CC BY
234
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES / <<€©LL@(MUM~J0U®MaL>>#26i7®),2©2©
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Hoshimova Oftobkhon Kamilovna,
Honorary Teacher of Fergana Regional Center for Retraining and Advanced Training of Public Education
Rustamova Mekhrinigor Ibrokhimjon kizi student of Zootechnics faculty of Fergana State University DOI: 10.24411/2520-6990-2020-12180
DESERT ACADEMY
Abstract.
This article discusses the unique rich flora of the desert region and the use of its medicinal plants in medicine and pharmaceuticals.
Keywords: pharmacology, folk medicine, Anabasis, Gobelia, Harmala, standardization, alkaloid, bod (rheumatism), hypertension.
We know that the plant world is one of the riches of nature. The number of wild and cultivated plants in Uzbekistan is about 4148 species. Of these, 557 species are medicinal plants. People have been using plants in the treatment of various diseases since ancient times.
I found it necessary to give brief information about these plants so that the rich experience of our people about medicinal plants would not disappear and people would use them. The plant species grows as a weed in the deserts and semi-deserts of the provinces, in the hills, foothills, hills. These plants are the main source of medicinal plants that have been used for centuries in the medicine of the peoples of Central Asia and the East.
We want to talk about the medicinal plants that grow in the desert zone, in the "Desert Academy". These include Gobelia, Harmala, Anabasis, and Oro-banche. Gobelia pachycarpa the following types of bitter gourd have been used in Central Asian folk medicine since ancient times: Goebelia alopecuroide, Geo-belia pachycarpa. It grows mainly as a weed in the deserts and semi-deserts of Tashkent, Syrdarya, Jizzakh, Samarkand, Fergana and Bukhara regions. Sophora pachycapra species are perennial, whitish-green, herbaceous plants up to 30-70 cm tall. It flowers in April-May and ripens in June-July. Sophora pachy-capra species contain alkaloids, from the sum of these alkaloids are extracted paxicarpine, martin and other alkaloids. In folk medicine, the crushed seeds of bitter gourd species are used to open appetite. In scientific medicine, the drug alkaloid of bitterness - paxicarpine iodide is used in hypertension, capillary spasms, and muscular dystrophies and as an accelerator of childbirth. It is also used in the treatment of eczema and some skin diseases.
Shumgiya- Orobanche
Shumgi is another valuable medicinal plant of our country. This plant has excellent properties that are found in desert and semi-desert areas, fight against dangerous tumors, inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary tract (cystitis, nephritis, pyelonephritis), male impotence, strengthens memory, is highly effective in the treatment of joints and other diseases. Due to its anti-oxidant properties, the plant also has a positive effect on brain tissue and prevents their damage. Shumgiya, more precisely, its roots are proven 5-10 times stronger
than ginseng in terms of healing. The plant has been used for centuries in traditional medicine in a number of Asian countries, especially Japan and China.
Incense - Peganum harmala
Incense grows as a weed in deserts, hills and foothills of almost all regions of Uzbekistan. It is a perennial plant, reaching 20-60 cm in height. It flowers in May-June and ripens in autumn. All parts of the incense contain alkaloids (the main alkaloids are garmin, gar-malin, garmalol-peganin), dyes and other substances. In addition, the seeds contain a large amount of oil. Abu Ali ibn Sina used incense as a painkiller for joint pain and nerve spasms. To do this, he recommended crushing the surface of the incense on the sore spot. In folk medicine, a decoction prepared from the aboveground part of garmala is used in the treatment of rheumatism, malaria, epilepsy, insomnia, colds and other diseases. It can be used in scabies and skin diseases. Decoction of the seeds is used in combination with a decoction of flaxseed for shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, and with a decoction of pepper, seeds is used in the treatment of ulcers, boils. Decoction prepared from the surface of the incense has a diaphoretic and diuretic effect.
Itsigek- Anabasis aphylly
Itsigek grows in Tashkent, Jizakh, Samarkand, Andizhan, Fergana regions, as well as in the saline, barren, sandy dry deserts and semi-deserts of Karakalpak-stan, where groundwater is nearby. A semi-shrub up to 30-75 cm tall. Flowering fruits ripen in July-September. The plant contains alkaloids, organic acids, starches and other substances, from which anabasine and other types of alkaloids are extracted. In folk medicine, a decoction of the root is used to treat pulmonary tuberculosis, and the powder of the upper part is used to treat wounds (sprinkled on wounds). Due to the strong toxicity of anabasine, its products are used in medicine - methylanabasine, nicotine acid (vitamin PP) and lupicain. Methylanabazine is used to enhance it when patients' respiratory function is impaired, vitamin PP is used in the treatment of pellagra disease, and lu-picain is used as an analgesic (anesthetic).
In conclusion, it should be noted that the huge academy, which has its own invaluable diversity of fauna and flora, called the Sahara, has produced many
«C@yL@qyiym-J©yrMaL»#26I7®),2©2© / BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
5
young researchers and famous scientists, and the scientific research of these scientists. The application of the results to various fields of medicine and pharmaceuticals has resulted in the prevention and treatment of many diseases in the history of mankind, and this process is developing further. Another important point is that the number of medicinal plants growing in Uzbekistan is very large. However, these herbs should definitely be consumed in strict accordance with the doctor's advice. Especially in the process of growing medicinal plants, they must be carefully collected (because among them there are also poisonous representatives) and processed in accordance with established standards.
References:
1. Khalmatov Kh.Kh. Khabibov Z. Kh. Medicinal plants of Uzbekistan.: 1976
2. Mustafoyev.B.M Botany.: 2013
3. Khalmatov Kh.Kh. Khabibov Z. Kh. Pharmacognosy.: 1966
4. Ya.Matsku, I.Kreich Atlas of medicinal plants.:
1972
5. I.A Kharlamov, Kh.Kh.Khalmatov, P.K.Al-imbaeva, I.Kh.Khaitov. The main medicinal plants of Central Asia.: 1984
