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Kobilov A. U.
Tashkent State University of Economics DIGITAL ECONOMY AND ITS ROLE IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM
Abstract. This article theoretically investigates the essence of the digital economy, its role and impact on the education system. In the context of a pandemic and the "Year of Science, Education and Development of the Digital Economy", the work done to digitalize the education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan was analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis, scientifically based proposals were put forward to accelerate the introduction of the digital economy into the education system of Uzbekistan.
Keywords: digital economy, digital technologies, education system, science, "on-line school", "electronic textbook".
In the progress of achieving digital technology, science and research play an important role in achieving development. Today, information technology penetrates into all industries in the world.
The widespread introduction of digital technologies in public administration and the pursuit of modern knowledge will contribute to the well-being of our people. The spiritual and enlightened generation is a key factor in the development of the country.
Uzbekistan is taking comprehensive measures to actively develop the digital economy, the transition to a digital economy through the widespread introduction of modern information and communication technologies in all sectors and industries, especially in public administration, education, healthcare and agriculture.
The digital economy is a system of economic, social and cultural communications based on the use of digital technologies. Sometimes it is also expressed in terms of the internet economy, the new economy, or the web economy. This is not some other economy that needs to be created from scratch. This means translating the existing economy into a new system by creating new technologies, platforms and business models and implementing them into everyday life.
Its signs:
- high degree of automation;
- electronic document management;
- electronic integration of accounting and management systems;
- electronic databases;
- presence of CRM (system of interaction with clients);
- corporate networks.
We all know that science, education and upbringing are the cornerstone of development, as well as the force that makes the country a strong and great
nation. Our future, the bright future of our Motherland, is closely connected, first of all, with the education system and the upbringing of our children.
Therefore, in recent years, in order to comprehensively develop our country, create a new Uzbekistan, radical reforms have been carried out in the education system, as well as in all areas.
In the current difficult period, when Uzbekistan, like other countries of the world, is experiencing a coronavirus pandemic, the country's education system has also passed a serious test. Despite today's difficult conditions, as a result of timely measures taken by the state, the online school project and distance learning were implemented in a short time.
Also, such systems as "Online School", "Digital and Safe School", "Electronic Textbook", "Electronic Diary" were introduced. By the end of 2021, it is planned to increase the level of broadband Internet access in schools to 80%, in the future to provide 100% Internet in all schools, and also to allocate funds from the state budget for this purpose.
Unprecedented attention is being paid to a radical reform of the national education system, based on the idea that "New Uzbekistan begins at the doorstep of the school." Much is being done to develop science, culture and art, literature, sports, improve the efficiency of spiritual and educational work, realize the talents and abilities of young people, especially our girls.
All this lays the foundation for the Third Renaissance in Uzbekistan - a new era of national development.
The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev noted: "I personally believe that our enthusiastic scientists, who continue the scientific traditions of our great ancestors, will make science the engine of our development and make important discoveries that will serve the development of the country" [1].
Recently, school education in Uzbekistan has become a nationwide movement and a new era has begun in the development of the industry. As a practical manifestation of this movement, 77 new schools worth 556 billion soums have been built over the past two years. Reconstruction and repair work carried out in 1930 schools.
At the same time, a wide path is opening for the private education system. In this regard, the procedure for obtaining a license has been simplified. It is noteworthy that over the past three years their number has increased 6 times and reached 140.
A new school of information and communication technologies named after Muhammad al Khorezmi has opened in Tashkent. Currently, in order to increase the interest of children in IT technologies and create conditions for their development into mature professionals, 82 schools will be created in 2021, 64 in 2022, and 45 schools specializing in information technology in 2023 and will cover all districts and cities.
Today's dynamic world requires each of us to constantly seek, take initiative and work in new ways.
Today, every teacher and teacher of the university should be the most advanced representative of modernity and society, able to apply the latest positive innovations in the field of education and science in the educational process.
Over the past 4 years, 47 new higher educational institutions have been opened in Uzbekistan, including branches of foreign universities, as a result of which the number of higher educational institutions at the beginning of 2021 reached 130.
