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Authors information
Alexsei B. Tinyukov - Senior Teacher, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, area of 100 th Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia, E-mail: ld_nazarenko@mail.ru
Svetlana N. Klyuchnikova - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, Area of 100 th Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia, E-mail: ld_nazarenko@mail.ru
Lydmila A. Kochurova - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, area of 100 th Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia, E-mail: ld_nazarenko@mail.ru
For citations: Tinyukov A.B., Klyuchnikova S.N., Kochurova L.A. Methodology of spatiotemporal orientation skills formation in playing activity of female volleyball - players on the basis of motor actions extrapolation, The Russian journal of physical education and sport (pedagogico-psychological and medico-biological problems of physical culture and sports), 2017, Vol. 12, No.3, pp. 74-79. DOI 10.14526/03_2017_239
DOI 10.14526/03_2017_240
DEMANDS PLACED UPON INDIVIDUAL TECHNIQUES FULFILLMENT IN
VOLLEYBALL
Alexsei B. Tinyukov — Senior Teacher Irina N. Timoshina - Doctor of Pedagogics, Professor Lyubov I. Kostyunina - Doctor of Pedagogics, Professor, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named After I.N. Ulyanov, 4, area of 100 th Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia
E-mail: ld nazarenko@mail.ru
Annotation. Volleyball players' technique and tactics are characterized by constant search for the ways of individual peculiarities realization of the leading techniques fulfillment with the use of innovative approaches, which provide new forms of movements appearance on the basis of earlier mastered movements. Difficult technical-tactical technique realization in volleyball is conditioned by the process of an adequate perception and quick monitoring of the situation during the game on the basis of extrapolation and further duration of spots combat. Materials. Theoretical and methodological substantiation of the need for modern system of training among female volleyball players modernization, the methodology creation of qualified female volleyball players training in accordance with new demands, tendencies of modern volleyball development. Research methods: scientific and scientific-methodical literature analysis and systematization, testing, pedagogical experiment, statistical data handling. Results. The article determined the demands placed upon sports training organization among volleyball players at a modern stage, conditioned by volleyball development tendencies. The methodology of individual skills of techniques formation is created, which are directed at easiness of motor acts and sense of proportion generation. Motional tasks were included into the content ofpreparatory, main and final parts of the training, into games and competitions, where the conditions of their fulfillment were considerably complicated. Conclusion. The results of the held pedagogical experiment prove the effectiveness of the offered methodology of the training process organization. Demands, placed upon sports improvement of female volleyball players, condition the search for nonstandard solutions, which provide creative participation of female athletes in the quality of the training lessons improvement. Individual technique formation of the leading techniques fulfillment, such as the sense of easiness in difficult motional actions and sense of proportion, while choosing an optimal rhythm and tempo of motional actions, provided female volleyball players' kinesiological potential successful realization, the skills of spatio-power and spatio-temporal orientation in playing activity formation among female volleyball players, which helped to improve greatly qualifiedfemale athletes' indices of general physical and technical readiness.
Keywords: volleyball, techniques, pedagogical experiment.
Urgency. One and the same techniques in volleyball are fulfilled with considerable changes of the motor act leading parameters and it is conditioned by individual characteristics of sportsmen. Different degree of nervous system functional lability, motional and vegetative functions coordination, competitive activity experience, motional rhythm formation level determine motor act appearance, which considerably differs in spatio-temporal and spatio-power characteristics. In this connection there appears the necessity to develop sports training among volleyball players, which provides the ability development to fulfill effective actions in nonstandard, unpredictable situations [ 2, 3, 6].
The aim of this research work is the methodology of training qualified female volleyball players creation in accordance with
new demands, tendencies of modern volleyball development.
Objectives:
1. Theoretical and methodological substantiation of the need for modern training system of female volleyball players modernization.
2. To reveal new demands of sports training among female volleyball players.
3. The methodology of training female volleyball players creation and experimental check, taking into account the placed upon it demands.
Materials. Modern volleyball is characterized by universality of training sportsmen, different types of technical-tactical readiness, morphofunctional abilities of an organism provision, which condition readiness of a sportsman to fulfill a difficult
motional task in unexpected situation [ 1, 4, 5]. The ability to realize motional potential in difficult conditions of situational struggle causes the necessity to achieve a new level of conditional connections formation and it is realized during the mastered motor acts fulfillment in unusual conditions. Receiving the serve in prone position, after a roll-over of 2-3 steps fulfillment in a low lunge in one and other directions provides the definite supply of movements and motional experience of problems solution in unexpected conditions. Considerable difficulty of technical-tactical training is in the fact, that there shouldn't be excess movements in the mastered motor act. Each action has its own meaning, which helps to solve the set problem; technically difficult motor acts should be fulfilled easily, rationally and effectively.
