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Ecological assessment of the physical and chemical indicators of quality of meat-and-milk products delivered to the markets in Astana
Section 13. Agricultural sciences
Aitkaliyeva Svetlana Vladimirovna, Undergraduate 2nd course, specialities «Ecology» Eurasian National University named L. N. Gumilyov Astana city
E-mail: [email protected] Aidarkhanova Gulnar Sabitovna, Scientific adviser: Sc. D., assistant professor of management and engineering in the field
of environmental protection Astana city E-mail: [email protected]
Ecological assessment of the physical and chemical indicators of quality of meat-and-milk products delivered to the markets in Astana
Abstract: The problem of quality of animal products is one of the most relevant for consumers. based on the characteristics of our country are the product of everyday meat and dairy products, which make up most of the minimum consumer basket of Kazakhstan’s population. In experiments were used as the sample locally produced and imported from neighboring countries. Product quality control shows the current situation on the food market.
Keywords: meet, milk, product quality, heavy metals, pesticides, pollution, agriculture, cattle breeding.
The quality of livestock products is one of the most relevant problems for consumers. Milk and dairy products comprises 15,9% of the minimum cost of the consumer basket of the working population of Kazakhstan [1, 7]. In 2010 production of dairy products was 5381 thousand tons of milk [2]. Milk contains all nutrients necessary for the human body. Only protein of milk provides casein to the human body [3, 304].
The meat industry is one of the largest segments of Kazakhstan agriculture. Meat products are sources of high-quality protein and the vitamins necessary for normal
development of organisms. According to Agency of statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 1 648 468,5 tons of all types of cattle and bird were slaughtered in Akmola region in 2013 Whereas in 2012, it was 1 636 670,6 tons [4]. Research quality of meat and dairy products produced in the city of Astana, which is one of the largest regions in the production and processing of livestock products, consumption — are relevant.
The purpose of work is the assessment of physical and chemical indicators of the quality of meat-and-milk producs delivered to the markets in Astana.
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27
26
25
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4°
■ Milk density
Figure 1. State density of the milk
Materials and methods. In the experiment milk“Natige” with 2,5% of fat content, “Aynalayn” of 3,2%, “Food master" of 2,5%, “Odari” with 3,2%, “Moyo” with 1,5%, “Depovskoe”, “Domik v derevne” with 2,5%, “Miloko”and “Astana Onim” were used. Meat
samples were selected from the enterprises of Akmola region: “Astanalyk” food factory, meat processing plant of “Sabynda”, OKS LLP and Rubikom enterprise. The samples were taken from the top part of cervical department. The primary physical
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Section 13. Agricultural sciences
and chemical characteristics of milk, the determination of heavy metal ions was carried out by conventional methods [5-7].
Results and discussion. As can be seen from the list of the studied samples of dairy products, to assess the quality of dairy products we analyzed the most consumed products. The main physical and chemical indicators of quality dairy products are state of density, acidity, fat content. Figure 1 shows a picture of the state of this indicator in the studied samples.
According to results, the density indicator of milk complies with the standards and is within 25-27% (fig. 1). Another indicator of quality of milk is acidity. Our revealed that acidity of milk from the producers Aynalayyn, Natige, Odari, Miloko, Astana Onim, Moyo andFoodmaster complies with the standards. Acidity of milk of the Lodge brand in the village is slightly higher than the norm (fig. 2).