On the basis of the public-private partnership system, the activities of non-state higher educational institutions are being established. By studying the opinion of the population, forms of correspondence and evening education were revived, and admission quotas were increased. Graduate enrollment in higher education increased from 9% in 2016 to 25% in 2020. A mechanism has been created to provide advanced training and training for teachers in higher educational institutions and research institutions abroad. Their monthly salary increased by an average of 2.5 times compared to 2018. Since 2020, 10 higher educational institutions have been transferred to a self-supporting system.
According to the State Program for the implementation of the Action Strategy in five priority areas of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021, in the Year of Science, Education and the Development of the Digital Economy, it was planned to bring the connection of secondary schools to broadband Internet up to 70%. The source of financing will be budgetary funds, JSC "Uzbektelecom" and other funds.
The program provides for the selection of at least 5 universities on a competitive basis, the beginning of their transformation in cooperation with leading foreign universities, the attraction of state budget funds, as well as grants from foreign financial institutions. The program provides for the identification of organizations providing "Proofreading service", the costs associated with the preparation of scientific publications for publication in international folk magazines, which are funded by the Foundation for the Support of Innovative Development and Innovative Ideas.
State budget funds are defined as centralized investments, budgetary funds provided for by the estimated expenditures of ministries, departments and organizations.
Table. Sources of funding for the state program "Years of Science, Education and Development of the Digital Economy" [2]_
Sources of financing Billion soums Million US dollars
Total costs for the implementation of the activities of the State Program in 2020 18 171,4 10 301,5
State budget funds and state trust funds 12 883,7 —
Funds of performers and charitable organizations 1 426,5 —
Loans from commercial banks 561,2 —
Funds and non-discriminatory assistance from international organizations, financial institutions 3 300,0 10 301,5
On April 28, 2020, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev signed a resolution "On measures for the widespread introduction of the digital economy and e-government" [3].
The document provides for the accelerated formation of the digital economy with a doubling of its share in the country's gross domestic product by 2023. All healthcare institutions, schools, pre-school education organizations, villages and mahallas should be connected to high-speed Internet in 2020-2021. The share of electronic public services is planned to be increased to 60% by 2022.
The resolution also provides for the development of "digital entrepreneurship" with an increase in the volume of services in this area by 2023 by three times and bringing their exports to $100 million.
Widespread introduction of digital technologies is planned at all stages of the education system. By 2022, digital knowledge training centers will open in all regions of the country as part of the Five Initiatives project.
The Ministry for the Development of Information Technologies and Communications is designated as the authorized body in the field of development of the digital economy and e-government. The National Agency for Project Management under the President retains the authority to implement crypto assets and blockchain technology.
Here are our proposals aimed at accelerating the introduction of the digital economy into the education system:
-further development of the technopark of software products and information technologies by organizing support for start-up projects in all areas, including on the basis of venture financing, and creating favorable conditions for IT companies;
- development of digital skills among the population, especially among young people;
- it is necessary to develop a system of public-private partnership in the industry and increase the share of the non-state sector;
- increasing the role of heads of district and city departments of public education in the system.
In conclusion, we note that the present, rapidly developing time requires us to constantly take the initiative and work on something new. The more educated our children leave school, the faster the sectors of the economy based on high technologies develop, the more social problems they can solve.
References:
1. Speech by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev at the meeting dedicated to the Day of teachers and mentors, 09/30/2020. -[Electronic resource].
2. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated November 12, 2020 "On measures to introduce fundamentally new mechanisms into the activities of primary health care institutions and further increase the effectiveness of reforms in the healthcare system" No. UP-6110 // National Database of Legislation, 13.11. 2020, No. 06/20/6110/1512
3. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on April 28, 2020 "On measures for the widespread introduction of the digital economy and e-government" No. PP-4699 // National Legislation Database, April 29, 2020, No. 07/20/4699/0520; July 24, 2020, No. 06/20/6033/1094
4. Abroskin A.S. International experience in measuring the digital economy // Bulletin of the University. - 2018. - No. 12. - S. 59-63.
