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Section 1. Visual, decorrative and applied arts - European Journal of Arts 4 (2021) - ISSN 2310-5666 -
Раздел 1. Изобразительное и декоративно-прикладное искусство
Section 1. Visual, decorrative and applied arts
UDC:75/071/1+75/054](477) «195/198»:378.046(477.54) KhSADA DOI: 10.29013/EJA-21-4-3-8
М. M. KOVALOVA, 1 Ye. A. FEDIUN 1
1 Kharkiv State Academy of Design and Arts, (Kharkiv, Ukraine)
EDUCATIONAL PAINTING WORKS OF STUDENTS OF THE OUTSTANDING UKRAINIAN ARTIST BORYS KOSAREV IN THE1950s - 1970s
Abstract.
The purpose of the study is an analysis of the educational painting works of senior courses students of the Ukrainian painter Borys Kosarev at the Kharkiv Institute of Arts and Crafts (now - Kharkiv State Academy of Design and Arts -KhSADA) to expand the pattern of Ukrainian painting growth in 1950 s-1970 s.
Methods: System-comparative and art-historical methods were used to conduct the analysis.
Results: The analyzed academic works of KhAII students of 1950 s-1970 s, which are introduced into scientific circulation at first, are an important methodological and artistic heritage of the Ukrainian culture of 1950 s-1970 s.
Practical significance. The results can be used in further research on the history and theory of Ukrainian art, in particular the development of the Kharkiv Art School.
Scientifuc novelty: The analyzed works from the KhSADA art pool were introduced into the scientific circulation for the first time. The majority of the paintings need to be restorated. The investigated academic works prove a high level of training in the academic painting ofthe KhAII students of different specializations in the 1950 s-1970 s that subsequently had a positive impact on their creative and pedagogical activities as well as the development of the Kharkiv Art School.
Background. The Ukrainian painter Borys Kosarev was a lecturer at the Kharkiv Institute of Arts and the Kharkiv Institute ofArts and Crafts (now KhSADA), the painter filled the educational process with the latest author's techniques based on the principles oftheatrical and decorative art, which enriched the range ofacademic tasks. The academy collection keepsunique two-figure thematic canvases of1950 s-1970 s, demonstrating the development ofUkrainian easel painting.
The aim of the study is to analyze the educational work of students of the Kharkiv Art and Industrial Institute -KhAII (now Kharkiv State Academy of Design and Arts - KhSADA) to identify new trends in Ukrainian painting in the 1950 s-1970 s.
Keywords: academic painting, Kharkiv art school, Borys Kosarev.
For citation: M. M. Kovalova, Ye. A. Fediun. Educational Painting Works of students of the Outstanding Ukrainian Artist Borys Kosarev In The1950 s - 1970 s // European Journal of Arts, 2021, №4. - C. 3-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29013/EJA-21-4-3-8
European Journal of Arts 4 (2021)
I PREMIER
ISSN 2310-5666
Section 1. Visual, decorrative and applied arts
The study uses system-comparative and mysterious methods for analysis
Results. A significant number of the works of art, kept in the archive of KhSADA, were made under the supervision of an outstanding Kharkiv Cubo-Futurist painter, professor of painting and "theatrical and decorative arts" - Borys Kosarev (1879-1994). In 1949, the painter moved to Kharkiv and began working at the Kharkiv Institute of Arts and later - at the Kharkiv Institute ofArts and Crafts as an associate professor, and since 1952,- as a professor at the Painting Department [2]. Until 1967, together with associate professor Dmytro Ovcharenko (1906-1967), he ruled a studio of theatrical and decorative painting and continued his pedagogical work for the rest of his life. After the institute reorganization, starting in 1965, Kosarev worked at the newly created department of "Interior and equipment" [5, P. 14].
The master's creative activity responded in his innovative and sometimes experimental teaching methods. "All disciplines: painting, composition, design, work in the material, marquetry and technology of painting -B. Kosarev taught creatively, interestingly, considering the specifics and specialties of future professionals. Kosarev considered tempera, mainly casein-oil, to be the best material to study painting and to make academic productions that would suit these specialties the best. Therefore, the created by him painting school is called the school of tempera painting" [5, P. 14].
