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5Список литературы
1. Закон «О бухгалтерском учете и финансовой отчетности» от 28 февраля 2007 года № 234-Ш.
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3. Ержанов М.С., Ержанова С.М. Учетная политика на казахстанском предприятии (практический аспект). - Алматы, Издательский дом. -2010.54 с.
4. Сахчинская Н.С. «Управленческая учетная политика как основной источник информации о затратах предприятия» // Вектор науки Тольяттин-ского государственного университета.2009. -№7 (10). - С.3-4.
5. Шакирова Г.А. «Актуальные вопросы в формировании учетной политики предприятия» // Посткризисные ориентиры социально-экономического и инновационного развития Казахстана. 2010. -№22. С.5-6.
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ СТАБИЛЬНОСТЬ ДОМОХОЗЯЙСТВ В УСЛОВИЯХ КРЕДИТОВАНИЯ
Кондыбаева С.К.
PhD
Казахский национальный университет им. аль-Фараби
Казахстан, Алматы Ергашева З.А.
магистрант 2-го курса специальности «Экономика» Казахский национальный университет им. аль-Фараби
Казахстан, Алматы
ECONOMIC STRENGTH OF HOUSHOLDS IN CASE OF LENDING
Kondybayeva S.,
PhD
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan, Almaty Ergasheva Z.
master's degree 2nd course of 'Economics' specialty Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan, Almaty
Аннотация
В статье представлен общий анализ и информация о влиянии кредитования на экономическую стабильность домохозяйств в Республике Казахстан. Ее целью является обеспечение общего обзора взаимосвязи между экономической стабильности домашних хозяйств, уровня потребительского расхода и кредитования. Проанализировано кредитование банков для обеспечения экономической стабильности, их влияние на основной источник доходов населения, как это влияет на потребительские расходы.
Abstract
The article presents a general analysis and information on the impact of borrowing on the economic stability of households in the Republic of Kazakhstan. it is aimed to provide general review of interconnection among household's economic strength, consumer expenditure level and lending. Banks' lending to ensure economic stability, their impact on the main source of income of the population, as it affects consumer spending, has been analysed.
Ключевые слова: экономическая мощь, домохозяйство, кредитование, кредит, денежные расходы.
Keywords: Economic strength, household, lending, credit, monetary expenditure.
Theoretical part. The economic strength of households is a level of economic security that, firstly, relieves households of constant concern for basic needs (food, clothing, housing, etc.); Second, it provides them with the necessary conditions for the reproduction of competitive human capital; Third, it enables the household to enjoy a living standard and life quality in accordance with international standards; Fourth, build confidence in maintaining a sustainable living standard and life quality in the face of social risks [1].
The economic strength of the household sector can also be interpreted as the ability of the household to perform the livelihood function in different settings.
The importance of households' economic strength laid its foundation on the role of households in the market economy. Household's economics is a single whole part of the society's economic system. The socio-economic nature of household economics is mirrored in the set of economic relations related to the drawing up, segregation and usage of funds [2].
Table 1
Indicators on the size and strength of household debt
Indicator group Indicators
Debt (indebtedness) Debt/GDP
Debt/disposable income
Housing loans / GDP
Housing loans / disposable income
Capital gearing Debt / value of assets
Housing loans / stomata of real estate
Debt service Interest payments / disposable income
Payment of interest and principal / disposable income
Wealth Net financial position / disposable income
Net value (wealth) / disposable income
Deposits / Debt
Deposits / Housing loans
Other indicators Prices: interest rate on loans, real estate prices, CBR prices, etc.
Profitability: wages, disposable income, wealth, employment, savings (gross savings / disposable income), etc.
Note - Compiled from source [3]
Practical part. In Kazakhstan, the result of a borrower's credit rating is calculated using complicated scoring formulas. Crucial drivers are taken into account are:
- The frequency of credit payments. This means a flat rate of repayment according to the schedule, without delay - for all loans. As soon as something moves out of the uniform repayment schedule, it's a little irregular. The more delays and the longer they are, the lower the credit rating the borrower will have;
It is the measure of current credit arrears. If there is something outstanding, it is taken into account in the formula;
Credit terms for past loans. Here the criterion is: the longer the term and the smoother the repayment, the better for the final credit rating, as it shows «good-faith predictability» of the borrower;
- types of past credits. For example, if there is even repayment of a mortgage in credit history, it will add more points than short-term consumer credit. In conclusion, it can be said that: Classification of retail banking risks; The biggest risk for second-tier banks in retail lending is credit risk;
Different types of scoring model are considered.
Close circle Relations with the employer (structure of wages, benefits, delays in payments); Industry
competition (job opportunities); Retail prices for consumer goods and services; Relations with financial institutions; Cash withdrawals; Regional investment opportunities
Inner environment
Consistency of economic decisions of household members; Propensity for risky economic decisions; Household savings and investment policies; Ratio of income to expenditure;
Modification in household composition;
Variation the contribution of household members to income generation;
Unplanned costs
Remote surroundings State regulation of income and
expenses for employment, taxation of income and social benefits; The state of the national economy (unemployment, inflation, climate investment); Force majeure (wars, natural disasters, nian-made disasters); Changing priority forms and
types of work; Changing demographics of employment
Source: [2]
Figure 1 - Factors Influencing Household economic strength
Wages for households are the main source of income. As shown in figure 1, income from work takes a large part in the structure, but it can be seen that there was a slight decrease from 81.4% in the fourth quarter of 2013 to 75.7% in the fourth quarter of 2017. Social transfers (scholarships, pensions, allowances, etc.) increased slightly, Almost 20% of the income structure. One of the reasons for this change may be that the population is growing and the childcare allowance is increasing. In
2017, it was 17,918,000. The number of retired older persons may also have increased. Income from property and material assistance from relatives and alimony remained relatively at the same level.
