CC BY
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_МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ «СИМВОЛ НАУКИ» №10-3/2016 ISSN 2410-700Х_
ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
УДК 82-92
Chernukho M.V.
student
Faculty of Slavic philology and journalism
Taurida Academy V.I.Vernadsky Crimean Federal University Simferopol, Crimea, Russian Federation Bochkareva T.V senior lecturer Foreign philology institute Taurida Academy V.I.Vernadsky Crimean Federal University Simferopol, Crimea, Russian Federation
DIFFERENT TYPES OF JOURNALISM AND THEIR LANGUAGE PECULIARITIES
Annotation
The article deals with language peculiarities of different types of journalism. The authors of the article want to analyze the difference between standard literary language of civic journalism and colloquial informal language of citizen journalism. The authors want to emphasize advantages and disadvantages of linguistic peculiarities of popular styles of journalism.
Keywords
Journalism, language, citizen, blogging, peculiarity/
Journalism is one of the most ancient professions in the world. There were many things that contributed to the birth of journalism. Everybody knows what the subject of journalist's profession is. This is word. The language should correspond to the purpose of a newspaper article. Today journalism performs informational function, because its main task is provision public with news that take place in the world. People suppose public press to follow norms of correct literary language. Information should have clear, logical linguistic form. This is one of the goals of press today.
We have used comparative analysis of language peculiarities of two popular types of modern journalism. The first is civic journalism. It appeared in the pre-Internet era and means professional activity, but it is aimed at developing civil activity of readers, listeners and viewers. A journalist should take into account interests of the public. He has only one goal during the work. This is a reliable coverage and protection of society through the media space. Civic journalism is the basis of the world of journalism. The language of civil journalism has ".. .coherent and logical syntactic structure, with an expanded system of connectives and its careful paragraphing." [1, 17]. The language of this type of journalism can be colloquial but it certainly possesses certain linguistic norms, grammar structures, literary vocabulary.
The main feature of civic journalist is free, unbiased and honest coverage of events, protecting interests of society and stabilizing of informational chaos. It has to follow the Code of professional ethics of journalists. Civic journalism must accept this code, approve it and comply with its norms, as this is an important and integral part of public and professional duty. Professional ethics includes the necessity to use correct literary norms of language. The chaos of language is impossible for this style. Moreover, civic j ournalism has no right to cause harm to anyone using incomplete or inaccurate information or intentional concealment of socially important information or dissemination of false information. It has no right to hurt personal feelings by using rude, humiliating words. Specialists working in this type of journalism respect people and respect language.
Online media are resources in the Internet that perform all media functions. The Internet, like all traditional
_МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ «СИМВОЛ НАУКИ» №10-3/2016 ISSN 2410-700Х_
media produces information generated at regular time by journalistic team and reflects life of society. Online publications are characterized by traditional features that belong to the category of mass media, and they have a number of specific features, such as multimedia functions, hypertextuality and interactivity.
Multimedia mean the ability to use text, graphics, audio and video materials. Hypertextuality is a communication system between individual documents by hyperlinks. Interactivity allows a journalist to discuss the most pressing issues.
Civic journalism is gradually transforming into citizen. This type of journalism is based on the opinion that citizens play an active role in the process of collecting, reporting, analyzing, and disseminating news and information. Citizen journalism involves activities of nonprofessional authors who work in the Internet, in social networks or through microblogging, as well as on different sites of traditional media. The language is less traditional; we see many colloquial words.
Young people are active surfers of the Net. They can take photos and videos and then show them in social network. Citizen journalists can compete with professionals in the sphere of covering news. Due to the availability of up - to- date technology, citizen journalists can often tell about breaking news more quickly than traditional media. Any person can become citizen journalist if he wants to share his opinion with people.
We also want to consider a new direction in modern civil Russian journalism, which is called blogging. Blog is a regularly updated web page posted on the website, materials of which can include texts, pictures and video, located in reverse chronological order. Online media provide a free platform for publications - blog hosting. The emergence of blogging has allowed each person to feel like journalist. People of different professions and ages can have their blogs. Bloggers respond to events very quickly. This is the advantage of this type of journalism. However, this type is characterized by deviations from traditional language standards. The language is mainly colloquial, it doesn't follow strict rules, it includes neologisms, numerous abbreviations, that are sometimes not fully understandable to the reader. Bloggers are free lancers and their creative activity is not strictly observed.
Civic and citizen journalism and blogging are used widely by journalists in modern life. In our time citizen journalism is getting more and more popular. The language of citizen journalism has its week and strong points. It is simple language; everybody can express his opinion using ordinary vocabulary. However, it should be remembered that talking in public is always responsible, it is necessary to follow language standards to make positive impression on readers. There should be culture in any piece of news and in any article.