Ainalaiyyn
Natige
Odari
Miloko
Domik v derevne Astana Onim Moyo
Figure 2. Characteristics of acidity of milk (%)
In addition, themass fraction of fat of milk from with indicated fraction on packings (table 1). producers Astana, Onim, Present, Natizhe, Mine corresponds
Table 1 - Relevant information on the mass fraction of fat and fat content
Name trial Information the package Information experience Actual fat content
«Ainalaiyyn» 3,2% fat Does not match 2,7%
«Natige» 2,5% fat Matches 2,5%
«Odari» 3,2% fat Matches 3,2%
«Miloko» 1,5% fat Does not match 1,3%
«Domik v derevne» 2,5% fat Does not match 2,3%
«Astana Onim» 2,5% fat Matches 2,5%
«Moyo» 2,5% fat Matches 2,5%
«Food master» 2,5% fat Does not match 2,3%
Determination of impurity toxicants of environment is important for studying of problems offood security oflivestock production for consumers: heavy metals, radionuclides, residual pesticides etc. We have established indicators of contamination of meat products by ions of heavy metals sold in the markets of Astana. In a experiment, the concentration of such elements as Pb, Cd, Hg and As were studied. The impurity of meat products by ions of the heavy metals are shown in table 2. The analysis showed that heavy
metals may accumulate in agroecosystems through toxic chemicals, phosphoric and nitric fertilizers (arsenic); as a result of sewage irrigation or emissions of motor transport (cadmium, lead), when burning fuel on a heatpower main line. Mercury accumulates in the agrofitotsenoza as a result of sewage and pesticide application. Selenium accumulates in the soil, generally as a result of organic fertilizers and irrigation sewage. Fluorine, as a rule, accumulates following application of phosphoric fertilizers.
Table 2 - Features samples of meat contamination by heavy metals, mg/kg
Code samples Pb МРС Cd МРС Hg МРС As МРС
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 - 0,5 - 0,05 0,014 0,03 - 0,1
2 - 0,5 - 0,05 - 0,03 0,02 0,1
3 - 0,5 - 0,05 - 0,03 0,08 0,1
4 - 0,5 - 0,05 - 0,03 0,05 0,1
5 - 0,5 - 0,05 0,024 0,03 - 0,1
6 - 0,5 - 0,05 - 0,03 - 0,1
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Ecological assessment of the physical and chemical indicators of quality of meat-and-milk products delivered to the markets in Astana
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
7 - 0,5 - 0,05 - 0,03 - 0,1
8 - 0,5 - 0,05 - 0,03 0,06 0,1
9 - 0,5 - 0,05 0,030 0,03 0,08 0,1
Determination results of meat contamination by heavy metals shows that the investigated samples no lead and cadmium. In the content of meat a it was observedarsenic and mercury. Hgis found in 30% of material with the range from 0,014 to 0,030 (maximum concentration limit — 0,03); As is found in more than 50% of material with the range from 0,02 to 0,08 (maximum concentration limit — 0,1).
The statistical test shows that demand for dairy and meat products is increasing in our republic. Moreover, the production of meat-and-milk products increases every year. The meat-and-milk products in markets in astana are supplied by producers from Akmola region as well as from other regions
such as Kostanay, Karaganda, Pavlodar and from Kokshetau, Shchuchinsk, Makinka, Petrovka etc. All these facts testify the need large-scale ecomonitoring researches.
Conclusion. Definition of primary physical and chemical indicators of milk and meat is one of parameters of quality of meat-and-milk production. To ensure high product quality and competitiveness, it is important not so much the identification of poor quality, as it is a warning. Ensuring quality means guaranteeing such level of quality of production which allows the consumer to buy with confidence it for a long time, and this products have to meet requirements of the consumers.
References:
1. The analysis of a consumer basket in Kazakhstan in comparison with the Russian Federation. Elena Atroshenko, Director of the department of ST, GFK Kazakhstan April, 2009. - 7 p.
2. http://sk.kz/page/agro-prom, Information and analytical portal of JSC National Welfare Fund Samruk-azyna. Analysis of branches. Agro-industrial complex.
3. Zharikova GG Microbiology of food products. Sanitation and hygiene. - M.: Publishing center «Academy», 2005. - 304 p.
4. http://www.stat.gov.kz, Site Statistics Agency of Kazakhstan
5. GOST 3672-68 «Determination of the density of milk», 1985.
6. GOST 5887-90 «Determination of milk fat mass fraction», 2006.
7. GOST 3624-92 «Determination of acidity of milk», 2001.
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