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DESIGNING AN INTERFACE FOR THE EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION AND ENERGY RESOURCES BETWEEN MOBILE DEVICES VIA MICROUSB
Rakhimjanov K.
assistant,
Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi
ABSTRACT
This article is for users to quickly, reliably and efficiently master the power of other mobile devices or exchange information between mobile devices to recharge their mobile devices while on the road, on the road, reading or elsewhere about designing the creation of a microUSB data exchange interface with no redundancies. Keywords: data, energy, micro USB, Type-C, USB, Wi-Fi.
Infrared transmission was very popular in the late 1990s and early 2000s. But with the development of technology, this technology has retreated to modern analogues such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. This technology itself works through a pair of emitters in the form of an infrared LED and a photodiode-shaped receiver located on either side of the communication line. Otherwise, two-way data transmission would not be possible. Today, one-way communication of IrDA technology is used.
The main reasons for abandoning this technology were the complexity of assembling the operation of the devices, the limited space and the requirement of a pair of IR ports facing each other directly, the low data rate in the first implemented form of the standard.
Bluetooth (Bluetooth) is a wireless means of connecting mobile devices to each other. This technology is 10-100 m. allows you to exchange information remotely using radio waves. Due to the low speed of sending and receiving, it is almost never used in data transmission.
NFC (Near Field Communication) is a short-range wireless high-frequency communication technology (up to 10 cm) that can be used between devices over short distances, such as a reading terminal and a cell phone or plastic smart card allows you to communicate without touching. NFC technology is based on RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) - a technology of data transmission over a radio channel that supports both read and write data using radio signals, which are data stored on so-called transponders or RFID tags is calculated. Works as active and passive devices.
Due to the low speed of sending and receiving, it is almost never used in data transmission.
Wi-Fi is a standardized wireless data exchange technology that operates at reduced radio frequency control frequencies. Typically, a WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) is created over a Wi-Fi network. In this network, of course, it is possible to see the communication and exchange of information via high-frequency radio waves. This system is used as an extension of a wired network or as an alternative to a single
office, an entire building or an area. While Wi-Fi technology saves you money on a costly process such as unplugging thousands of cable networks, the simplicity of installation saves time on complex technical installation processes, making this network superior to other networks. Because wireless networks use radio frequencies, radio waves can pass through walls or similar barriers in a building or office in general, and nothing can interfere with it at all. Wireless networks are in themselves more reliable than cable networks. Most WLANs have a range or coverage area of 160 meters, which of course depends on the size and number of obstacles in its path. The speed of this network can be equal to or higher than that of a wired network.
Wired chargers charge mobile devices via microUSB. The charging speed of a mobile device depends mainly on the quality of the charger and the usability of the mobile device. Quality chargers are at least 10% more efficient than conventional chargers.
Wireless chargers are unique in their design. Wireless chargers work on the principle of electric induction. This is why their efficiency is much lower than that of wired devices. Also, the devices are not intended for use on any mobile device. That is, only the latest and most expensive mobile devices have such a charge.
The SHAREit mobile application is a free mobile application that allows you to exchange data between devices with Wi-Fi protocol. The program can transfer files of any type from one device to another at high speed, without requiring any mobile traffic.
The first disadvantages of the program are:
• lack of guidance;
• does not always work;
• there is a possibility of freezing;
• Restarts the connection for new submissions.
The program has the ability to transfer data of any
type and format from one device to another. They can be pictures, music, audio, video files, programs, and more. The advantages of the program are:
• high speed (20 M / s and more);
• be able to send any files;
• Ability to work on multiple platforms, etc.
Messenger has been gaining popularity since 2010. Reminiscent of a simple sms service, these mobile apps are able to send not only recordings but also pictures, videos, voices and other files over megabytes over the internet. This makes them one of the most effective tools for mobile devices to exchange information remotely.