Today we should answer a question «Is the civic journalism, especially blogging, able to replace professional journalism?» A number of journalists think that blogging helps journalists find the subject and indicate shortcomings. Other professionals, such as ex-chief editor of the business Internet newspaper "Vzglyad" Alexander Shmelev, believes that journalists-lovers do not have any responsibility for the quality of information which is published in blogs, they can place in their online diaries any facts that can include misleading, so their activity cannot be equated to the work of professional journalists. The authors of this work agree with his opinion. References:
1. The peculiarities of news reports in English mass media texts [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: bibliofond.ru / 01.10.2016. - Загл. с экрана.
2. Citizen Journalism [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: http://mashable.com/category/citizen-journalism/ - 05.04.2016 г. Загл. с экрана
3. Citizen Journalism [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199756841/obo-9780199756841-0169.xml -05.04.2016 г. Загл. с экрана
4. Civic Journalism [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: http://www.dse.vic.gov.au/effective-engagement/toolkit/tool-civic-journalism - 05.04.2016 г. Загл. с экрана
5. Гражданская журналистика: к истории становления термина [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: http://www.mediascope.ru/node/896 - 05. 04. 2016 г. - Загл. с экрана
6. The Ethics of Civic Journalism: Independence as the Guide [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа : http://www.poynter.org/2002/the-ethics-of-civic-journalism-independence-as-the-guide/2128/ - 05.04.2016 г. Загл. с экрана
МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ «СИМВОЛ НАУКИ» №10-3/2016 ISSN 2410-700Х
7. Гражданская журналистика [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: http://repetitora.com/grazhdanskaya-zhurnalistika - 05.04.2016 г. Загл. с экрана
8. ГРАЖДАНСКАЯ ЖУРНАЛИСТИКА [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: http://www.anton-lazarev.ru/grazhdanskaya-zhurnalistika/ - 05.04.2016 г. Загл. с экрана
© СЬегпикЬо М.У., ВосЬгаг^ Т.У., 2016.
УДК 81
Акопян Ануш Вагановна
канд. филол. наук, доцент ЕГУ г. Ереван, РА E-mail: hakobyananoush@yahoo.com anush.hakobyan@ysu.am
РЕФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНЫЕ И МОДАЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ СЛОЖНЫХ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЙ
Аннотация
В статье рассматриваются референциальные и модальные характеристики двучленных сложносочиненных и сложноподчиненных предложений, где каждая из составляющих ситуаций может принимать реальное, потенциальное или нереальное значение.
Ключевые слова
Сложные предложения, пространство, время, реальность, нереальность, потенциальность.
Язык связан с мышлением и действительностью, и при его разностороннем изучении возможны отличные друг от друга подходы: соотнесение языка одновременно с мышлением и действительностью, соотнесение языка только с мышлением или только с действительностью и изучение языка вне его связи с мышлением и действительностью [4, с. 12]. Объектом изучения референции, как известно, является исследование взаимосвязи высказывания и его значимых единиц с реальными событиями и ситуациями, имеющими место в действительности. Теория референции исследует процесс такого языкового представления предметов и явлений действительности, при котором они становятся более понятными и распознаваемыми для адресата.
Референция некоторого субъекта определяет логическое содержание и истинность или ложность высказывания, связанного с этим субъектом [8]. "Поэтому естественно, что явления, связанные с референцией, издавна привлекали к себе внимание логиков" [2, с. 6]. Референция в полном ее объеме осуществляется говорящим в речевом акте, и ее основными проблемами являются "... проблемы механизмов и средств актуализации предложения, включенного в речевой акт и превращенного в высказывание" [10, с.
3].
Бесконечное множество объектов, различных событий, ситуаций, неисчерпаемое многообразие их свойств, взаимосвязаных в реальном мире, представляются в пространстве и изменяются во времени. Основным существенным отличием темпоральных характеристик от пространственных заключается в их необратимости, что накладывает отпечаток на языковые конструкции, которыми описываются те или иные положения вещей в реальном мире. Исследование и анализ таких конструкций, которые прямо или косвенно связаны с пространственно-временными характеристиками, проводятся в двух направлениях: язык в пространстве и времени и пространство и время в языке. Специфика лингвистического аспекта категории времени подчиняется физической и философской сторонам единого целого и требует особого изучения [6, с. 111].
В высказываниях, оформленных предложениями, пространственно-временные связи передаются как
