CC BY
12УДК 336
DEVELOPMENT OF MAIN ACCUMULATION PROGRAM ON INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
Imomov Rustam, Andijan agricultural institute, Andijan, Uzbekistan
Abduhalilov Abdurashid, Andijan agricultural institute, Andijan, Uzbekistan, E-mail: bankgni@mail.ru
Abstract. Economic entities in the economy, including small business and private entrepreneurship, do not always have access to credit. Therefore, there is a need for leasing services, which is a type of rent of non-traditional financial instruments. This type of service has started to evolve, as it is favorable for both customers and commercial banks. Due to the development of such operations, it was necessary to further improve the accounting of rent transactions in the business entities.
Аннотация. Экономические субъекты в экономике, включая малый бизнес и частное предпринимательство, не всегда имеют доступ к кредитам. Поэтому существует потребность в лизинговых услугах, которые являются видом аренды нетрадиционных финансовых инструментов. Этот вид услуг начал развиваться, поскольку он благоприятен как для клиентов, так и для коммерческих банков. В связи с развитием таких операций авторами поставлена задача исследовать вопросы учета операций по аренде в субъектах хозяйствования.
Key words: international standards, economy, financial, service, development, business.
Ключевые слова: международные стандарты, экономика, финансы, сервис, развитие, бизнес.
At the moment rent is an important component of the investment policy of many countries. The saturation and widespread lease operations are a feature of the country's economy.
Replacement of production capacities with modern and efficient machinery, equipment is one of the most important tasks. In the world, the purchase of modern and highly effective techniques and technologies under a financial lease is crucial in addressing these issues. In turn, a reliable accounting of lease relations creates an opportunity for enterprises to objectively reflect the results of the use of the lease object.
Enterprises that lease fixed assets are afraid of the high lease payments and impossibility to pay them on time. This should not be considered astonishing by international experience. Because here insurance companies offer their services.
In many countries, financial leasing is most often used for tax breaks. It is about the possibility of applying an accelerated amortization for taxation of the object of leasing because the accelerated depreciation is based on leasing. This is confirmed by the fact that over the last several decades, leasing has become a powerful financial instrument in the United States and Western Europe, primarily based on accelerated depreciation tax incentives.
It can solve leasing problems with international standards because it can be financed up to 100% of the leased asset value. Bank loans are typically limited to 80% of the asset's value, and can also be agreed on a fixed interest rate, and for bank loans, floating interest rates. Rental transactions can be made as an operating lease allowing the borrower to fund a report that is out of balance when there is a debt limit. It is easier to rent equipment ready for use rather than to order equipment for long-term parking.
Sometimes assets are only required for a temporary, seasonal, or occasional purchase, in which case the lease will also help to resolve problems that are inadequate to own assets.
Leasing assets in a relatively short period of ownership allows the lessee to "safeguard" new products from outdated products and high tech equipment. Apart from its superiority, rentals also have shortcomings. 100% financing of leased assets represents high interest rates in money terms. Seasonal rental can not be guaranteed if the equipment is available at the right time.
Below, we have tried to point out the differentiation and similarity of the international and national standards "Rental Account".
The following are the deductions that may be required for the payment of minimum lease payments, as set out in International Accounting Standard # 17, "Leasehold Account": Conditional rentals and services and taxes payable or payable to the lessee:
a) for the lessee - any amount guaranteed by the lessee or his related party; or
b) for the lessor - the amount of any residual value guaranteed to the lessor by:
- renter;
- the party concerned; or
- not related to the lessor and on the warranty a third party that is financially able to perform obligations.
However, if the lessee has the right to acquire the asset at a lower price than its fair value, as a result of which the realization of the right can be calculated at the beginning of the lease, the minimum lease payments may be deducted from the minimum expected payment for the lease term payments, and fees for the exercise of this right. A rental agreement or agreement requires a change in the cost of building or
buying a rental facility or any other measure of value, such as price levels, change, or changes in the rental cost of the lessee, for a period between the beginning of the lease and the beginning of the lease may include. In such a case, the effects of such changes in the standard shall be deemed to exist at the beginning of the lease.
The description of the lease covers the asset lease agreements, which enable the lessee to exercise the right of ownership after the terms of the agreement have been met. These contracts are sometimes known as lease agreements that give them the right to buy.
Lessors should, however, disclose the following for a finance lease, in addition to complying with IFRS 7 "Financial Instruments: Disclosures":
a) the net carrying amount at each reporting date for each group of assets.
b) a comparison between the total sum of the minimum minimum lease payments and their value at the end of the reporting period. Additionally, the entity shall disclose the aggregate amount of future lease payments at the end of the reporting period and their value for each of the following periods:
- up to one year;
- period from one to five years; more than five years.
c) conditional rent recognized as an expense for the period.
d) The total amount of minimum lease payments expected to be received in future secondary rental agreements that are not prematurely terminated at the end of the reporting period.
d) general description of the lessor's lease agreements, including, but not limited to, the following:
- On the basis of the conditional rent payable;
- reorganization of a contract or a leased asset review rights and prices the conditions and conditions of the conditions;
- limitations on lease agreements, such as paying dividends, attracting additional debt, and creating new lease agreements.
In addition, lessees should disclose information in accordance with IFRS 16, BHRS 36, BHRS 38, BHRS 40 and BHRS 41 when obtaining a finance lease.
In the National Accounting Standard 6, the financial statements and the explanatory note provide the following:
a) information on the value of assets accounted for as rental (leasing) objects at the date of issue of the financial statement.
Borrowings related to the leasehold (receivable or payable) should be recognized separately from other debts, both financial and operational;
b) in the aggregate form, with respect to the amount of the lease payments and the period of payment;
c) significant financial constraints, restitution of financial lease, purchase of financial lease objects and other unusual (casual) circumstances related to financial lease;
d) the amount of lease payments and the income of the lessor (lessor) on the date of each financial statement and the guaranteed residual value of the item of financial lease;
d) the method used to allocate the income of the lessor (lessor) on the interest payable to the balance of the liability not paid for the financial lease period;
e) Information on the amount of future lease payments (leasing payments) expected to be received from the secondary rental (secondary rental) on the date of the financial report;
j) General description of the key terms of the lease agreement.
The main purpose of any entrepreneurial activity is to achieve a profitable return on a profitable basis so as to develop own and national economy, one of the main reasons that hinders the development of leasing activities and finding its place in the economy is the sale of real estate, is a high yield of deposits.
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