When we started our project work, we took into account the situation we faced in our lives: the battery capacity of today's smartphones will increase in proportion to their consumption. In other words, your smartphone can have a capacity of 5000 mA. However, at the same time, its power consumption is high enough due to its processor, display, and you will face a situation where your 5000 mAh smartphone will run out of power, and there will be a source of charging
around. not found. If you have another smartphone with you, you can get rid of it, albeit temporarily, by transferring its power to your smartphone.
Currently, the technical development of smartphones is leading to an increase in the amount of information in them. While 8-megapixel cameras dominated 10 years ago, smartphones with 48, 64, and 120-megapixel cameras are now filling the market. At the same time, their screen size and power are increasing. This means that the data is larger and the power consumption is faster. We tested several cameras with different megapixels. The tables below (Tables 12) show how the size of the images and videos captured in the cameras increases as the number of megapixels in the cameras increases:
Table 1
1 image size (in megabytes - MB) taken on smartphones with different megapixels of the camera
Photo size
2-4 MB
4-8 MB
7-12 MB
12-15 MB
17-25 MB
24-40 MB
MP
8
16
32
48
64
128
Table 2
The size of 1-minute videos taken on smartphones with different megapixels of the camera (in megabytes - MB)
MP 8 16 32 48 64 128
Video size 15-20 MB 25-60 MB 70-110 MB 130-150 MB 170-200 MB 180-240 MB
Currently, 48-megapixel cameras are standard on mobile devices. If you take 100 pictures from a 48-megapixel camera, it will be around 1200-1500 megabytes. if you want to wirelessly transfer these photos to another mobile device, you will have to spend 3-10 minutes of time and 3-10 percent of your total available power, depending on the quality of your mobile device. The question is, is it possible to increase the speed of data exchange and minimize power consumption?
Many data sharing applications today use Wi-Fi technology. In this case, one device acts as a receiver, the other as a sender. Although Wi-Fi apps have only recently been introduced, they have quickly gained popularity.
The advantages of Wi-Fi-based data transfer applications are:
- Ability to connect to multiple devices at the same time;
- Simplicity of data selection and transmission processes;
- The use of these applications is free;
- You can see the process of information exchange.
They have the following disadvantages:
- The application initially starts to take up a small amount of memory, and then a large amount;
- Displays various advertisements without permission, spends Internet traffic;
- Overloads the smartphone processor;
- The more data transmitted, the higher the energy consumption;
- Data transmission is affected by various waves or other applications.
In this case, you need a device that allows you to exchange information directly and save energy.
The microusb interface for exchanging information and energy between the mobile devices we are designing can provide such an opportunity.
When it comes to USB, there are several types. The type we want to use in our project is the USB type-C model, which is a continuation of the microusb, in other words, an improved version.
USB type-C differs from its ancestors by the ability to transfer high-speed power, the maximum speed of data exchange. Moreover, its improvement is still ongoing. Starting in 2018, mobile devices with type-c connectors will be mass-produced. This connector is expected to replace the standard microusb type-b.
Type-C USBs currently have data speeds of up to 40 Gbps. In addition, the number of mobile devices that support such data transmission is growing day by day.
Table 3
shows the USB types and their maximum bandwidth.
USB type Maximum data transfer rate
USB 2.0 480 Mbit/s
USB 3.0 5 Gbit/s
USB 3.1 10 Gb/s
USB 3.2 40 Gbit/s
The special design of the Type-C connector allows it to send data at maximum speed. In addition, this structure allows it to be charged at high speeds.
BIO B9 BS B7 B6 B5 B4 B3
Figure 1. Structure diagram of the Type-C connector.
Typce-C has a total of 24 pins, which allow you to provide maximum speed when exchanging data and charging a mobile device.
We chose the Redmi Note 7 smartphone from Xiaomi to get the initial results on the interface we are designing. This smartphone is one of the newer models with a type-c port and a 4000 mAh battery. Wi-Fi works according to the 802.11a / b / g / n / ac (2.4 and 5 GHz) standard. The main camera is 48 MP. This smartphone has everything we need to try.
