CC BY
4
UDK 63
Abdurazakova N.M.
docent Xabibullayeva U.X. master student
Tashkent institute of irrigation and agricultural
mechanization engineers Uzbekistan, Tashkent
DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE PROCESSES IN AGRO-INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF THE REPUBLIC IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODERNIZATION
Annotation: In this article highlights of development of innovative processes in agro-industrial production of the Republic in the conditions of modernization.
Key words: innovative process, agro-industrial production, development, modernization.
Analysis of the dynamics of agricultural indicators over the years of independence shows that, along with positive processes for the formation of a multi-layered economy and restructuring of farms, diversification of agricultural production, creation of market infrastructure, there are also negative trends in rural areas: reduction of state support in the investment sphere; reduction of the level of mechanization and chemization of agriculture; insufficient level of land productivity; disparity in prices for industrial and agricultural products.
Now it is necessary to form and develop new areas such as entrepreneurship and innovative processes that contribute to improving the competitiveness of agricultural products in the domestic and global markets, solving the problems of economic growth of production, etc.
The main task of the agro-industrial complex is to maximize the living standards of the population, employment and income of rural residents, as well as to strengthen the export potential of the Republic. State policy in agriculture is a set of specific measures to set priorities for innovative processes in the industry, the development and implementation of which affect the acceleration of modernization of agricultural production.
Gradual deepening of economic reforms in rural areas, increasing the role and status of the owner and entrepreneur in rural areas, support for the farmer movement are among the components of the state agrarian policy. As you know, the laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan "on farms" and" on dehkan farms", adopted in 1998, are the legal basis for the effective establishment of agricultural production in our country, the formation of economic forms based on market relations, and their comprehensive development. However, for the further development of farms and dekhkan farms of the Republic, it is necessary to define new conditions, preferences and stimulating factors, develop economic levers and
regulatory mechanisms. All this must first be reflected in the laws that regulate these processes in legal terms.
At the same time the above mentioned circumstances contribute to the activation of innovative activity in the agricultural sector:
- first, in the market conditions, there is a significant increase in interest in the in-depth processing of agricultural products, since as the degree of its readiness increases, the revenue from sales is provided. This encourages potential investors to invest not only in the agricultural sector, but also in the development of small industrial businesses in rural areas based on new technologies;
- secondly, increasing the capacity of these industries does not require significant funds and can give a return within one or two years;
- third, the above-mentioned areas of business activity do not require long-term training of qualified personnel and can be located in rural areas, where the main part of labor and raw materials are concentrated;
- fourth, in the agricultural sector, a certain part of the export potential of the Republic is concentrated, which allows in the conditions of liberalization of foreign economic activity to effectively solve the issues of providing newly created enterprises with modern, including imported, equipment and technologies.
The main features of the formation and development of the innovation process in agricultural production include the following:
- specifics of the main means of production in agriculture-land;
- multiplicity of types of agricultural products and products of its processing, a significant difference in the technology of their cultivation and production;
- significant differentiation of individual regions of the country in terms of production;
- high degree of territorial fragmentation of agricultural production;
- strong dependence of production technologies in agriculture on natural and weather conditions;
- seasonality of production in agriculture in General, in particular, a large difference in the period of production of certain types of agricultural products and products of its processing;
- isolation of agricultural producers from organizations that produce scientific and technical products;
- different social level of agricultural workers;
- multiplicity of different forms and connections of agricultural producers with innovative formations;
- lack or lack of qualified personnel and specialists in the field of commercialization of innovative developments;
- the lack of a clear and scientifically sound organizational and economic mechanism for the transfer of scientific achievements to the agricultural sector and, as a result, a significant lag in the development of industry innovations in production.
The formation of a market mechanism of management, the entry of Uzbekistan into the system of international division of labor are accompanied by the emergence of a number of complex economic problems in the process of implementing innovative activities, the unsolved nature of which becomes a serious obstacle to improving the competitiveness of the national economy. In modern conditions, the growth of competitiveness of the agricultural sector of the economy of Uzbekistan can be achieved only through the introduction of new technologies, goods and services. This will require improving the innovation climate in the agro-industrial sector, which will be facilitated by:
- creation of an effective management system for the agro-industrial complex;
- improvement of the mechanism for supporting innovation activities of agricultural enterprises;
- provision of financing of innovative works carried out by organizations and enterprises of agricultural industries under the state order. World experience confirms that scientific and technological progress is the only real basis for effective socio-economic transformations at both the macro and micro levels of national economic development. Countries that are not able to provide their economy with an innovative way of development will not be able to exist as competitive subjects of the world economic community. Uzbekistan differs from many countries with transforming economies in the existing scientific and technical potential, historical traditions of highly developed agricultural science, which is the most important strategic resource in modern conditions. Therefore, the desire to develop the innovative sphere and the deepening of market relations in the agricultural sector in the conditions of the world financial and economic crisis should objectively contribute to the emergence of competition for the right to use the most modern scientific developments in the field of agriculture and other areas of agriculture.
Demand and supply for scientific and technical products, as we know, is determined by the interest in it from producers in agriculture and other areas of agriculture and the ability to meet this demand by scientific institutions and relevant organizations. It is obvious that in the conditions of market relations, it is necessary to have a clear idea of how to form a market for scientific and technical products, as a result of which the demand and supply for this type of product can be maximally balanced.
State innovation policy in the agricultural sector should be based on the strategy of its development in the near and longer term, the main directions of which are:
- activation of scientific and technical activities and formation of effective agro-industrial production on this basis;
- material and technical support of the industry (the formation of a competitive environment and the elimination of monopolies);
- rational use of natural resources in agriculture (especially in terms of land and water resources);
- improvement of economic and land relations, rationalization of the structure of production and management, as well as the formation of motivational mechanisms to increase the productivity of the industry.
The ultimate goal of the innovation policy is to create conditions for the successful development of innovation and ensure the acceleration of scientific and technological progress in all sectors of agriculture, which consists in the technical and organizational and technological renewal of agricultural production, increasing labor productivity and efficiency.
The main directions of implementation of the state innovation policy in agriculture are:
- formation of branches of the innovation system in the agricultural sector, functioning on the basis of a unified scientific and technical policy of the state;
- activation of agricultural science activities for fundamental and applied research;
- state support for agricultural producers in order to restore their solvency and the ability to implement innovative activities;
- formation of an economic mechanism for managing and stimulating innovation processes in agriculture at all levels;
- development of international cooperation in the organization of innovation in agriculture.
Sources used:
1. Abdullaev R. V. Some aspects of standardization and certification of cotton fiber in Uzbekistan. // "Agriculture of Uzbekistan", no. 1, - Vol., 2001. pp. 10-12.
2. Morekhanova M. Y. Innovative development of the agrarian sector: social conditions and constraints. Twenty-sixth international Plekhanov readings. -Moscow, 2013. pp. 360-362.
3. Kadyrov A. M. Global trends of scientific and technological development and national innovation systems in conditions of globalization. // Market, money and credit. - T., 2012. pp. 43-51.
