation [2;33-34]:
Expand your vocabulary. Learn New Words Every Day.
Gleaning new words day in, day out is a good way to widen your vocabulary. Commit to a suitable target: it can be three daily words or it can be ten daily words. Even if you only have time to learn one new word per day, it is still worth trying. By learning one word every day, after one year you will have learned 365 new English words. Write the number down to remind yourself frequently. If you have a learning partner, share it with her so that she can check on your progress. Some good resources for words are the news, songs and TV shows, depending on your daily habits. If you love listening to music, pay attention to the lyrics and take note of the words you do not know. Songs often contain a lot of useful vocabulary, phrases and expressions, therefore, they are great for learning English.
Learn Words in Phrases and Chunks.
It is important that you learn words in groups. For example, you refer to beverages as a glass of wine, a pint of beer, a cup of tea, a pot of coffee, etc. It is better to learn those phrases than merely wine, beer, tea and so on. You can also benefit from learning words that are related. The moon has four phases during a lunar month: crescent, gibbon, waxing and waning. It is more efficient to learn all four words at the same time.
Improve your pronunciation.
You might know a lot of words, but if you fail to say them correctly, you will not be understood. That seems like a waste of the time spent on remembering words, right? When using online dictionaries such as Macmillan and Merriam-Webster, make use of the little speaker symbol to check the pronunciation of any word that you are not sure about. There are English pronunciation tutorials on YouTube or podcasts like English Pronunciation Pod or American and British English Pronunciation to teach you the many aspects of both English pronunciations.
When you are ready for something more challenging, try out tongue twisters. Some examples are available here. Learning proper English pronunciation is essential for excelling in conversations with English speakers
and even in situations in school or at work. Learn the natural flow of English. Being able to say individual words correctly is great, but the secret of speaking fluently in English lies in the flow of sentences. Whenever you read a piece of poetry, listen to a melodic song or watch a short comedy, pay attention to the following:
Linking. Notice how native speakers link words together: joining two sounds, making a sound to disappear or changing a sound for a better flow. Contractions. Contractions are shortened forms of two words. For example:
I + am = I'm; he + will = he'll; they + have = they've; do + not = don't
Stress. There are stressed syllables in a word and stressed words in a sentence.
Rhythm. The rhythm is the overall result of stress, contractions and linking. It is the ups and downs, the musical feature of English.
Make your speech confidentially
One of the biggest barriers to developing English speaking skills is confidence. It is certainly something that all language learners have difficulty with and one of the best ways to overcome this is to get out there and practice. If you think you've got what it takes, then get out there and practice English with strangers!
Self-talk
Talk to yourself in English loudly. It can be anything from a suggestion like, "Shall we go get a glass of water?" or a reminder, "I need to do a load of laundry today." Alternatively, pick up a book and read a couple of pages out loud. This exercise might slow down your reading, but it will speed up your speaking skills. You can also record yourself, listen to the recording and watch out for any wrong pronunciations. If it is possible, ask for feedback from a native speaker. According to Haynes, Fluency in speaking needs language knowledge and ability to process information and language spontaneously without much effort. The essential elements for speaking fluently are as follows: Connected speech: Effective speakers need to be able not only to produce the individual phonemes of English (as in saying I would have gone) but also to use fluent 'connected speech' (as in I've gone). In connected speech sounds are modified (assimilation), omitted (elision), added (linking), or weakened (through contractions and stress patterning). We should involve students in activities designed specifically to improve and use the connected speech. Expressive devices: Native speakers of English change the pitch and stress of utterances, change volume and speed, and show by other physical and nonverbal (paralinguistic) in face-to-face conversations. The use of these devices contributes to the ability to convey meaning and message of the speaker. Students must be able to use at least some of the supra segmental features and devices if they are to be fully effective communicators. Lexis and grammar: Spontaneous speech is spoken by using a number of common lexical phrases, particularly in the performance of certain language functions. Teachers should
therefore use a variety of phrases for different functions such as agreeing or disagreeing, expressing surprise, shock, or approval. Where students are conversing in specific speaking contexts such as a job interview, we can train them in the same way, with certain useful phrases which they can produce at various stages of a conversation. Negotiation language: Effective speaking benefits from the negotiation of language we use for clarification and to show what we are saying [3;40];
As a conclusion, it is so crucial to state that all of these points given above demand for learners and teachers special attention and practice. There are absolutely huge numbers of structures, strategies and explanations on the development of communication skills, especially for speaking, but the most important thing is to make an appropriate choice in this sphere.
References:
1.Haynes, W.L. Public speaking pedagogy in the media age. Communication Education: Cambridge,1990- 39,89,101p
2.Hugenberg, L. W. Teaching and directing the basic communications course. Dubuque, IA: Kendall,1993-33-34p
3.Jones, F.H. Positive classroom instruction. Mc-Graw-Hill: New York,1987-40p