We organize the process of wired and wireless data exchange between this smartphone and laptop. To do this, one end of the USB cable with type-c is connected to a laptop and the other to a smartphone, and 1 Gigabyte of information is transferred, which is the time and energy consumed. The same information is then transmitted through the most popular Wi-Fi-based application, SHAREit, which takes into account the time and energy spent on it. We present the results in Tables 4 and 5 and in Graphs 1 and 2.
Table 4
Achieved result of data exchange via USB
Information capacity (Gigabytes) 1 1,5 3 5 10 20
Data transfer time (minutes) 1 1,5 2,5 4 7 15
Energy consumption (percent) 0,50 0,80 1,10 1,50 2,50 4,20
Table 5
The result achieved by sharing information through SHAREit
Information capacity (Gigabytes) 1 1,5 3 5 10 20
Data transfer time (minutes) 2 3 8 12 22 38
Energy consumption (percent) 1,20 1,90 3,60 5,00 8,00 17,00
The result obtained when exchanging information via Type-C
10
15
20
25
0
5
1-graph. Achieved result of data exchange via USB (grey - Energy consumption (percent), orange - Data transfer time (minutes), blue - Information capacity (Gigabytes))
SHAREit orqali ma'lumot almashishda erishilgan natija
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
2-graph. The result achieved in the exchange of information through SHAREit (grey - Energy consumption (percent), orange - Data transfer time (minutes), blue - Information capacity (Gigabytes))
0
5
The graphic results show that it takes about 15 minutes to download 20 GB of data using Type-C. Energy consumption is only 5% of the available charge. Why is that? This is because the presence of a direct connection minimizes the power consumption of the receiving smartphone. This allows you to absorb both time and energy.
We see the opposite in Wi-Fi-based applications. We lose both time and energy. In this case, the distance between the sending and receiving device did not exceed 1 meter. Why did this happen? Data sharing applications are primarily designed to send small amounts of data. In addition, although the Wi-Fi 6 standard is now
being introduced, many devices use Wi-Fi devices that provide only 300 Mbit / s of data exchange. While this can send 1 GB of data in 25-30 seconds, this is not the case in practice. Many Wi-Fi devices do not provide stable speeds. This again means that wireless communication is less efficient when sending large amounts of data.
Establish Type-C and Type-C communication between smartphones. This part is the most important part of our work. We organized data exchange by connecting a Type-C cable to two smartphones. The results of the data exchange are presented in Table 6 and Figure 3.
Table 6
The result of the exchange of information between the two smartphones via Type-C
Information capacity (Gigabytes) 1 1,5 3 5 10 20
Data transfer time (minutes) 2 3,2 5 8 14 26
Energy consumption (percent) 1,5 5,8 8,2 14,4 22,4 32,6
The result of the exchange of information between the two smartphones via Type-C
6
5
4
3
2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
3-graph. The result of the exchange of information between the two smartphones via Type-C
From the above results, it can be said that connecting smartphones directly to each other does not give maximum results in the speed of data exchange. Why is it that energy consumption has skyrocketed with the passage of information? The main reason for this is that the smartphone that receives direct contact information sends an overload to the sending smartphone. We thought that in a direct connection, smartphones would reach the maximum transfer rate and charge the second smartphone. But that has led to wasted smartphone power.
It became clear that in order to properly connect the two smartphones, it is necessary to put in the middle a microcontroller that acts as a mediator and controls power consumption. The built-in microcontroller facilitates the exchange of information and prevents energy wastage.
To do this, we use the ATtiny85 microcontroller. This microcontroller operates at a voltage in the range of 2.7-5.5V, with a maximum frequency of 20 MHz and 8 KB of memory for encoding.
We take this information into account when continuing our research and creating a real device.
Combining the results and conclusions from the above sections, we have identified the functions, performance indicators, and how the device being designed should have. Now we have to focus on the design. Because in the future we intend to pan the interface we are designing and market it. So now we're going to design the look of it. Figure 2 below shows the design of the projected interface.
Figure 2. The overall shape design of the interface being designed. Here: 1-USB Type-C cable; 2 central part where the microcontroller is located; 3 Command buttons on the microcontroller to select modes.