The archive works show paintings oftalented fifth-year students [6]. Their analysis can show the young artists having mastered the skills of realistic reflection of the surrounding reality. Having studied the "academic painting" discipline, one could solve complex two figures productions in the interior with elements of still life [4, p. 143144]. A striking example of such a thematic production is the tempera canvas of the "theater and decorative faculty" student - Volodymyr Hrytsiuk (1943-?) [3] (now the painter of monumental and decorative art), which is first introduced into science (Pic. 1) [6]. The restraint and careful selection of visual aids of the work takes the romantic tendencies of Ukrainian realistic painting of the 19th century. The painter chose an upright format to depict two soldiers: a young one sitting with a gun and an elderly one. Their faces make an impression of internal force, showing their difficult life. The composition laconism and monochrome colors make the viewer comprehend the serious theme of war. The painter used planar processing of forms, hyperbolized the length of the arms, some face
details. These techniques are inherent to the "severe style" painting of the 1960 s. Thus, Hrytsiuk depicted convincingly the in-depth psychological image of the heroes, the emotional tension of a genre group portrait.
Picture 1. V. B. Hrytsiuk. The 5 year student. Group portrait. Not dated. Сanvas, tempera. 100 х 160 sm. Professor B. V. Kosarev. Fund KSADA. (inv. № 57).
Published for the first time
Considering the specifics of different University training programmes, Professor B. Kosarev chose interesting and meaningful thematic productions that broadened the horizons of any specialization students. This way, the teacher selected more monochrome productions and reduced the number ofdecorative elements for the monumental department students. For easel specialization, Kosarev made colored lighting and used ornamented fabrics and carpets, enriching the work with additional painting effects.
Picture 2. A. P. Mamontov. The 5 year student. Group portrait. Not dated. Сanvas, tempera. 106 х 165 sm. Professor B. V. Kosarev. Fund KSADA. (inv. № 48). Published for the first time
Section 1. Visual, decorrative and applied arts ■ j - ISSN 2
A color primer underpainting can be seenin the easel composition "Snegurochka" (in English: "the Snow Maiden"), the work of Alexander Mamontov (1928-?) [7] (Pic. 2) [6]. Borys Kosarev paid great attention to apainting basis: emulsion primers were prepared in a workshop directed by him. Often, following the staging tasks, students used colored primers of two types: of the work main color scheme or of the opposite spectrum colors, complementing the overall work coloring [5, P. 15].
The Mamontov work tends to illustration, strikes with "fabulousness" and genre. Elaboration of such a theatrical and decorative task, with the complicated lighting of nature, inspired students for a unique color search. The painter managed to convey the internal and external dialogue between the characters through a careful selection of visual aids: a beautiful solution ofsilhouettes and rhythms, exquisite silver color. The compositional structure is based on the "triangle" classical scheme, balanced on the picture plane and focused on the girl's figure. Sharp shadow parties of warm evening lighting emphasize the fragility of Snegurochka light figure, add lyrical and fabulous mood to the composition. With the help of tempera painting techniques, Mamontov minutely processes the shiny fabric of a man's suit with subtle shades of golden ocher and enriches the color scheme with bright accents of blue.
Costumed theatrical productions are widely represented in the KhSADA methodical archive. The composition "Skomorokhy" (in English: "Harlequins") came to us in several versions (Pic. 3, 4, 5) [6].
Picture 3. Unknown author. The 5thyear student. Two-figure composition "Skomorokhy". Not dated. Canvas,
tempera. 83 x 190 cm. Professor B. V. Kosarev. The fund of KSADA. (inv. № 708). Published for the first time
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The staging is characterized with the lighting specifics. It seems that the characters are on the stage, reading their dialogues under the bright spotlight rays, emphasizing their comic and dramatic character.
