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0CURRENT CHANGES IN THE FIELD OF TOURISM AND MODERN TRANSPORTATION FEATURES THAT HAVE A POSITIVE EFFECT ON TOURIST MOTIVATION: CASE STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISTS WHO ARE TRAVELLING TO TASHKENT, UZBEKISTAN
Doctor of philosophy in geography MuhammadismoN MAXMUDOV Alfraganus University ORCID: 0000-0002-2368-9192 Lecturer of International tourism management department Dostonbek TILOVMURODOV Alfraganus University ORCID: 0000-0001-5645-822X
Annotatsiya: Global iqtisodiy yaxshilanish sharoitida mahalliy va xorijiy yo'nalishlarga sayohat qilish global iqtisodiy rivojlanishga hissa qo'shayotgan edi. Bu bir necha yil oldin turizm industriyasidagi rivojlanish holati tadqiq qilingan; ammo turizmning qiyofasi COVID-19 pandemiyasi tomonidan keskin o'zgartirildi, xususan turizm sanoati mahalliy iqtisodiyotga, odamlarning turmush tarziga, davlat va xususiy xizmatlarga, transportga va boshqa ko'plab jamiyat imkoniyatlarga salbiy ta'sir ko'rsatgan eng katta zararlardan biri bo'ldi. Bu guruh sayohatining tugashiga olib keldi shuningdek sayyohlar uchun faqat ichki va tashqi motivatsiya asosida yakka tartibda sayohat qilish imkoniyati paydo bo'ldi. Bundan tashqari, turizm sohasi mutaxassislari turizm mahsus turlarining mahsulotlarini (TMTm) ishlab chiqishni va yangi transport turlarini sinab ko'rishni boshladilar. Shu orqali, sayyohlik bozori o'z yo'qotishlarini sezilarli darajada kamaytirishga olib keldi va turizm sektorida O'zbekiston iqtisodiyotiga hissa qo'shayotgan eng muhim o'zgarishlar paydo bo'la boshladi. Hozirgi dunyoda rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlarda tur, muqobil yo'nalishlar va transport vositalarini individual tanlash o'sib bormoqda. Bu zamonaviy transport xususiyatlari va jamoat tranzitiga qo'shimcha qoshimcha imkonyatlar kelitirb chiqarishiga olib kelmoqda, bu esa turistlarni qabul qiluvchi mamlakatning transport infratuzilmasi imkoniyatlarini baholashda hisobga olinishi kerak bo'lgan omillardan biri bo'lib. Turistik xulq-atvorni tushunish turizm motivini tushunishni orqali olib boriladi. Turtki va tortish motive faktorlari turli senariylarda turistik motivatsiyani tushunish uchun oddiy asosni taklif qilib turtki-tortish motive faktorlari turizmda kamdan-kam hollarda sifat parameter taqiqi tarzda sinovdan o'tgan. Ushbu keys tadqiqotining maqsadi turizm industriyasidagi COVID-19 pandemiyasidan keyingi o'zgarishlarni va O'zbekistonga sayohat qilayotgan turistlarning motivatsiyasiga ijobiy ta'sir ko'rsatuvchi transportning zamonaviy xususiyatlarini o'rganish va tadqiqotda O'zbekistonning Toshkent shahriga tashrif buyurgan 20 nafar xorijiy turistlarning intervyusidan ma'lumot to'plash uchun sifat parametrlarini o'rganish tadqiqot usulidan foydalanildi.
