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34DEFINITION ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF SEX EUPHEMISMS
Dexqonboy nabirasi Omongul
Ferghana polytechnic institute
ABSTRACT
This article presents some features of linguocultural euphemisms used by male and female members of Uzbek and English society. Differences between these nations are shown in terms of cultural values and religious beliefs.
Keywords: euphemism, gender, language, culture, religion, lingvoculturology.
According to our holy book, the Qur'an, when Adam and Eve ate the forbidden fruit of Paradise, their private parts were exposed and they began to use "fig leaves" to hide it. This is why some linguists refer to euphemisms as "linguistic fig leaves". In this way, euphemisms for sex gradually began to emerge. The occurrence of euphemisms on the subject of this gender covers a larger volume than the rest of the themes. The role of euphemisms in describing the journey of a human being from the time of his birth to the end of his life is great.
Sexual euphemisms can come in a series of consecutive ways: a woman's pregnancy, childbearing, changes as children grow older, adolescence, marriage, sexual intercourse, communication between new family members, and so on.
Linguoculturology, on the other hand, focuses on the reflection of the spiritual state in human language in society, taking into account the above-mentioned processes. It also scientifically examines gender roles and language behaviors that lead to the emergence of gender euphemisms aimed at reducing gender discrimination and gender-role stereotypes.
Ayol - woman in English linguistics female, lady represented by euphemisms. According to some estimates "female" (ayol) is said to be derived from the word "male", but this is a mistake. "Female" The word is derived from the French word "femelle" (literally the word for a nursing woman). The modern pronunciation of "female" is due to the confusion of the "male" sound in the 14th century with the Latin root "masculus".
P. Trudgill points out that English-speaking parents call their children someone "woman" or say that it is unacceptable (but not forbidden (male)) to address him. Shopkeepers in the UK can be called sales ladies (but not sales gentlemen):
Ladies' wear can be found for sale.
(Ayollar kiyimlarini sotuvga qo'yish mumkin).
For some women, euphemisms have become necessary because of the unpleasant additions of the word "woman". This is usually due to the low status of women in
society and sexual influence in a male-dominated society. Another euphemism for the word "woman" is the word "girl," which can be used for older women and it is not uncommon to hear a group of five men and six girls (these are five boys and six girls). "Lady" (Xonim) and "girl" (qiz) The use of the term as an attempt at a politically correct gender-neutral language was known by P.Trudgill as a trivializing euphemism, later they used a less sexually coded euphemism - female "woman". In modern communication;
A blackened samovar stoodat the far end of the corridor, opposite the cubicle of the carriage's femaleattendant, their provodnik: a hefty, unsmiling woman... (R. Harris.A rchangel)
In Uzbek: (Yo'lakning eng chekkasida qoraygan samovar turar edi, avtoulovning kubometri qarshisida ayol ishchisi ya 'ni ularning provodnigi: juda baquvvat, jiddiy ayol... (R. Xarris Archangel)
Compared to Uzbek culture, the words "woman" and "girl" used among English speakers are also common among Uzbek speakers, but there are other beautiful alternatives. They are "girl" (young woman), "woman" (adult woman), mother-in-law (older woman), innocent, virgin, beautiful creature and others...
The root of euphemism in the Uzbek language is closely connected with religion. In the Muslim religion, it is a sin to say bad words, or even to be offended by saying the right words. A Muslim should respect and speak to someone with beautiful, kind and pleasant words. As a result, many unpleasant, unpleasant words are replaced with better words to avoid misunderstandings between the speaker and the audience. This is also felt among parents and children, spouses and husbands, the elderly and the young. In family relationships, the male members of the family are highly respected by the female members and are called by certain words.
The word husband or wife is a word that is embarrassing to say in front of others and is euphemized as follows: otasi, dadasi, adasi, umr yo'ldosh (-im), umrdosh (-im), turmush o'rtoq (-im), hayot yo'ldosh (-im), jufti halol (-im), juft (-im), ko'z ochib ko'rgan (-im), tanmahram (-im), xo'jayin (-im), xo'ja (-m), to'ra (-m), bek (-im), kishi (-m), boy (-im), mard (-im), mardak (-im), erkak (-im).
The concept of wife also has a few euphemistic words: ayol, ayasi, opasi, biyisi, beka, qalliq, umrdosh, umr yo'ldosh, turmush o'rtoq, hayot yo'ldoshi, yostiqdosh, rafiqa, sohiba, zavja, ahliya, zaifa, ojiza, halola, hasm, tanmahram, haram, mahram, evlug tribes.
English men call their wives "my sweetie" (my sweetie) or "my sweetest" (my sweetest), dear (dear), darling, honey.
