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Актуальныае проблемы! авиации и космонавтики - 2022. Том 2
УДК 004.9
КИБЕРНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ ПОДХОД В ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯХ
С. А. Чащина, И. В. Кауц, В. В. Суетин Научный руководитель - В. В. Кукарцев
Сибирский государственный университет науки и технологий имени академика М.Ф. Решетнева Российская Федерация бб0037, г. Красноярск, просп. им. газеты «Красноярский рабочий», 31
E-mail: vlad-dmitriev-84@mail.ru
В работе представлены особенности применения кибернетического подхода в информационных технологиях.
Ключевые слова: технологии, кибернетика, кибернетический подход, система, связь, информация.
CYBERNETIC APPROACH IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
S. A. Chashchina, I. V. Kauts, V. V. Suetin Scientific supervisor - V. V. Kukartsev
Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology 31, Krasnoyarskii Rabochii prospekt, Krasnoyarsk, бб0037, Russian Federation E-mail: vlad-dmitriev-84@mail.ru
The paper presents the features of the application of the cybernetic approach in information technology.
Keywords: technologies, cybernetics, cybernetic approach, system, communication, information.
Cybernetics is the science of control laws in nature, society, and machines, which studies information processes related to the control of dynamic systems. The cybernetic approach is the study of a system based on the principles of cybernetics, in particular by determining forward and backward connections, studying control processes, considering system elements as some kind of "black boxes" [1, 2].
The purpose of the cybernetic approach in logistics is to apply principles, methods and technical means to achieve the most optimal results of cost-effective management. The key concepts of cybernetics are: system, feedback, information.
The cybernetic approach presents the logistics system as a management system that includes three subsystems: a control system, a control object and a communication system.
The control system together with the communication system creates a control system. A communication system is a direct link through which the source information is transmitted (x), and feedback through which information about the control object (y) is transmitted to the control system. Information about the controlled object and the external environment (w) is received by the control system, processed according to the control purpose and transmitted to the control object [35]. The consumption of the concept of feedback is a distinctive feature of the cybernetic approach in logistics.
There are positive and negative feedbacks.
A positive connection returns to the input part of the signal of the information taken at the output [б, 7]. With negative feedback, the signal received from it may not coincide with the original one.
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This makes it possible to compare the result with the goal and, if necessary, make adjustments to the behavior of the element. This is necessary in order to avoid a significant deviation of the system to the set goal.
The main groups of control system functions:
- the function of transforming the content of information (decision-making) is the main one in the management system and is expressed in changing the content of information about the state of the control object and the external environment into control information;
- information processing function — includes accounting, control, storage, search, display;
- information exchange function — bringing certain decisions to the control object and exchanging information between decision makers (collecting, transmitting information in text, graphic, tabular, electronic, etc. by phone, local or global data transmission networks, etc.) [8, 9].
The main feature of the cybernetic approach in logistics is the ability of the system to change movement, to move into different states under the influence of various management influences. The advantage of the cybernetic approach is that it is possible to effectively calculate and manage management processes and solve complex management tasks.
Thus, we note the peculiarities of using the cybernetic approach in logistics:
- the cybernetic approach contributes to the creation of an information concept for the representation of systems;
- the cybernetic approach considers systems only in dynamics;
- the cybernetic approach uses methods to study the behavior of complex systems.
References
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2. Kozlov V. K. Logistics of production. Part 2. Logistic concepts and micrologistic systems of firm management: a textbook / V. K. Kozlov, N. V. Yakovleva. - SPb.: VSHTE SPbGUPTD, 2018
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8. Sukhanov M. B. Tekhnicheskaya cybernetika: metodicheskie otkaziya / sost. M. B. Sukhanov. - SPb.: SPbGUPTD, 2017
9. Cybernetic approach in logistics [Electronic resource]. - Access mode:https://vuzlit.ru/ 255848/kiberneticheskiy_podhod_logistike
© Ha^rna C. A., Кауц H. B., CyeraH B. B., 2022
