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19
Norov Nusratjon Nuraliyevich, Khudaynazarova Yulduz Djumanazarovna,
Senior teachers,
Tashkent institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Tashkent, Uzbekistan E-mail: raximov. 12081979@mail.ru
DEVELOPMENT OF VOLUME-PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTIVE SOLUTION OF HOUSES WITH SOLAR HEAT SUPPLY
Abstract: The article shows the use in heliohouses of the passive solar heating system in the form of stained glass, the wall of Tromb, the attached greenhouse or greenhouse, and their energy efficiency.
Keywords: heliohouses; solar heat supply; solar systems; architectural and planning solutions; helio-facade; blinds, hot climate.
Introduction. Heliohouses for oasis areas are characterized by the use of a passive solar heating system in the form of stained glass, the wall of the Trombus, an attached greenhouse or a greenhouse. General requirements for buildings in these areas are: an open type of development, the orientation of residential and flight rooms to the south, reducing heat loss and the device of sun protection.
For heliohouses in the desert regions, the use of a passive heliosystem or a combined-passive system in combination with an active system of solar heat supply (using flat collectors) is typical. The architectural and planning solutions of these buildings should provide for a compact type of build-
Pettle accumulator .External heat accumulated uall
Figure 1. Plan of the experimental heliohouses
ing, a wide building block, the necessary measures to reduce heat loss (wall insulation, the choice of the appropriate types of windows and doors, shutters on windows, special blinds, adjustable depending on the intensity of solar radiation; reduction of air filtration), solar protection devices [1].
A project was developed, which built the building in the Tashkent region as an experimental laboratory for an all-season study of thermal processes taking place in a solar house with passive solar heating technology. The architectural solution with single-row arrangement of premises is chosen so that to combine in one building several kinds of passive heating (Figure-1).
Section 15. Technical science
Figure 2. Building Breakdown
Taking into account the specifics of rural construction and the availability of materials, the following basic designs are selected(Figure 2).
Conclusions. The developed variants of apartment houses with application of solar heat supply allowed to draw the following conclusions:
1 - in Central Asia, heliohouses with passive and active solar energy systems are currently being built, which were developed without any architectural, theoretical and practical basis for the formation of residential buildings, including the functions of using solar heat for power supply. It is necessary to search for new approaches to designing houses with solar heat supply [2].
2 - architectural and planning solutions for heliohouses with passive system in oasis areas should provide an open view of the buildings. These buildings should have a narrow housing with the arrangement of helioelements on the southern facade or on the roof. It is possible to organize double-light common rooms or summer rooms and halls overlooking the southern facade (apartments located on two levels). in a few and multi-storey heliohouses, the summer room facing the helio-facade should be solved outside the light front of the living rooms, having it in the back of the apartment (recessed loggias).
The solar collectors should be provided without prejudice to the functional organization of the household processes occurring in the summer premises. For the summer, spring, autumn periods, it is necessary to provide for the opening of the glazed enclosure. In heliohouses with passive helio heat
supply systems, it is necessary to comply with measures to reduce heat loss.
3 - In the design of residential buildings with solar heat supply for desert regions, a passive or combined (active with passive) solar heating system with the use of flat collectors is proposed. For residential buildings with solar systems, closed-circuit or semi-closed space-planning solutions are recommended.
These houses have a wide enclosure with the possibility of location on the southern facade of the collectors and translucent inserts in the walls of the facades. In residential buildings, it is also necessary to use measures to reduce heat losses, it is recommended to install lifting louvers on light.
One side of the blind can be painted black, and the other is covered with reflective silver paint. Blinds can have different positions and functions: in winter, the black side of the blind can be turned outward. Blinds in this case will form a continuous vertical surface, the silver part of the blinds will reflect the heat back into the room. In summer, you can turn the blinds with the silver side outward to reflect the sun's rays. By increasing the thickness of the blinds by filling them with insulation, it is possible to reduce heat input in the summer and heat loss in winter.
4 - in low-rise apartment houses with a courtyard, used as a damper space, for winter period it is necessary to cover it with double glazing. Dwellings with a courtyard are traditional for the regions of Central Asia and reflect the centuries-old experience of adapting a person to a sharply continental climate with hot summers and cold winters. This
layout of the dwelling allows obtaining a dense building, due to which the area of external fences cooled in winter and heated in the summer by the feature of heliohouses with an internal courtyard is minimized, is the presence of a compact rectangular yard plan. Apartments can be solved as one level, and two level or one-two level.
5 - room in residential houses with passive heat supply systems are located along the south side of the facade. In the case of two-row accommodation, the rooms of the northern orientation must be directly connected. The general room is desirable to provide two-way, which ensures the delivery of heat by air from the helio-facade to the rooms of the northern orientation. In this case, doorways must be arranged, on the contrary.
6 - when using the combined system of helio heat supply of a dwelling, flat solar collectors are used as the simplest active solar system, for which air or liquid (water, oil, antifreeze) is used as a coolant.
One of the factors in choosing the type of coolant is the size, the width of the building, the larger the building, the farther away the room from the solar receiver, the more rational is the use of the liquid system.
To achieve the same efficiency with air systems, it is necessary to provide air ducts of large cross-section or to provide high speeds of air movement in combination with powerful fans. Therefore, when using flat collectors ofan active solar system for large buildings with a wide enclosure or groups located on the territory of buildings, it is necessary to install liquid helio systems.
7 - in residential buildings with solar heat supply in various passive heat supply systems, the area of the helio surface may amount to 60-70% of the heated area (the glazing of the courtyards at that-1/3 of all helio surfaces) with the joint application of the glazing of the summer rooms of the southern orientation and active solar systems in low-rise dense buildings can achieve 40-60% of heat supply.
References:
1. Kharchenko N. V. Individual solar installations.- Moscow,- 1991.
2. Zokhidov M. M., Norov N. N. "Energy-efficient buildings", "Housing construction", 5.- 2003 - Moscow. Publishing house "Ladya".
