CC BY
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Section 1. Biology
The conclusion
The researches of soil cover and phytocenoses of experienced sites, area of each of them is 100 m 2, allowed to extrapolate the obtained data on typical geomorphological areas of the surface of tailing dump and evaluate the soil-environmental condition of recultivation plot with a complex plant community as good, and accordingly, for self-groving area with pioneer plant grouping as unsatisfactory. However, the fast formation of organic-accumulative horizon using WWS doesn’t make possibility to solve all soil-environmental problems on the surface of the tailing dump due to lack of signs of destruction and humification processes in profile of technozem organogenic. At the same this technology of recultivation allows to achieve the goal is to create a relatively
stable plant community on the surface of the tailings and significantly reduce the intensity of functioning of the formed phytocenoses [7].
In the conclusion we should say that sanitary-anti-erosion recultivation with fixing of surface levels of the hydraulic dump, in general, is quite ecological effective, in the absence of technologies for industrial processing of “tails" Creating habitats with soil-ecological functions, which will provide sustainable development of communities, let to reduce the negative impacts of hydraulic dump. Using of WWS as nontraditional soil conditioner will solve the problem of overload sludge drying beds. This type of recultivation is also the most cost-effective from the point of view of conservation of the tailing dump, as prospective industrial mineral deposits.
References:
1. Mazikin V. State and prospects of development of the coal industry of Kuzbass on the threshold of XXI century: proceedings of the Intern. scientific-practical conference. “Ecological problems of the coal industry in the region on the transition to sustainable development”, - Volume 1, - Kemerovo, - 1999, - Р. 3-22.
2. Vodoleev A., Androhanov V., Klekovkin S. Organizational and technological alternatives for recultivation of man-made disturbed lands: Eco-Bulletin of INECA, - Volume 4 (129), - Novokuznetsk, - 2008, - Р. 26-28.
3. Evilevich A., Emilevich M. Disposal of sewage sludge, - Leningrad: stroiizdat, - 1988, - 248 p.
4. Vodoleev A., Stepnov A., Kudashkina S. Prospects of technology of using of sewage sludge for recultivation: Problems of ecology and health of the industrial cities and their solutions, - Novokuznetsk, - 2004, - Р. 28-31.
5. Androhanov V., Ovsyannikova S., Kurachev V Technogenic soils: properties, modes of functioning, - Novosibirsk: Nauka, - 2000, - 200 p.
6. Gadjiyev I., Kurachev V., Androhanov V Strategy and prospects of solving the problems of recultivation of man-made land, -Novosibirsk: CERIS, - 2001, - 37 p.
7. Androhanov V., Kurachev V Soil-environmental condition of technogenic landscapes: the dynamics and evaluation, -Novosibirsk: Publishing house of SB RA.S, - 2010, - 224 p.
8. Dvurechensky V., Sokolov D., Toporovskaya A., Berlyakova O. Soil-ecological state of urban areas in Western Siberia (on the example of Novokuznetsk): Soil science and Agrochemistry, - Volume 2, - Alma-Ata, - 2011, - Р. 5-14.
9. Berlyakova O., Ermak N. The characteristic of soil-ecological condition of natural-technogenic systems of the city Novokuznetsk: proceedings of the Intern. scientific conference “Natural-technogenic complexes: recultivation and sustainable operation”, - Novosibirsk: publishing house of the Ocarina, - 2013, - Р. 63-67.
10. Berlyakova O., Ermak N., Potokina M. Experience of application of sewage sludge for recultivation of tailing dump OJSC “Abagurskaya agglomeration factory”: technological platform “Solid minerals”: technological and environmental problems of mining of natural and man-made deposits: reports of the scientific-practical conference 1-2 October 2013, -Ekaterinburg: Institute of mining, UB of the Russian Academy of Sciences, - 2013, - Р. 157-162.
Kondratyuk Ekaterina Yurievna Polikarpov Ivan Novikov Eugene, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals,
Novosibirsk, Russia, E-mail: kandy@ngs.ru
Does the maturation rate affect on longevity in red-backed voles (Myodes rutilus) in laboratory condition
Abstract: Our investigation directed on testing assumptions about increase longevity through elongation age of maturation. The physiological characteristics (oxygen consumption and immunity) was different depend on season born of animals of native population. For experiment in laboratory condition we used fall-born animals which
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Does the maturation rate affect on longevity in red-backed voles (Myodes rutilus) in laboratory condition
directed to “winter" or “summer’ path way development. For “winter” animals we noted delay of maturation. But in metabolic rate and level of immune response there were no significant intra-group different. These data suggested about important of transmission of information about future environmental conditions from mother.
Keywords: maturation, photoperiodic control, basal metabolic rates, humoral immune response, longevity.