In Figure 2, we see the overall design of the interface being designed. We want to work on the basis of this design. In this case, the usb type-c cables from the central part, where the microcontroller is located, serve to connect smartphones. We found that there were significant energy losses when charging a smartphone via
a smartphone. A microcontroller is needed to minimize these losses. In Figure 3, we take a closer look at what is inside the central part.
Figure 3. The central part of the projected interface is the form design. Here: 1st general corps; 2-usb type-c cable outlet; Board with 3 microcontrollers; 4-ATtiny85 microcontrollers; 5 Buttons for microcontroller mode
selection; 6-display.
We describe the figure shown in Figure 3. As you can see in the picture, a board (3) is placed inside the plastic case, which is a microcontroller (4). The top and bottom of the board are connected to the usb type-c cable (2). The buttons on the left (5) allow you to select a mode. The display (6) allows you to see what is going on. By process, we mean the amount of energy that passes through, or the time that is spent on the data that passes through.
That fact must be taken into account. " Wired charging speeds and data rates for each mobile device depend on the port, so high efficiency cannot be achieved without high-speed support on the port.
Conclusion
By connecting a Type-C USB cable to one end of a laptop and the other to a smartphone, 1 Gigabyte of data was transferred and the time and energy consumed was calculated. According to him, the following results were obtained:
- 1 Gigabyte of data takes 1 minute and 0.5% of the total power consumption;
- 1.5 gigabytes of data took 1.5 minutes and 0.8% of the total power consumption;
- It took 2.5 minutes to transfer 3 Gigabytes of information and 1.10% of the total capacity;
- It took 4 minutes to transfer 5 Gigabytes of data and 1.5% of the total capacity;
- It took 7 minutes to transfer 10 Gigabytes of data and 2.5% of the total capacity;
- It took 15 minutes to transfer 20 gigabytes of data and 4.2% of the total capacity.
Based on Wi-Fi, the SHAREit application transferred 1 Gigabyte of data to the laptop while the other was connected to the smartphone, and the time and energy spent on it was calculated. According to him, the following results were obtained:
- 1 Gigabyte of data took 2 minutes to transmit and consumed 1.2% of the total power;
- 1.5 Gigabytes of data took 3 minutes and consumed 1.9% of the total capacity;
- It took 8 minutes to transfer 3 Gigabytes of information and 3.6% of the total capacity;
- It took 12 minutes to transfer 5 gigabytes of information and 5% of the total capacity;
- 10 Gigabytes of data took 22 minutes and consumed 8% of the total power;
- It took 38 minutes to transfer 20 gigabytes of data and 17% of the total capacity.
By connecting a USB cable with a type-c on both sides to two separate smartphones, 1 Gigabyte of data was transferred and the time and energy consumed were calculated. According to him, the following results were obtained:
- 1 Gigabyte of data took 2 minutes to transmit and consumed 1.5% of the total power;
- 1.5 Gigabytes of data took 3.2 minutes and consumed 5.8% of the total power;
- 3 gigabytes of data took 5 minutes and 8.2% of the total power consumption;
- 5 minutes to transfer 5 Gigabytes of information and 14.4% of the total power consumption;
- 10 minutes to transfer 10 Gigabytes of information and 22.4% of the total power consumption;
- It took 26 minutes to transfer 20 gigabytes of data and 32.6% of the total capacity.
The main reason for the losses in Type-c is the lack of optimal communication between the two smartphones. The interface being designed should establish this optimal connection.
References
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2. Howse, Brett USB Type-C Connector Specifications Finalized (August 12,2014). http://www.anandtech.com/show/8377/usb-typec-connector-specifications-finalized.
3. Ngo, Dong USB Type-C: One cable to connect them all. CNET https://www.cnet.com/news/usb-type-c-one-cable-to-connect-them-all/
4. USB Type-C Connector Specifications Finalized. AnandTech.com. http://www.amnd-tech.com/show/8377/usb-typec-connector-specifica-tions-finalized
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