CC BY
6
УДК: 08.00.01
Bakieva I.A.
Eshonkulov B.
Abdukhabirov B.
TFI, Uzbekistan
ECONOMIC RELATIONS
Annotation: This article discusses certain connections and relationships that people, regardless of will and consciousness, enter during the process of social production.
Keywords: Model, analysis, macroeconomics, process, sector, market, competition, price, problem, resource, seller, buyer, labor market, debt market, commodity market
The socio-economic reorganization of society is achieved, as practice has shown, on the basis of the introduction of the achievements of scientific and technical progress in the real sector of the national economy. This circumstance, in our opinion, presupposes the active interaction of social production, economic science and economic education. The stages of development of science and education reflect the progress of social production and the processes of changing the economic system. The effectiveness of the penetration of scientific "technical progress into production, into economic practice largely depends on the level of development of economics, education and the degree of personnel training. Economic science and education during the Soviet period were sufficiently adapted to the needs of the socialist economy. New socio-economic conditions urgently require an adequate response of economic science and economic education.
A theoretical understanding of the new interconnections of economic science, economic education in their reflection with economic processes is required when considering science and education as factors of production renewal and increasing its efficiency, which gives particular relevance to the research topic.
In accordance with the goal, the following tasks of the dissertation research are determined: to substantiate the concept of the state of economics in the precapitalist period of the development of society; to identify and justify the stages of development of economic science and economic education; to prove that with the development of the economic system and the new role of man in it; economic education develops; reveal the political-economic relationship between the development of production, economic science and economic education from the standpoint of modern economic theory for the further development of the theoretical basis of economic research; identify trends in the formation of a new paradigm of convergence of economic science and models of economic education; determine the organic relationship of economic education and economic behavior.
The vital activity of society is based on the economic, political, legal, social, ethical and other relations that arise between people. Economics studies the economic relations of human society that arise between individuals, groups, parties, countries. Economic relations are certain connections and relationships that people,
regardless of will and consciousness, enter into in the process of social production. In economic relations it is necessary to distinguish between production, socioeconomic (property) and organizational-economic relations.
Socio-economic relations are formed between social classes, social groups, individual groups and members of society. The decisive role in these relations is played by the property relations of the means of production. Organizational and economic relations arise because social production, distribution and exchange are impossible without a certain organization. Organizational and economic relations, reflecting the forms of organizational relationships, accompany any joint activity of workers. This, for example, the division of labor, its specialization and co-operation. The social division of labor is the isolation of individual types of labor activity. The first stage of the social division of labor was the separation of cattle breeding from agriculture. A prerequisite of the social division of labor is the presence of a certain amount and quality of economic resources and the peculiarities of their combination, ensuring greater or lesser efficiency in the use of these resources. The division of labor in the conditions of modern production requires a narrow specialization of workers in individual production operations. Specialization is a form of division of labor in which an economic entity concentrates its production efforts on one or a limited number of activities. The flip side of the social division of labor is its cooperation. A labor co-operation is a stable exchange based on the division of labor between economic agents and the products they produce with the greatest economic efficiency.
Production relations form the basis of the economic organization of society. Production relations - the interaction of people among themselves in the process of their economic activity. Production is the basis of the economy, the basis of the existence of the whole human society. Considering production as a process, economic theory identifies in it the following stages: production, distribution, exchange, and consumption. Production - the creation of a product necessary for the existence and development of man. It is clear that before something to distribute, exchange and consume, this "something" must be produced. Distribution - the definition of the share and volume of the product entering the consumption of participants economic activities. There is a distribution in the narrow sense (product distribution) and in a broad sense (distribution of conditions and factors of production). Distribution in a broad sense relies on the division of labor and the allocation of economic resources according to different types of economic activity. Distribution in the narrow sense implies the determination of the share of each participant in economic relations in the created wealth. The size of the share depends on the ownership and the volume of production. Exchange is a stage in the movement of a social product in which manufactured products are delivered to economic agents. Since production is carried out on the basis of division of labor and specialization, exchange becomes a way of obtaining the necessary products by transferring the results of their labor for them. Intermediaries in this exchange are money. Consumption is the process of using production results to meet needs. This is the final stage of the product movement. As a result of consumption, the created
goods disappear, after which they should be re-produced, i.e., reproducible. According to the goals, consumption is divided into personal, that is, directed at meeting the individual needs of people, and production, aimed at using the product to renew and expand the process of producing material goods.
It should be noted that production is a social process, since it is carried out not by isolated economic actors, but by society. In addition, production is a continuous process. Society cannot stop consuming, and therefore, inevitably a constant repetition of production, distribution, exchange and consumption, or reproduction. Moreover, all four phases are implemented simultaneously. Continuity of the production process and its repeatability is characterized by social reproduction. Public reproduction is a process of production, distribution, exchange and consumption of material goods and services that is constantly repeated in society. Schematically, the reproductive process is shown in the figure.
PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION
î 1
CONSUMPTION EXCHANGE
Public reproduction can be carried out in simple, extended and narrowed variants. Simple reproduction takes place in the event that the volume of output is unchanged and the course of each turnover. At the same time, it is considered that the quantity and quality of economic resources used in the process of social production do not change. Expanded reproduction suggests that the volumes of produced material goods are constantly increasing, increasing year by year. The condition for expanded reproduction is an increase in the quantity and quality of economic resources. Total reproduction is a reduction in production at each subsequent stage of the process of social reproduction.
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