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85DEVELOPMENT OF ECOTURISM IN UZBEKISTAN
Erkin Gulomkhasanov Umida Uktamova Sardor Akramov
KarSU
ABSTRACT
This article discusses the importance of the development of ecotourism in the territory of Uzbekistan and its prospects, and offers suggestions.
Keywords: Sustainable Tourism, Green Tourism, Tourism Development Concept, Reserves, Nature Parks, Amir Temur Cave.
The development of ecotourism in Uzbekistan is based on its spirituality, science, culture, enlightenment, nature protection, increasing the interest of ecotourists in our native nature, conservation of rare flora and fauna and solving the problems of endangered flora and fauna. Together, economic issues will contribute to improving the living standards of the local population, providing them with jobs, preserving our world-famous ancient cities and historical monuments, attracting foreign tourists, making our country more prosperous and improving the well-being of our compatriots. also expands tumor opportunities. Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in the world.
The flow of world tourism is moving from developed to developing countries. The tourism industry of developing countries is carried out at the expense of eco-tourism. According to experts, ecotourism covers 10-20% of the tourism market, and the growth rate is several times higher than the total percentage of the tourism industry. It is natural that the unique flora and fauna, archeological finds, paleontological remains, rare geological areas and natural monuments of the world attract the attention of foreigners.
Uzbekistan has great ecotourism potential among the Central Asian states and is highly competitive in this regard. However, due to the fact that the country is not fully developed to take full advantage of these opportunities, the number of tourists visiting the region is several times less than the reception capacity. The first reason for this process is the negative impact of the global financial and economic crisis on international tourism. International tourist activity has also declined during the crisis.
It should be noted that the development of ecotourism is not in demand in our country, which is very rich in ecotourism resources. One of the main obstacles to this is the lack of adequate conditions for the protection of hundreds and thousands of rare animals in Central Asia, as well as the population living near national parks and reserves. also neglect. In addition, the Republic of Uzbekistan is seriously damaging natural parks and reserves in the process of ruthless destruction of animals and plants listed in the Red Book. In order to solve such problems, in order to create new national
parks that can meet world standards, first of all, the potential indicators, goals, organizational and legal, environmental education and socio-economic services of ecotourism in Uzbekistan. The system of factors for the development of the industry should be carefully developed.
In this regard, the State Committee for Nature Protection has developed a "Concept for the development of ecotourism in the Republic of Uzbekistan and its long-term plans." It outlines organizational and legal aspects, ecological education and socioeconomic issues for the gradual development of ecotourism in the country. The goal of ecotourism is to use nature wisely in tourism to ensure the ecological security and sustainable development of present and future generations. Therefore, it is important to determine the role and importance of ecotourism in the economic development of the country, analyze the development parameters and apply it to tourism in the country, organize the market of ecotourism and develop its prospects. There are many pressing issues in the industry. Measures to improve the organization of ecotourism and its market, its place in general tourism, to determine the competitiveness of national tourism products in the international tourism market and to increase exports of tourism products in line with modern requirements. The study and development of scientific and practical directions in improving the management of ecotourism will contribute to the development of the industry.
In order to achieve these goals, the State Ecological Committee and the Ministry of Tourism and Sports propose to fulfill the following basic conditions:
• Study the development of the ecotourism industry as a whole socio-economic system and make suggestions for improving the laws and other regulations related to this process;
• Development of proposals to improve the social protection of the local population through the development of ecotourism at the level of local associations (associations);
• Assessment of the conditions and organizational and economic mechanisms of ecotourism development;
• Develop proposals for forecasting ecotourism development strategies and prospects;
• Improving the zoning of the national territory for ecotourism and identifying key areas for its future development.
The Ministry of tourism and sport, which is responsible for the development of tourism in Uzbekistan, has selected the State Committee for Nature Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as other courts and agencies and tourism organizations involved in the development of ecotourism. Currently, ecotourism products are in great demand among foreign and domestic tourists. It should be noted that before the creation and implementation of ecological routes in protected areas, tourism organizations
should cooperate with the administration of these areas, the State Committee for Nature Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as Uzbektourism. "National company or Uzstandard agency. The term "ecotourism" is often used when thinking about organizing nature trips. In fact, ecotourism is, on the one hand, a rapidly growing network in the tourism market, and on the other hand, a system based on the positive impact of man on nature. In addition, it is an integral part of tourism infrastructure and is a specific type of tourism in general. Its impact on the environment can vary (negative, neutral and positive). Ecotourism is widely used in the modern management of nature reserves and parks. The reason for the rapid growth of this type of travel around the world is not only the deterioration of the environment, but also more and more popular places of recreation - resorts in the mountains, the shores of warm seas, plains and forests. It is also being adjusted. The term ecotourism is often replaced by other terms, such as "natural tourism", "sustainable tourism", "green tourism", "responsible tourism" and "charitable tourism". Although some elements are the same, they are not necessarily synonymous with each other and do not replace each other. Ecotourism is a type of natural tourism. It can include some parts of nature tourism; such as adventure horseback riding or boat riding. Ecotourism is also part of tourism. Of course, there are auxiliary directions. For example, we consider the development of ecotourism in the case of the Gissar State Reserve in Yakkabag district of Kashkadarya region and the world-famous Amir Temur Cave. At the initiative of the Yakkabag district administration, members of the State Ecological Committee and the Ecological Party, construction is about to begin. The reserve is located in the Gissar mountain range. It was established in 1975 and belongs to the Red Water Department. The area is 80986 km2. It includes the protection of many endangered species of animals and plants. Foreign tourist visits to the first reserve increased rapidly in 1998, 1999 and 2000. Such tourist trips were carried out under the leadership of the famous Uzbek geographer Salohiddinov Asadbek. The main reason for tourist visits is a trip to the cave of Amir Temur. It is the longest cave in Central Asia, 870 meters long from west to east and 2750 meters above sea level. The width of the cave is 7-10, in some places more than 100 meters. There are sketches of the tactical methods of the great commander, the remains of the stable are preserved naturally. At the end of the cave there is a lake 5-6 meters deep. Mount Boburchi, located 8-10 km from the cave, also attracts everyone with its historical charm. This mountain is one of the highest mountain ranges in Yakkabog. The mountain is inextricably linked with the name of Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur, the grandson of Amir Temur (son of Umarshaikh Mirza). Because the sequence of his battles is Samarkand - Shahrisabz - Yakkabag - Surkhandarya - Afghanistan -India. Even today, the state territories listed on this route are called "Baburchi Mountain". Many stone fortresses were built far from the cave. Some of them have survived. Over the centuries, it has been transformed into a rural area. The most famous
of them is "Tashkurgan" village. Many pilgrimage sites and a mosque built by Amir Temur in the fourteenth century have been preserved. Examples like this can be found anywhere in Uzbekistan. However, by focusing on them, the development of ecotourism, the increase in the share of tourists, the fact that Uzbekistan is no less than a foreign country, and most importantly, the employment of the local population, will be one of the contributions to the state treasury.
In short, the development of ecotourism is to pay attention to nature, protect endangered flora and fauna, increase the share of tourists, use natural resources wisely, take measures to restore forests, and prevent diseases through the expansion of natural areas.
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