One of the demands placed upon technical-tactical readiness of volleyball players is sense of proportion formation while the tempo and speed of motional actions selection, as one of the conditions for motional activity efficiency provision during the whole period. These demands realization is connected with objective motional actions evaluation criteria creation and use, which will help to apply them for the problems of the training process solution.
For this purpose we created the evaluation criteria of the ability to fulfill technically difficult motional actions with extern easiness. It is achieved by combined fulfillment of the motor act elements without preliminary initial position taking and special preparatory and supplying exercises, with gradual increase of muscular efforts, without a quick form change of a motional act.
Technical readiness was estimated by qualified volleyball trainers (5-point system).
Sense of easiness, during technically difficult tasks fulfillment, is estimated according to 5-point system in the following way:
5 points - motor act goes without visible muscular tension stop in terms of a balanced efforts increase; movements have an optimal amplitude, tempo and rhythm;
4 points - insignificant violations of tempo-rhythmic parameters of a motional action, 1-2 insignificant pauses during the direction of movement change;
3 points - a slight pause before the beginning of a motor act, irrational amplitude of movements, muscular tension demonstration;
2 points - excess additional movements, uneven tempo and rhythm of motional actions; insufficient amplitude of movements, pauses between the separate elements of a motor act;
1 point - partial fulfillment of a motional task.
In order to estimate sense of proportion while choosing the tempo and speed of a motional action fulfillment we offered the criteria, which help to control spatio-temporal and spatio-power parameters of a motional act.
The degree of tempo correspondence with speed of motional objective fulfillment, which provides the effectiveness of its solution, is estimated.
Evaluation criteria:
5 points - the ability of a sportsman to fulfill motional advancing actions, not giving the opponent any time to correct own movement;
4 points - tempo and rhythm of movements help to fulfill timely motor acts, be ready for motional activity continuation during interaction with the partner and the opponent;
3 points -the necessity to use additional efforts for an effective solution of the set objective;
2 points - tempo and rhythm of motional actions inconsistence with the set motor objective, which demands additional attempt for its realization;
1 point - unwillingness to fulfill motional action in a set tempo and rhythm.
Results and their discussion. In order to check the effectiveness of female volleyball players training methodology in accordance with the placed demands, conditioned by the level of the strongest teams sports achievements, a pedagogical experiment was
held. 28 qualified female volleyball players took part in the experiment (17-22 year-old athletes). The control group (CG-15 people) and the experimental group (EG- 13 people) was organized, the athletes in which had approximately the same level of physical readiness (p>0,05). Moreover, the formation degree of easiness sense, during technically difficult elements fulfillment and the sense of proportion, during tempo and rhythm of motional actions choice, was estimated with the help of offered by us evaluation criteria. The received results analysis didn't reveal considerable differences according to the degree of their formation (p>0,05).
In the CG training lessons were held in accordance with the program, recommended by volleyball federation; in the EG great attention was paid to easiness formation of technically difficult techniques fulfillment and also to the sense of proportion formation during the tempo and rhythm of motional actions choice. During the training lessons, while mastering the technique of the leading techniques, after mastering the main variant of a motor act, it was recommended to fulfill them with higher speed, amplitude of movements, in accordance with additional motional actions during interaction with two and more partners and etc.. During chest-pass, fulfilled with both hands in the main stand, moving with the right and the left hip, volleyball players fulfilled the same kind of pass in bent standing position with direction of movement change (round, diagonally, zigzag; with speeding-up according to the signal from a trainer; with tempo slowing-down; with flight trajectory increase ). The same is in squat, with 180° and 360° turn; moving jumping one side or the other; back forth; the same is lying on the back; after a roll-over one side or the other for 360the same is during the pass to a partner in turn to the right and to the left and etc..
In order to form sense of proportion during the tempo and rhythm of motional actions choice volleyball players form the EG fulfilled special exercises. During the ball serving with one and the same flight trajectory into the center of the ground an
athlete had to determine independently an optimal speed of moving from different points of playing ground in order to receive the ball; the same situation is with different flight trajectory of the ball into different zones; with further pass to the partner, who is moving into different points of the playing ground. Speed of motional actions correspondence with the amplitude and direction of ball movement was estimated according to the effectiveness of the following actions after the ball receiving. The exercises, directed at sense of proportion formation, were included into the content of preparatory, main and the final parts of the training; they were included into the content of playing and competitive moments, where the conditions of their fulfillment were considerably complicated. Moreover, sportsmen were offered to construct new variants and conditions of the mastered motional actions fulfillment during different stimuli of motional activity activation use. It formed a creative atmosphere, sense of competitiveness, provided steady interest in the training process.