Kalit so'zlar: turizmdagi o'zgarishlar, turizm sanoati, turizmda transport xususiyatlari, turist motivatsiyasi, xalqaro turist, sayohat
Abstract: People were packing their bags and travelling to domestic as well as foreign destinations in the face of a changing global economic landscape, which contributes to global economic development. This was the travel story a few years ago; the face of tourism was drastically altered by the COVID-19 pandemic Specifically, the tourism industry took one of the largest hits that affecting to the local economy, people's livelihoods, public and private services, transportation and variety of other opportunities. This resulted in the end of group travel and the option for tourists to travel solely based on their internal also external motivation. Furthermore, tourism sector experts began developing special interest tourism products (SITp) and experimenting with new modes of transportation. With that considered, the travel market expanding its losses and some of the most significant changes that the tourist sector encountering, contribute to Uzbekistan economy. In today's world, the individual choice of tour, alternative routes and means of transportation in an emerging country is more important. This imposes an extra anxiety on contemporary transportation features and public transit, which must be considered while assessing the capacity of the host country's transportation
infrastructure. Understanding tourist behavior requires an understanding of tourism motive. Push and pull variables have offered a straightforward framework for understanding tourist motivation in a variety of scenarios. Nonetheless, many of the push-pull framework's claims have seldom been tested qualitatively. One of them postulates that pull variables respond to and strengthen push factors. Aim of this case study is to explore Post COVID- 19 pandemic changes in tourism industry and modern features of transportation that have positive effect on tourist motivation who are traveling to Uzbekistan. The study used a qualitative research approach to gather information from 20 foreign visitors who visited to Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Key words: changes in tourism, tourism industry, transportation features in tourism, tourist motivation, international tourist, travelling
INTRODUCTION.
Tourism known as a social and cultural activity which is critical to the operation of every community, moves millions of people and significant driver of the global economy. Every year as a result of the rapid changes in the tourism environment tourist locations increases. It is a diverse and geographically complicated operation in which various services are requested, supplied at various stages along the way. In current times, special interest tourism and the quality of the state's transportation infrastructure is a major determinant of tourist growth. When performing international expertise, preparing analytical evaluations, reports and bulletins. According to Trauer (2006), in their attempt to conceive and describe special interest tourism (SIT), Brotherton and Himmetoglu (1997) researched literature in leisure and tourism, comparing existing typologies and frameworks (leisure and tourism operation). According to Wearing (2002), the 21st-century tourist is searching for new and exciting forms of travel in defiance of a mass-produced product yet without actually having to involve themselves in any way, a reflection of increasing commodification and depersonalization within modern and post-modern society. Brotherton and Himmetoglu (1997) propose a "Tourist Interest Continuum" to place Special Interest Tourism (SIT) in a larger general tourist framework. They argue that "through increasing travel experience, confidence and affluence, a maturation or tourist life cycle transition from "safe to more adventurous kinds of travel and holidays" occurs, with the tourist "booking" and purchasing social prestige and ego-enhancement". A tourist journey as a psychological phenomenon is preceded by a specific need that provides a purpose to travel and establishes a goal for the trip, which is followed by a quest for knowledge (Gursoy and McCleary, 2004). Understanding motivation is critical for comprehending decision-making processes and recognizing why visitors prefer special interest tourism (Celebi 2018). For many years, visitor motivation has been a major focus of tourism research. Because SIT is a relatively new sort of travel market, experts have focused mostly on defining this concept. Few studies have been conducted on this topic (Duranovi, 2019), and earlier research on the reasons why visitors participate in SIT is exceedingly restricted and it is now becoming significant in the literature. Consideration of what encourages tourists to pick sit is one of the most significant components of providing higher-quality goods and services at the destination. The topic of motivating tourists to SIT concluded that the main motives of tourists for SIT are related to adventure, extremal tourism, sport tourism and fishing tourism, hunting tourism and dark tourism as well as interaction with locals by joining cultural heritage tourism. Tourism is like other developing areas in a contemporary economy, is a fluid and ever-changing industry. It should be noted that when the vector of tourist needs is shifting in the direction of strengthening the "individual principle," as manifested by refusal to participate in intermediary organizations (travel agencies), independence in planning the tour base on their special interest, selecting touristic destination and modes of transportation in an unfamiliar country, the role of integrative mechanisms takes on special significance. Indeed, if a person does not know how to travel around an unfamiliar place or finds limitations with every attempt to learn it, all attempts to learn it can lead to failure. The more convenient the transportation infrastructure and SIT the more pleasant mobility across country, the more people may be active in the tourism business and, hence, the country's GDP. Despite the fact that considerable study has been conducted on the reasons of tourists to travel, additional research is required to investigate the many theoretical underpinnings that constitute the basis of academics' understanding of SIT travel patterns and transportation.
