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UDC 378
Mukhtashamova P.Z.
Uzbek State University of World Languages
Uzbekistan, Tashkent DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Abstract: This article discusses the peculiarities of the English language. issues that need to be considered when speaking in a language are highlighted.
Keywords: grammar, category, language
Before proceeding directly to the study of the language, it is necessary to get acquainted with its features, system and structure, as well as fundamental differences from the Uzbek language. This overview lesson is dedicated to this.
The first thing that is worth learning. In English as an analytical language, grammatical categories are not expressed in the same way as in Uzbek.
Most grammatical categories are not transmitted through various forms of words, endings, and the like, but by special words and constructions, the order of words in the sentence, intonation, and so on.
The second. The order of words in English is basically strict. On how well the proposal is built, it often depends on whether the person understands you or not.
Third, and quite important. Historically, the vocabulary of English, in fact, about 70% is borrowed - here there are words of German, and French, and Greek, and, to the greatest extent, of Latin origin.
Therefore, if you studied one of these languages before, there is a high probability that quite often the "new" vocabulary will be intuitively familiar to you.
Fourth. Despite the fact that the English script is based on the Latin alphabet, it does not have a clear correlation between the spelling of words and their pronunciation, that is, without knowing the traditional pronunciation beforehand, or at least the basic rules of reading, you can not always read the new one correctly for you word.
A large number of words in writing includes letters that are not pronounced during reading, and conversely, many spoken sounds do not have graphic equivalents.
Reading rules have a large number of exceptions, and those who study the language, until the so-called "language flair" is developed (and this takes years), it is often necessary to compare the transcription with the dictionary.
Fifth. In English there is no such category of case. Case relations in sentences are most often transmitted by the position of words in the sentence and certain constructions.
The sixth. For English, sometimes the identity of the single-root words of different parts of speech is characteristic (for example, a flower, a flower and a blossom are denoted by one word flower). That is why the order of words in phrases and sentences often plays a key role.
Seventh. In English, unlike Russian, there are articles - a certain - the, and an indefinite - a / an.
This seemingly trivial matter often causes language difficulties for the students, since the articles bear not only the semantic load in the sentence, but also are used in a number of stable phrases and expressions, the misuse of which can create a lot of unpleasant situations.
Eighth. As in any other language, in English, in colloquial speech, deviations from classical rules, simplifications, and phonetic differences are often observed.
Nevertheless, owning the basic classical variant, you can perceive various non-standard variants of the English language (for example, regional dialects) without much difficulty.
This is not all the features of the English language, but they are enough to get a general idea of the language and confidently move on.
References:
1. I.I. Popov, P.B. Khramtsov, N.V. Maksimov. Introduction to network information resources and technologies. Tutorial. Moscow: RPGU, 2001, 207 p.
2. Official site "AKDI Economics and Life" - www.akdi.ru
3. F.V. Shutilov, M.V. Zelinskaya, M.F. Bovykina Types of information technology
UDC 616.441
Muminiva G.A.
Andijan State Medical Institute Uzbekistan, Andijan THYROID GLAND AND ITS MAIN PROPERTIES
Abstract: This article discusses the thyroid gland and its main properties.
Key words: Thyroid gland, organism, iodine, hormone
Thyroid gland (Latin glandula thyr (e) oidea) is an endocrine gland in vertebrates that stores iodine and produces iodine-containing hormones (iodothyronines) involved in the regulation of metabolism and the growth of individual cells, as well as the body as a whole - thyroxine (tetriodothyronine, T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The synthesis of these hormones occurs in epithelial follicular cells, called thyrocytes.
Calcitonin, a peptide hormone, is also synthesized in the thyroid gland: in parafollicular or C-cells. It compensates for bone deterioration by embedding calcium and phosphate in bone tissue, and also prevents the formation of osteoclasts, which in the activated state can lead to the destruction of bone tissue, and stimulates the functional activity and reproduction of osteoblasts. Thus, it participates in the regulation of the activity of these two types of formations, thanks to the hormone, new bone tissue is formed faster. The thyroid gland is located in the neck under the larynx in front of the trachea. In humans, it has the shape of a butterfly and is located on the surface of the thyroid cartilage. Diseases