During educational-training lessons the female volleyball players from the EG formed the skills of partners' and opponents' motional actions extrapolation and prediction and it demanded thorough knowledge of playing techniques, the degree of partners' actions correspondence, a high level of spatiotemporal orientation formation.
After the pedagogical experiment one more test was held in order to reveal the dynamics of general physical and technical readiness of volleyball players from the CG and the EG. The results of the pedagogical experiment showed, that the improvement of the studied indices was in both groups - the CG and the EG, however in the EG they had another character. With the initial results in the CG in shuttle running 6x5 m 10,09±0,21 seconds, to the end of the pedagogical experiment the indices increased and were 9,81±0,18 seconds, (p>0,05); in the EG with the initial results 10,03±0,11 seconds the indices were 9,17± 0,09 seconds, (p>0,05); in standing high-jump in the CG with the initial
results 37,91±0,42 cm, to the end of the pedagogical experiment the indices increased and were 38,57±0,42cm, (p>0,05); in the EG with the initial data 38,04±0,36 cm, to the end of the pedagogical experiment the results were 42,16±0,34 cm (p<0,05). The same tendency of more considerable physical readiness indices improvement in the EG was revealed according to other control exercises.
The level of easiness formation sense during technically difficult techniques fulfillment in the CG increased from 2,67±0,14 to 2,93±0,17 points; in the EG from 2,64±0,17 to 3,71±0,20 points, (p<0,05). Sense of proportion during the tempo and rhythm choice of motional actions fulfillment improved in the CG from 2,87±0,19 to 3,14±0,22 points; in the EG from 2,88±0,17 to 4,07±0,26 points (p<0,05).
Conclusion. Thus, the results of the pedagogical experiment showed, that such specific peculiarities of individual technique formation of the leading techniques fulfillment, as sense of easiness in difficult motional actions and sense of proportion during an optimal tempo and rhythm of motional actions choice, provides the training level increase, creative attitude to educational-training process upbringing, personal interest increase in kinesiological potential and the ways of sports self-development and self-actualization realization.
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Authors information
Alexsei B. Tinyukov — Senior Teacher Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, Area of 100 th Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia, E-mail: ld nazarenko@mail.ru
Irina N. Timoshina - Doctor of Pedagogics, Professor Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, Area of 100 th Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia, E-mail: ld nazarenko@mail.ru
Lyubov I. Kostyunina - Doctor of Pedagogics, Professor, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, Area of 100 th Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia, E-mail: ld nazarenko@mail.ru
For citations: Tinyukov A.B., Timoshina I.N., Kostyunina L.I. Demands placed upon individual techniques fulfillment in volleyball, The Russian journal of physical education and sport (Pedagogico-psychological and medico-biological problems of physical culture and sports), 2017, Vol. 12, No.3, pp. 79-84. DOI 10.14526/03_2017_240
DOI 10.14526/03_2017_241
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF YOUNG 6-9 YEAR-OLD JUDOISTS TRAINING IN SPORTS-HEALTH IMPROVING GROUPS OF A SPORTS SCHOOL
Guzel F. Khamidullina - Associate Professor "Kazan National Research Technological University ",
68, K. Marksa str., Kazan, 420015, Russia Ildar K. Latypov - Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences "Volga State Academy of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism", 35, Universiad Village, Kazan, 420010, Russia
E-mail: hg10678@mail.ru
Annotation. A long-term sports training is reasonable to consider as a difficult specific system with own typical for it characteristics. The whole process of a long-term sports training includes a lot of variables, that is why, training means and methods undergo great changes. Most authors, studying the system of a long-term sports training, underline the stage of initial training, in particular sports-health improving stage. Material. The article deals with the problem of training judo sports reserve at sports-health improving stage and the possible ways of this problem solution by means of pedagogical technology creation of training young judoists in spots-health improving groups of sports schools. Research methods: scientific literature analysis and summarizing, complex medical check-up of children, conversation, questionnaire survey, anthropometric studies; psychological-pedagogical research (tapping test for the type of central nervous system and temperament determination), experiment. Results. Pedagogical technology of training young judoists in sports-health improving groups of sports school is created. It is based on block- modular system, which helps to select physical training means rationally, as each module is a system of educational-training lessons, which have the unity of content, methodical, organizational, estimating and technological components. During the pedagogical technology creation pedagogical conditions, as one of the components of pedagogical system, were taken into account. These conditions reflect the whole range of educational, material- spatial environment abilities and health protecting
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