Picture 4. Unknown author. The 5thyear student. Two-figure composition "Skomorokhy". Not dated. Canvas,
tempera. 87 x 180 cm. Professor B. V. Kosarev. The fund of KSADA. (inv. № 709). Published for the first time
Picture 5. Unknown author. The 5thyear student. Two-figure composition "Skomorokhy". Not dated. Canvas,
tempera. 90 x 185 cm. Professor B.V. Kosarev. The fund of KSADA. (inv. № 702). Published for the first time
The canvas composition integrity is facilitated with the expressive figures arrangement. The color of the works is extremely rich in light, shadow and reflexes. The spaciousness of the evening light is concentrated on the models' faces and figures. The work of an unknown author stands out with greater artistic expressiveness, with
European Journal of Arts 4 (2021) - Section 1. Visual, decorrative and applied arts - ISSN 2310-5666 -
a more detailed elaboration of the heroes individual fea- ronment. The virtuoso combination of various rhythmic tures, which are favorably emphasized with decorative spots and additional colors enhances the decorative work elements of colorful costumes, enriching the depth of element. That is why a significant number of Professor the images perception (Pic. 3). The canvas of Pavlova Kosarev studio's student works were highly praised at the
final exhibitions, in particular, the painting competition among art universities (now Higher education institutions), at the Academy of Arts in 1954.
Conclusions. The study ofpainting at Kosarev's creative workshop provided for the consolidation of knowledge in the field of color, composition and technology of tempera painting. Each task had clearly defined goals: obtaining color unity in intense or monochrome compositions; obtaining maximum color depth; transfer of lighting features and materials textures; ability to depict ornamental motifs. Thus, B. Kosarev taught painting creatively, interestingly, considering the specifics of the future professionals' specialties ("Theatrical and decorative art", "Monumental and decorative painting", "Interior and equipment").
The analysis of the preserved two-figure paintings by V. Hrytsiuk, O. Mamontov, T. Pavlova and others, students of Professor B. Kosarev, speak for the innovative approach to academic productions. Portrait compositions differ in thematic design, genre diversity, theatricality in the models, costumes and lighting selection in general. The academic works of the KhSADA students of the 1950 s and 1970 s are a classic combination of a realple" woman, mocking a delicate boy in the likeness of istic human image and the formation of new plot-genre a rooster, is perceived as a complete genre work. The theatrical-decorative images. Portraits, which are intro-color scheme emphasizes the yellow and red costumes duced into scientific circulation, are the artistic heritage interpretation, contrasting with the green and blue envi- of Ukrainian painting of the 1950 s and 1980 s.
References
1. Astakhov V., Yarmysh O. Vydaiushchyesia pedahohy vysshei shkoly h. Kharkova [Outstanding teachers of the higher school of Kharkiv]. Biohrafychesky slovar. - Kharkov: Hlobus. 1998.- 104 p. (in Russian).
2. Bezkhutryi M. M. Hudozhnyky Kharkova [Kharkiv painters]. Dovidnyk.- Kharkiv: Prapor. 1967.- 175 p. (in Ukrainian).
3. Dziuba I., Romaniv O., Zhukovskkyi A. Entsyklopediia suchasnoi Ukrainy (Encyclopedia of modern Ukraine): -Vol. 20 t.- Kyiv: Instytutektsyklopedychnykh doslidzhen Natsionalnoi akademii nauk Ukrainy. 2014.- 712 p. East Lansing, MI. URL: https://esu.com.ua/ (in Ukrainian).
4. Kafedra zhyvopysu HDADM: traditsii ta suchasnist. (Department ofPainting KhSADA: Traditions and modernity). Upor.: B. Derkach M., Ghakchenko Yuvileinyi albom-katalog.- Kharkiv: KSADA. 2015.- 239 p. (in Ukrainian).
5. Konstantynov V. Profesor Kosarev i yoho shkola tempernoho zhyvopysu. (Professor Kosarev and his school of tempera painting) // Stanovlennia i rozvytok ta suchasni problemy vyshchoi khudozhnoi osvity khudozhno-promyslovoi osvity u Kharkovi: Tezy dopovidei Naukovo-metodychnoi konferentsii.- Kharkiv: KhKhPI 1997.-P. 13-16. (in Ukrainian).