Therefore, it would be interesting to investigate the social preferences of foreign travelers in special interest tourism (SIT) and transportation to discover which components of travel and transportation infrastructure are prominent when selecting a travel mode. These are the primary objectives of research.
THE STUDY'S OBJECTIVES ARE AS FOLLOWS:
1) to investigate whether Special Interest Tourism (SIT) has a positive impact on tourist motivation;
2) to identify key role of modern tourism features that have a positive impact on tourist motivation;
3) to investigate the relationship between SIT, transportation and the tourist decision-making process.
LITERATURE REVIEW.
This section is focus on presenting the literatures of tourism, Special Interest Tourism (SIT), Transportation in tourism as well as tourist motivation and tourist decision-making process.
Tourism - Tourism is very complex phenomena that can only be completely comprehended through a multidisciplinary approach (Candela and Figini, 2012). Tourism, as a social force and institution, has an influence on people's lives, and many are directly or indirectly involved with the business (Mathur, 2011). Similarly, while tourism generates various modifications and transformations in many subjects (such as cross-cultural contact, prejudice-free atmosphere, and so on), it also changes in itself. Few study focuses on three key definitions: "travel," "tourism," and "tourist," referring to the varying meanings of travel, tourism, and tourist. The term "travel" refers to the activities of travelers. A traveler is someone who journeys between different geographic regions for any reason and for any length of time. Travel includes all travels from one location to another. All travels undertaken by persons who enter a nation for pleasure, work, dwell, study, or just pass through. "Tourism" refers to the transitory short-term migration of individuals to destinations other than their usual places of residence, job, and activities during their stay at these sites. It should be noted that while all tourism must include some travel, not all travel is tourism. A "tourist" is someone who goes to places other than his or her home and workplace and stays for at least 24 hours for enjoyment or business.
Special Interest Tourism (SIT) - It is recognized that defining tourism or Special Interest Tourism (SIT), in a way that is acceptable to scholars across the range of tourism disciplines and research techniques is challenging, if not impossible (Trauer, 2006). In their endeavor to conceive and describe SIT, Trauer (2006) studied literature in leisure and tourism, comparing existing typologies and frameworks (leisure and tourist settings), a study by Wearing (2002), the tourist of the twenty-first century is 'searching for new and exciting forms of travel in defiance of a mass-produced product, yet without 'actually having to involve themselves in any way,' a reflection of increasing commodification and depersonalization within modern and post-modern society (Trauer, 2006). Visitors desire to directly feel immaterial aspects such as ambience, aesthetics, and atmosphere, as well as encounter rich in intimacies, intensities, and complexity (Trauer, 2006). Process innovations are prevalent in special interest tourism and niche tourism. Clydesdale (2007), for example, describes how ski lift capacity is a significant factor in process efficiency and how the technology used for that reason is essential. Airports use a wide range of technology to enable the mobility of people, luggage, commodities, and information in order to reduce transportation issues (Hjalager, 2010). New forms of technology have been integrated into airports throughout the years for a variety of reasons. The same type of process innovation may be seen infecting visitor attractions for crowd management objectives. Many types of tourism enterprises, including transportation, are planning process changes to address energy consumption and climate consequences in the future (Hjalager, 2010).
Transportation in tourism - Transportation is a critical component of tourism since it allows travelers to see all of the attractions they want to see. Transport is especially sensitive to metropolitan destinations and is frequently asked by visitors to visit certain leisure, historical, and recreational locations (Peeters P, 2019). Excellent and appealing public transit networks are still required for urban tourist growth to be sustainable. To encourage the use of public transportation for urban tourism, their services should be demand-driven, based on a deeper knowledge of visitor attitudes toward urban shared transportation at locations (Holden E, 2016). Tourists' preferences for transportation at locations are stable, although their preferences for private transportation services vary. Meanwhile,
public transportation satisfaction has a major influence on local destination trip demand and the entire vacation experience.