As for the etymology of the origin of the term mother-in-law: The term mother-in-law (mother-in-law) means mother because the word mother means mother. But
sometimes the question of what a birch is (not the name of a birch tree, of course) is sometimes pondered by a linguist. In this regard, let us first consider the spiritual and formal transformation of the word birch.
Qatin is a Turkish word, the verb to join // to join (in the sense of joining, to unite, to mingle) (historical stem qat // qat, present stem katish // qatish) and -in made of the suffix: qatin- qatin- wife. This means that the sound "q" from the words qatin // qatin has been changed to "x".
The word qatin, used in modern Kazakh, Kyrgyz and Karakalpak languages, has taken the form kadin (in Turkish), gadin (in Turkmen, Azerbaijani) under the influence of Oghuz pronunciation: the sound "q" is "k", "g"; The sound "t" is changed to "d" The sound "t" in the word qatin is also the result of the pronunciation of "y" (qatin> kayin) and the element boiling began to be used in the terms father-in-law, mother-in-law,: mother-in-law, father-in-law, brother-in-law, sister-in-law, sister-in-law, expressed concepts such as little brother-in-law and little sister-in-law.
Or Kazakh, Kyrgyz "katinona", Turkish "kadinana", Turkmen "gadin eneatamas" (the words qatin, kadin, gadin in Uzbek means woman) also expressed the concept of mother-in-law (wife's mother).
In the later stages of language development, as a result of a formalological shift in meaning, the terms father-in-law and mother-in-law are used in the same way as in the speech of the husband or son-in-law. birch is no longer used in the sense of husband). Gradually, the terms father-in-law, mother-in-law, and brother-in-law came to mean my husband's mother, father, brother, and....
To date, the mother-in-law: "oyijon", "ayajon" (dear mother), father-in-law: "dadajon", "adajon" (dear father) euphemized by their names in a more gentle sense. But English speakers only mention their husbands' parents by adding their names along with the words Mr. and Mrs.: Mr.Jack, Mrs.Jane, Mr.Jack, Mrs.Jane.
Even the word "bride" is understood differently in both languages. If we look at the etymology of this word in the Uzbek language: after marriage within the tribe is forbidden (ethnographic taboo), the girl was taken from another tribe and even kidnapped (the current "bride kidnapped" is left over from that). The term bride is also a euphemistic form of the word alien (kel+in). Even on the basis of the Russian word nevesta (He+Becra -HeBecra), the concept of a foreigner is not a foreigner, but a respectful (HenpHe3^aa) euphemism for our own.
The girl (foreigner) who came to the house of another tribe or clan was not equal to the members of that house (in fact, the brides stayed up in the morning, sweeping the yard, making tea, bowing), it is forbidden to mention the names of her husband, parents, and relatives (taboo), which led to the formation of a symbolic euphemism ("bride's language") in the bride's speech.
The "bride" has a great responsibility in the Uzbek culture in the family. She has to take into account everything like cooking, doing housework, looking after the children, taking care of the family members, household items and always being in a good mood. For this reason, the bride is euphemized for words such as "kelinposhsha", "kelinchak" (dear bride). However, English brides do not take on such responsibilities in their husband's family.
When a bride is pregnant, it is very embarrassing to talk about pregnancy news directly in Uzbek culture, so there are some euphemisms that describe this situation: bosh qorong'u, homilador, og'ir oyoq, bo'yida bo'lmoq, yukli bo'lmoq, gumon, gumona, vujud, gavhar, ikkiqat, ko'ngli sust ketmoq, nishona paydo bo'lmoq, oy kuni yaqin, uchinchi kishi, yangi mehmonli bo'lmoq.
Ingliz tilida ham bu holatni tavsiflofchi quyidagi evfemizmlar mavjud: To be in a family way"(oilaviy munosabatda bo'lish), "Bun in the oven" (tandirda yumshoq non), "Knocked up" (qoqilib tushish), "Baby bump"(chaqaloq), "In a family way" (oilaviy yo'lda), "Gestating" (homilador), "With child"(bola bilan), "Baby mama" (chaqaloqli ona), "Eating for two" (ikki kishi uchun ovqatlanish), "On the nest" (uyada), "Preggers" ( qorni chiqib qolish).
When it comes time to give birth, the Uzbek people instead of giving birth , to have a child, to own a child, to be free, to be born, to give birth, to show the face of the world, to be light, to shine, to multiply, to be a mother, to have children, have a baby, see a new guest, be a girl, be a boy, be a twin, be a gift use euphemisms such as in speech.
In English, it is represented by the words blessed event (qutlug' voqea) and accouchment (tug'ilish).
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