6. Metodychnyi kataloh fondu KhSADA. "Maisternia B. V. Kosarev". Methodical catalog of the KSADA fund. "Workshop of B. V. Kosarev". (in Ukrainian).
looks not completed, its details are not subordinate to the general composition solution.
Picture 6. Unknown author. The 5thyear student. "Two-figure composition". Not dated. Canvas, tempera. 110 x 170 cm. Professor B. V. Kosarev. The fund of KSADA. (inv. № 646). Published for the first time
The "Jesters" costume production under the direction of B. Kosarev is endowed with even greater gro-tesqueness and humor (Pic. 6). The image of an "am-
Section 1. Visual, decorrative and applied arts - f^MIER European Journal of Arts 4 (2021) - ISSN 2310-5666 -
7. Osobysta sprava O. P. Mamontov. Dzherelna baza arkhivu KhSADA. (Personal file of O. P. Mamontov. Source database of the KhSADA archive). (in Ukrainian).
8. Sydorenko V. Khudozhnyky Ukrainy [Artists of Ukraine]. Entsyklopedychnyi dovidnyk. Instytut problem su-chasnoho mystetstva.- Kyiv: Intertekhnoloniia, 2006. Vypusk - 640 p. (in Ukrainian).
9. Chernova M. V. Borys Vasylovych Kosarev. Narys zhyttia i tvorchosti. (Borys Vasilyevich Kosarev. The outline of living and working). - Kyiv: Mystetstvo, 1969.- 68 p. (in Ukrainian).
Information about the authors
Kovalova Maria Mykolaivna, Candidate ofArt History, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department
of Theory and History of Art of Kharkiv State Academy of Design and Arts, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Address: 61064, Ukraine, Kharkiv, Permska, 27, apt. 20
E-mail: kovaleva2075@gmail.com; Tel.: +38 (098) 4384180
0RCID:0000-0002-9254-2565
Fediun Yevheniia Oleksandrivna, post-graduate student of the Departament of of Painting; specialty: 023 "Fine
arts, decorative arts, restoration"; Kharkiv State Acagemy of Design and Arts, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Address: 61157, Ukraine, Kharkiv, Selianska 34, apt. 8
E-mail: faro4ra@ukr.net; Tel.: +38 (066)967-67-36
ORCID:0000-0002-9520-4633
КОВАЛЬОВА М. М.,1
федюн е. о.1-
1 Хартвська академiя дизайну i мистецтв, (Харив, Украша)
НАВЧАЛЬН1 ЖИВОПИСН1 РОБОТИ УЧН1В ВИДАТНОГО УКРАШСЬКОГО ХУДОЖНИКА БОРИСА КОСАРЕВА 1950-1970-Х РОК1В
Анотаця
Метою даного досл1дження е анамз навчальних робгг студенпв старших курсiв, якi навчались у майстернi украшського художника Бориса Косарева у Харювському художньо-промисловому шституту - ХХП1 (нинi Харкiвська державна академiя дизайну та мистецтв - ХДАДМ) з метою розширення картини розвитку украшського живопису 1950-х - 1970-х роюв.
Методи: Для проведения аналiзу були використанi системно-порiвняльнi та мистецтвознавчi методи.
Результати: Проаналiзованi науковi роботи студентiв ХХП1 1950-1970-х роюв, якi спочатку вводяться в науковий обiг, е важливою методолопчною та мистецькою спадщиною украшсько'1' культури 1950-1970-х рокiв.
Практична значущiсть. Результати можуть бути використаш в подальших дослiджениях кторп i теорп украшського мистецтва, зокрема розвитку харювсько'1' художньо'1 школи.