Household monetary expenditures include consumer expenditures, including food and non-food items and paid services, as well as tax and other expenditures. The structure of monetary expenditure has remained relatively unchanged for a long time, with more than 90% spent on consumer spending (Figure 1).
2012, the population was 16,674,000. In
Structure of household monetary expenditure
0,20%
7%
A
92,80%
■ consumer expenditure ■ payment of taxes «another
Figure 2 - Structure of household monetary expenditure, % Note - author structured on the basis of data from the COP of the MNE of the ROK
Household monetary incomes even during the 2008-2009 crisis were higher than expenditures. However, as shown in Figure 3, from 2011 -2013 households barely «made ends meet». It can be noted that expenditures, as well as incomes, of households continue to increase every year. This is not in itself an indication of
anything, but the main point that needs to be addressed is the increase in purchasing power. If one looks at the index of real monetary income, it shows a downward trend in recent years, despite the increase in nominal income.
Cash income and expenditure,average per household
2000 -
a) 1500
M £ eu
T3 £
<ü LO
o
1000
500
0 -
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
cash expenditure, average per household > cash income, average per household
Figure 3 - Trends in cash income and expenditure, on average per household, tenge Note - author structured on the basis of data from the COP of the MNE of the ROK
For retail lending to be successful and profitable, all business processes must be efficiently automated and adequate risk minimization measures must be put in place. Such means have a full credit scoring system [4]. Lending to people with no credit history in 2017
was slightly more than 11% [5, 6]. Kazakhstan is experiencing a positive trend in lending to both the economy and the population. At the same time, retail lending of natural persons in their historical development has survived two credit «boom»: first - in the period of credit «boom», starting from mid-2006 to mid-2007, second -
in the period of credit market recovery and further growth, from mid-2012 to mid-2013. The credit boom in these periods differed both in the direction of retail lending and in the nature and causes of the credit slowdown in subsequent periods. Retail credit market growth drivers in the first credit «boom»: consumer secured lending and mortgage lending. In the second credit «boom» the driver of growth was a consumer loan without security. The easing after the first credit «boom» was instantaneous, and this was due to the external and domestic financial markets. Unlike the first «boom» after the second credit «boom» credit activity began to weaken slowly and gradually, as the decrease occurred due to the imposed restrictive measures at the initiative of the regulator. This decision was made to limit further increase of «bubble» in consumer lending.
Conclusion. In terms of borrowers, business lending has been more significant Relationship versus consumer lending. Lending business has a direct and significant impact on final prices Food commodities, but loans from businesses is long enough to affect final prices accordingly with some lag. At the same time, most sensitive to volume changes consumer lending is the price of non-food Goods. Individuals take credit mainly for purchasing durable goods. Consequently, the growth of consumer increasing demand from buyers, resulting in increasing the value of these goods. In future researches as banks recover more details are needed on the sector and on increasing credit to the economy analyze the impact of credit on inflation. In
addition to estimating it is worth drawing attention to the analysis by assessing the impact of business lending by industry and region. The going forward study on this theme will help to make better the process of forecasting inflation and the study of capacity to improve the effectiveness of the transmission mechanism monetary policy.
References
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2. А.Ю. Нестеров. Структура и механизмы поддержания финансовой устойчивости домохозяйства // Вестник Университета №19, 2013г.
3. Jana Kask. Household debt and financial stability (Estonian HHD) // Kroon & economy. - 2003. -№ 4. - Р. 36-37.
4. Панюков А. В., Будина Е. С. Применение системы кредитного скоринга для организации процесса розничного кредитования//Вестник Пермского университета. - №1. 2000. - С. 41.
5. Giovanni D'Alessio and Stefano Iezzi. Household Over-Indebtedness: definition and measurement with Italian data // Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional papers) from Bank of Italy. - Roma, 2013. - №149. - p. 3.
6. Алима Умутбек. Сильнейшие рынка кредитования // Первое кредитное бюро. - 2018.
CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES OF ACCOUNTING ORGANIZATION IN CORPORATE ENTREPRENEURIAL STRUCTURES OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE
Ishchenko Ya.
Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor Vinnytsia National Agrarian University,
Ukraine
Abstract
Management accounting issues need further research in the context of changing business conditions under the influence of globalization. The creation of the optimal organizational structure of the holding's accounting, bringing it in line with the requirements of corporate governance is preceded by significant organizational work to centralize the accounting function. The article substantiates the feasibility of centralizing the accounting function and the formation of internal regulations of financial and management accounting in accordance with the demands and needs of management of integrated corporate structures, outlines the main stages of this process.
Keywords: corporate business structures, holding, accounting, centralization, management.
Formulation of the problem
The modern development of economics is carried out under the influence of globalization processes occurring in all spheres of public life, including the economy. Entrepreneurship in Ukraine today is experiencing a new round in its development, which is characterized by the creation of corporate business structures, the development of international cooperation, the active attraction of foreign investment, the entry of economic entities into international capital markets.
Analysis of recent research and publications
The main prerequisites for research in the corporatization area of entrepreneurship have been formed relatively recently.
Most authors associate them with the dynamics of the processes of formation and development of the corporate sector, the global integration of capital and production, the separation of management from company owners.
The reflection of theoretical and methodological provisions on the problems of scientific and innovative development of the agricultural sector in terms of intensification of integration and globalization processes can be traced in the works of G. Kaletnik [1], D. Dema, Yu. Karpyshyn [4], M. Kropyvko [5], Yu. Lupenko, G. Umantsiv and other scientists.
The need for a systematic study of accounting objects through the prism of management needs was justified by Academician MG Chumachenko 40 years
