CC BY
0
Turgunbayeva D. graduate student (on the object of study) specialty Andijan State University Geography
DEVELOPMENT TENDENCY OF POPULATION MIGRATION
Abstract. In this article, the main problems of migration, the economic situation of migrants, the main reasons for internal migration, the reasons for the migration of migrants, therefore, this study tries to reveal the socio-economic conditions of migrant workers and their impact on their lifestyle.
Keywords; migration, migrant, trend, socio-political reasons, forced migration, communal functions, rural population, developing countries, global population.
Human beings are restless and mobile creature. Human beings have been migrated from one place to other place; in time and space its advent the planet's known history is full of eventful migration (Kenkel, 1997). It not only pr o v ides opportunities for employment but also improves the socio-economic condition of migr ant ho us eholds (Arif, 2005). Migration is shift from a place of residence to another place for some length o f time or permanently including different types of voluntary movements. It has great impact on economic, social, cultural and psychologic al life o f people, both at place of emigration as well as of migration (Kaur, 2003). Diversification of economy and increased land productivity in certain areas, rapid improvement in transport and communication means, improvement in education, increase in population pressure and zeal for improving living added momentum to the mobility of population in India (Roy, 2011).As sufficient local labour was not available, farmers of the state had to depend on the migratory labour for various agricultural operations, especially during peak seasons (Sidhu et al., 1997). The social factors like network of the co-villagers and caste fellows started attracting the migration. Some other factors that compelled them to move to Punjab were incidence of floods, droughts, nonavailability of jobs, poverty and indebtedness at their native place (Gupta, 1991; Gupta and Bhakoo, 1980). Raghunath Reddy (1996) states that the new economic policy affects the poor adversely and thereby register a rise in poverty and unemployment among rural labourers. J.K. Singh (1996) states that the labourers are exploited more in organized sector of the nation. Increase in the process of development has also increased the exploitation of labour. U. Tataji (1986) takes up the issue of the absorption of the migrant labour force in the formal and informal sectors of the urban economy and the pattern of work organization. According to United Nations (2003), internal migration is almost four times as large as international migration. Hence, the present study makes an attempt in
unravelling the issues of socio-economic conditions of the migrant unorganised workers and its impact on their livelihoods.
Objectives of the StudyThis study is based on the following objectives:
1. To study the socio-economic characteristics of the sample unorganised migrants in the study area;
2. To find out the various reasons for migration among unorganised workers in the study area;
3. To examine the sources of information about job opportunities;
4. To measure the effect by migration;
5. To understand the problems of employment.MethodologyThe present study has covered Tirunelveli District. The primary data was collected with the help of specially prepared interview schedule. Totally 90 respondents were selected using simple random sampling method. This is purely a descriptive study. The data relates to the month of September 2015. A separate interview schedule was designed, pilot tested and used for data collection. For analyzing the data statistical tools such as percentages, averages, Chi-square tests, Garret ranking method and probability analysis technique were used.It is observed from the above table that, out of the 90 respondents, 74.4% are males and 25.6% are females.From the table, it is revealed that the percentage of middle age respondents is more i.e., 59%. As per the survey middle age groups involvements is higher than that of old and young aged groups in the study area.The table reveals that out of 90 migrants, about 65% were married, 7% were widow 4% was separated and 24% were unmarried. Thus, 65% were the married unorganised migrants.The table reveals that the majority of the respondents belong to Backward Caste and their percentage is 75.The table gives a picture on the educational background of the samples. ...
"Internal migration" in China mainly refers to the movement of migrant workers with rural hukou (household registration) rights from the countryside to the big cities, in search of work. The government has relaxed the restrictions on household registration in order to promote labor mobility, following the policy of reforms and Migration is the move from one geographic location to another. Residential migration occurs when the household (or person) changes its place of residence by moving from one neighborhood to another within the same locality. Internal migration occurs when the household moves across larger geographically distinct units - such as counties, metropolitan areas, states, or provinces - but remains within the same country. International migration occurs when the household moves across national boundaries.
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another with the intentions of settling, permanently or temporarily in a new location. This type of movement could be from one country to another or internal migration like among the states of a country, such as from rural-rural, rural-urban, urban-urban or urban -rural. Individuals may migrate as a person, in family units or in large groups. If A person is forced to move from his home to another place due to natural disaster
or civil disturbance may be described as a refugee. Migrants continually face difficulties in becoming a full part of the economic, cultural, social and political lives of society. This paper is an attempt to understand the causes and nature of migration and also gender wise migration patterns in India and issues underlying it. Due to urbanization changes occur in socio-economic conditions, migrants are attracted to urban areas in recent times. Inter-state migration among males to urban area shows precedence growth reflecting migration of people from lower socio-economic class while a large percentage of females migrate mostly due to marriage. The reason for such divergent pattern of migration within a period of 10 years really needs to be investigated. Index Terms Labour, urbanization, migration, marriage
Opening up since the late 1970s. Large numbers of rural farmers turned workers have made a major contribution to china's development. Meanwhile, this migration has generated many negative consequences. This entry provides a description of the social facts of rural-urban migration in terms of its size, demographic characteristics, regional and industrial distribution and of the social problems faced by the migrants, including ethnic minority ones, over a period of four decades.
Circular migration has been practiced and become significant phenomenon of social, demographic, and economic in indonesia, especially in the Java Island. The temporary movement pattern' between rural and urban which has been practiced since long time ago, shows a quite unique pattern of the livelihood of rural people in which could provide benefits for the migrants' family in rural area, as well as fulfilling labour demand in the city and in the rural area. Sadly, in Indonesia, there is no data or adequate tools to predict or respond to the existence of circular migrants in the city (Hugo, 1982).
References:
1.Massey, Duglas S., Xoakin Arango, Grem Gyugo, Ali Kovauci, Adela Pellegrino va J. Edvard Teylor.
2.1993. "Xalqaro migratsiya nazariyalari: ko'rib chiqish va baholash", Aholi va taraqqiyot sharhi 19: 431-66.
3.Massey, Duglas S., Xoakin Arango, Grem Gyugo, Ali Kovauci, Adela Pellegrino va J. Edvard Teylor. 1993.
4."Xalqaro migratsiya nazariyalari: ko'rib chiqish va baholash", Aholi va rivojlanish sharhi 19: 431-66. R.438;
5.Mincer, Yakob, 1978. "Oilaviy migratsiya qarorlari", Journal of Political Economy 86: 749-73.; Stark, Oded. 1991.
6.Mehnat migratsiyasi. Kembrij: Bazil Blekvell. Sassen, Saskia. 1991.
7.Global shahar. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