Наукова новизна: Проаналiзованi роботи з фонду ХДАДМ вперше були введет в науковий оби. Бгльшкть картин потребуе реставраций Досл!джеш науковi роботи доводить високий рiвень пiдготовки до академiчного живопису студенпв ХХП1 рiзних спецiалiзацiй у 1950-1970-х роках, що згодом позитивно вплинуло на ].'хню творчу та педагопчну дiяльнiсть, а також на розвиток Харювсько'1' художньо'1' школи.
Фон. Украшський живописець Борис Косарев був викладачем Харкiвського iнституту мистецтв та Хар-кiвського художньо-промислового iнституту (нинi ХСАДА), живописець наповнював навчальний процес нов^шми авторськими техиiками, заснованими на засадах театрально-декоративного мистецтва, як збагатили
European Journal of Arts 4 (2021) - PREMJER Section 1. Visual, decorrative and applied arts - ISSN 2310-5666 -
коло навчальних завдань. У колекцп академп збер1гаються унiкальнi двофiгурнi тематичт полотна 1950-1970-х рок1в, що демонструють розвиток укра!нського станкового живопису.
Метою дошдження е аналiз навчально! роботи студентiв Харк1вського художньо-промислового iнституту - ХА11 (нинi Харк1вська державна академiя дизайну i мистецтв - ХСАДА) з метою виявлення нових напрямк1в в укра!нському живописи 1950-1970-х рок1в.
Ключовi слова: академ1чний живопис, Харк1вська художня школа, Борис Косарев.
Список лггерагури
1. Астахов В., Ярмиш О., Выдающиеся педагоги высшей школы г. Харькова. Биографический словарь.- Харьков: Глобус. 1998.- 104 с.
2. Безхутрий М. М. Художники Харкова. Дов1дник.- Харк1в: Прапор. 1967.- 175 с.
3. Дзюба I., Ромашв О., Жуковскький А. Енциклопед1я сучасно! Украши: в 20 т. - Ки!в: 1нститут екцикло-педичних досл1джень Нацюнально! академп наук Украши. 2014 - Т. 15.- 712. с. [Електоронний ресурс] -Режим доступу: URL: https://esu.com.ua
4. Кафедра живопису ХДАДМ: традицп та сучасшсть. Ювглейний альбом-каталог / упор.: - М. Деркач, В. Гальченко.- Харк1в: ХДАДМ. 2015. - 239 с.
5. Константинов В. Професор Косарев 1 його школа темперного живопису// Становления 1 розвиток та сучасш проблеми вищо! художньо! освгги художньо-промислово! освгги у ХарковЬ Тези допов1дей Науко-во-методично! конференций- Харк1в: ХХП1, 1997.- С. 13-16.
6. Методичний каталог фонду ХДАДМ. «Майстерня Б. В. Косарев».
7. Особиста справа О. П. Мамонтова. Джерельна база арх1ву ХДАДМ.
8. Сидоренко В. Художники Укра!ни. Енциклопедичний дов1дник. 1нститут проблем сучасного мистецтва.-Ки!в: 1нтертехнолошя, 2006. - Випуск 1. - 640 с.
9. Чернова М. В., Борис Васильович Косарев. Нарис життя 1 творчость- Ки!в: Мистецтво, 1969.- 68 с.
1нформац1я про авгор1в
Ковальова Мар1я Миколашна, кандидат мистецтвознавства, доцент, Харк1вська державна академ1я дизайну
1 мистецтв, Харк1вська академ1я дизайну 1 мистецтв, Харк1в, Укра!на
Адреса: 61064, Украша, Харк1в. Вул. Пермська 27, кв. 20
E-mail: kovaleva2075@gmail.com; Tel.: +38 (098) 4384180
0RCID:0000-0002-9254-2565
Федюн Свген1я Олександр1вна, астрант кафедр1 живопису; спещальшсть: 023 «Отразотворче мистецтво,
декоративне мистецтво, реставращя»; Харк1вська академ1я дизайну 1 мистецтв, Харк1в, Укра!на
Адреса: 61157, Украша, Харк1в, Вул. Селянська 34, кв. 59
E-mail: faro4ra@ukr.net; Tel.: +38 (066)967-67-36
0RCID:0000-0002-9520-4633