The analysis of more than 600 mammalian species revealed positive correlation of adult life span with time to maturity and negative — with individual growth rate (De Magalhaes, Costa, 2009). As known the individual longevity is strongly depends on the time birth at seasonally breeding terrestrial rodents. Animals from late seasonal cohorts usually remain to be immature till the next spring and can live for more than one year (Olenev, 2002). Physiological mechanisms of such variability in life span are still poor understood. Possible explanation can be derived from one of the theories based on “rate-of-living” paradigm: free radical theory (Harman, 1981), retrograde response, which activates mitochondrial biogenesis, accompanies cellular ageing processes (Pas-sos et al., 2007), We investigated physiological processes in seasonally-depended aging on wild animals.
In our study of native population of red-backed vole we revealed increased basal metabolic rate and decrease immune response on non-replicated antigen (SRBC) in individuals of the spring cohorts that attained maturity in the year of the birth (fig. 1, 2).
Fig. 1. Basal metabolic rate of individuals of natural population of red-backed voles (* — P < 0.05; Student t-test)
Fig. 2. Specific immune response of individuals of natural population of red-backed voles (* — P < 0.05; Student t-test)
But in the natural population not possible get data for answer on question what was influence on longevity: the maturation rates or seasonal variability in the severity of environmental challenges. To answer this question we regularly measured physiological characteristics in wild-derived juvenile individuals of red-backed voles of the same autumn cohort whose ontogenetic development was artificially routed by exposing to different photoperiodic regimes that corresponds to “summer” or “winter” conditions. Six month later light regime was inverted for both groups. All the animals were maintained in individual cages with food and water provided ad libitum.
Individuals that were initially exposed to the short-day photoperiod (8L : 16D) revealed significantly lower plasma testosterone in the first two month of experiment in comparison with animals from group whose exposed to long-day (16L: 8D) photoperiod (fig. 3).
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“summer” “winter”
Fig. 3. Level of plasma testosterone in juvenile males of red-backed vole that were exposed to different photoperiod (* — t = 2.2; p < 0.03)
But we had not found significant between-group differences in basal oxygen consumption during all researched one year period (fig. 4).
Fig. 4. Basal oxygen consumption at red-backed voles (Solid line — rapid maturated (“summer”) and dashed line — slow maturated (“winter”))
The level of humoral immune response was estimated by antibody titers (total Ig). This level also had no significant intergroup differences. However, the inversion of dark-lite regime from “summer” to “winter” lead to increased of total antibody titers (t = 2.2; p < 0.05) (fig. 5).
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Section 1. Biology
Fig. 5. Total antibody titers in plasma of red-backed voles (White column — fast maturation (“summer”) and dark column — delayed maturation (“winter”))
This data is consistent with winter increase of humoral immunity described by Moshkin et al., 1998 in wild population of red-backed vole.
In general we can conclude that in constant laboratory conditions, rate of sexual maturation had not effect on physiological traits essential for the survival from the point of view of rate-of-living theory. Respectively animals of both groups had the similar rates of survival (U = -0.5;p = 0.6; n = 51; CoxMantel Test) (fig. 6).
Significant differences in metabolic rates and immunity were also revealed in an experiment with “reversed” protocol (animals with different time of born exposed by the same photoperiod) [6]. These results can be explained by the presence of transfer of information about the environment during the prenatal period and time raising.
Fig. 6. Cumulative proportion of survival animals (Solid line — rapid (“summer”), dashed line — slow maturation (“winter”), Plus — animals living still)
References:
1. De Magalhaes J. P., Costa J. A database of vertabrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits//Jevol Biol. - 2009. - 22 (8): 1770-1774.
2. Harman D. The aging process//Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. - 1981. - 78 (11): 7124-7128.
3. Moshkin M. P., Dobrotvorsky A. K., Mak V V., Panov V V., Dobrotvorskaya E. A. Variability of immune response to heterologous erythrocytes during population cycles of red (Clethrionomys rutilus Pallas) and bank (Cl. glareolus Schreber) voles//Oikos. - 1998. - 82 (3-4): 131-138.
4. Olenev G. V. Alternative types of ontogeny in cyclomorphic rodents and their role in population dynamics: An ecological analysis//Russian Journal of Ecology. - 2002. - 33 (5): 321-330.
5. Passos J. F., von Zglinicki T., Kirkwood T. B. Mitochondria and ageing: winning and losing in the number game//Bioes-says. - 2007. 29 (9): 908-917.
6. Rogovin K. A., Bushuev A. V., Khruschova A. M., Vasilieva N. Yu. Resting metabolic rate, stress, testosterine, and induced immune response in spring and fall born males of campbell’s dwarf hamsters: maintence in long day conditions//Biology bulletin reviews. - 2014. - 4 (3): 181-191.
Orlova Darya Genadievna, Orenburg State Pedagogical University, Postgraduate Student, Department of Natural Sciences and Economics E-mail: DaryaOrlova24@rambler.ru
Bio-morphological characteristic of some wood and bush plants of maloideae web. subfamily of Orenburg with regard to the variability of fruit and seed parameters
Abstract: The article presents the research of changes of morphological characteristics of fruits of three genera of Maloideae Web. subfamily. Variability coefficient is used as variability measurement to compare the degree of variability of characteristics. Significant differences were revealed for linear sizes, which indicate the inhomogeneity of
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