CC BY
15
UDK 908
Karimov U. teacher
Fergana State University Ergasheva D. teacher school №21 Fergana region Dangara district Uzbekistan, Fergana
EDUCATIONAL ISSUES IN THE PERIOD OF AMIR TEMUR AND
TEMURIDS
Annotation: This article has been scientifically researched on the development of Science in the Timurian period, especially the focus on educational and educational issues.
Key words: education, the era of Timurids, "Temur tuzuklari", culture, fine
art.
Amir Temur is one of the figures who achieved himself high in the field of morality, faith, education and education. To be sure of this, it is enough to look at the programs of decency created by our grandfather himself, Proverbs, pandemics, as well as historical works about the owner. "Temur tuzuklari" is one of the famous works and plays a special role in this work with the fact that is written on the basis of the content, strength, depth, impressiveness, universal values of the life advice and fertilizer. This work can be called a program of treasonous decency.
All the fertilizer in the work are masterpieces-pedagogues that unite the peoples for one purpose, achieve success, have magical educational power. This pedagogy is dedicated to the solution of such problems as the management of the state and its administration, victorious military marches, the establishment of peace in the country, the development of Science and culture, indestructible friendship between peoples, compassion, the upbringing of humanity and morality.
In the time of Temur, there were religious schools that provided primary education for son children, which were opened mainly by people educated in mosques and private houses, imams. The imam of the mosque taught in these schools. Residents have opened schools in many cities with special schoolchildren. Among the nomadic and herdsmen population, schools were usually open in the spring and summer months, mostly mosque imams or madrasah taliban were teaching in order to improve their economic situation. In urban schools, the pupils were 20-30, in rural schools-10-15, in some cases more. The ages of schoolchildren were different.
The inseparability or shallowness of school education depended on the level of knowledge of the teacher-teacher and the skill of teaching.
In addition to the primitive religious schools in Movarounnakhr during the Timur and Temurids, palace and household separate schools for the children of the
shahzadahs, khanzadahs, bekzadahs and great officials were established. In such schools they were called special storytellers for the Tsar's household. Gradually, large state figures, psychics, officials opened special schools in their apartments for their children.
The shahzadas, khanzadas and bekzadas studied reading and writing from the ages of 4-5 from the stories of the tsars. At the same time, for the purpose of raising the children's minds, they were given stories about what they heard and saw, about the amazing and strange events of the world.
Princes and princesses were read in the rich library of Temur. He had books on such subjects as theology, Hadith, history, geography, philosophy, jurisprudence, medicine, disaster, mathematics in the library. In particular, the books of Khorezmi, Beruni, Sadi and Nasriddin Tusi were stored there.
With the upbringing of the grandchildren of Amir Timur, not their mothers, the Grandmothers of the grandfathers were engaged. In particular, Temurian prince such as Shakhrukh Mirzo, Muhammad Sultan Mirzo, Khalil Sultan Mirzo and Ulugbek Mirzo were brought up in Saraymulkhonim.
During the reign of Amir Temur, madrasahs served as a higher educational institution. They were the center of religious and later secular knowledge, the Gulshani of thought, the training center of personnel. In madrasahs, the most prominent wise sheikhs of the country, scholars of the scientists were teachers and lectured.
The unification of Central Asia as an independent state during the Amir Temur period has a positive impact on the economic and cultural development of the country. Science, literature and art, craftsmanship and architecture have developed. In the prosperity of the country and the capital Samarkand gathered a large number of people of Science and art, artful architects and musicians from local and foreign countries.
In the era of Timur and Timurids, great works were carried out in the field of spiritual culture. It was mentioned above that Amir Temur himself gave a great to the spiritual life of society, religion, philosophy, science and other spheres. Historians write that temurian Ulugbek, Sultan Hussein, Babur did not remain a sponsor of Science and cultural development, but also contributed to its development with their active personal scientific-philosophical, artistic-aesthetic activities.
Mirzo Ulugbek's contribution to the development of Science and culture is particularly significant in Movarounnakhr. Ulugbek firmly believed in the power of scientific and artistic thinking in the country's prosperity. Ulugbek deeply understands the importance of mastering the spiritual heritage in the development of secular and religious culture, and therefore studies the heritage of Ahmed Fergani, Al-Khorezmi, Beruni, Farabi and Ibn Sina, as a result of which ancient Greek scholars closely familiarize themselves with the works of Plato, Aristotle and others. At the same time, he also positively approaches the issue of teaching secular sciences in the organization of the activities of religious schools. Therefore, in madrasahs, not only islamic sources such as Quran, hadiths, fiqh, tafsir, but also
secular sciences such as mathematics, khandasa, medicine, geography, Arab philology are given special attention.
Ulugbek provides sufficient conditions and opportunities for the lessons learned by Shamsiddin Havofi, one of the largest scientists of that period, Kazizade Rumi, Giyasiddin Jamshid Kashi, Alouddin Ali Qushchi. Kazizade Rumi appoints as the chairman of the madrasah teachers. In fact, the scientists working in the madrasah personally choose Ulugbek.
Mirzo Ulugbek XV century is a great scientist who conducted world-wide research in the field of world astronomy. As is known from history, in 1424-1428, Ulugbek built an observatory in a place called Obirahmat near the city of Samarkand, carrying out his observations on astronomy directly here. It should be said that the table of Ulugbek is one of the most perfect achievements of its time. Indeed, when Ulugbek's account of the year is compared to the current account books, one minute is divided by two seconds.
The activities of Hussein Boykaro are an example of the attention of the temurian to culture, active creative work, the creation of high artistic and aesthetic values. It is written in historical books that during the period of his rich international reign, Herat became one of the Centers of Science and culture, scientists, poets, industrialists always worked under his patronage. Of course, it is known that all this was under the influence of the great thinker Alisher Navoi.
During the reign of Hussein the rich International, famous medical scientist Hussein Jarrox, musician Sayid Ahmad, Ustad Hussaini, Ustad qul Muhammad, Nakkash and Mirak Nakkash, Kamoliddin Bekhzad, musicologist fan and others are creative.
Thus, During the Timurids there was a period of economic, social, cultural upsurge in Movarounnakhr. Amir Temur, the founder of the centralized state, paid special attention to the issues of Science and education in the country in his time. As a result, the economic and cultural power of the state rose to the heights.
Sources used:
1. И.Каримов. Юксак маънавият - енгилмас куч. Тошкент, 2008 йил.
2. К,.Назаров ва муаллифлар жамоаси. Миллий Fоя: TapF^OT технологиялари ва атамалар луFaти. Тошкент, 2007 йил.
3. З.Мукимов. Амир Темур тузуклари(тарихий-х,укукий тадкикот). Самарканд давлат университети. 2008 йил.