Tourist motivation - With the growth of the tourism sector, numerous affiliated industries have seen a large and pressing need to uncover the most crucial aspects that might have a big influence on visitor's motives to travel. These companies are attempting to alter their products properly. Understanding the motivating variables driving tourist behavior might assist service providers in augmenting and adjusting their offerings to make them more desirable to - and hit the appropriate notes for - target tourists. (Dann's, 1977) push and pull theory of incentives is another well acknowledged theoretical framework in tourist research. According to (Dann, 1997), a variety of variables inspire tourists and/or travelers to visit specific locations or destinations, however these factors may be classified as either push or pull motives. At its most fundamental, push factors are inherent factors or internal motivations that compel people to travel. These are related with longings for leisure, recreation, adventure, and escape, as well as a desire to 'get away from it all1 and transcend the sense of isolation inherent in modern living. Thus, push factors are variables that encourage people to travel and represent individuals' socio-psychological demands. Pull factors, on the other hand, are usually related with destination amenities such as service quality, costs, and infrastructure. When these elements were applied to tourism, researchers discovered that push factors are more inward in nature and physiological. When used correctly by destination planners and marketers, these criteria can help attract more tourists to certain places. Push forces that are effectively recognized and used in suitable ways by destination planners can subsequently become pull factors, which are largely external in origin. Pull factors originate inside destinations, although they can assist create push forces. As a result, destinations must be able to match customers' expectations in terms of costs, amenities (accommodation, transportation, food, restaurants and amusement parks), and, most significantly, the degree of quality given. This implies that destination managers must occasionally supplement their offerings in order to meet the wants and wishes of their clients (Dann's, 1977).
Push and Pull motivation factors - Tourists' socio-psychological constructions and their home environment that incline them to travel. These structures are known as push elements or variables (Dann, 1977). According to Epperson (1983), the true motivations for pleasure travel are less about the place and more about a person's own wants, intentions, and personality, or, as Dann (1983) puts it, "[push factor] deals with tourist motivation." Sharpley (1999) emphasizes that "generally, it is a person's push factors that lead to the choice to purchase a holiday in the first place, with the nature of those requirements dictating the sort of holiday the individual desires." Several academics have investigated push motivating elements. Crompton (1979), from a sociological approach, identified nine incentives for pleasure travel as one of the earlier works in this field. These are escape from a daily environment, exploration, self-evaluation, relaxation, prestige, regression, relationship enhancement, social interaction facilitation, novelty, and education. Another way to evaluating travel intentions from a push viewpoint was a psychological study undertaken by Iso-Ahola (1982), who classified tourists' motivations into two categories: the need to escape current conditions and the desire to attain specific goals. The drive to acquire intrinsic (ego-enhancement, education) and interpersonal (making friends and increased social contact) benefits. Dann (1977) was another notable researcher who linked push factors to two general goals, ego enhancement and anomie. The former represents psychological requirements like prestige and status, whereas the latter mirrored societal pressures like the mundaneness of daily existence. Jang, Bai, Hu, and Wu (2009) performed a recent research that includes aspects similar to the aforementioned studies in that they empirically arrive at the following five key push motivations: novelty seeking, self-esteem, ego-enhancement, sociability, and rest and relaxation. According to the relevant literature, pull factors have been conceptualized as relating to the characteristics, attractions, activities, or attributes of the destination per se, such as natural scenic beauty, historic areas, cultural events, educational attractions, entertainment, sports participation, or social and intangible attractions (Klenosky, 2003). Although push factors are connected with an individual's desire to use or not use a product class as a whole, pull factors are involved with consumer decisions relating to specific alternatives within a product class (Lee and Morrison, 2002). A number of researchers have empirically operationalized pull factors. Yuan and McDonald (1990) identified seven
pull-factor dimensions through a principal component analysis of 53 destination attributes rated by a sample of international tourists. These dimensions are budget, culture and history, wilderness, ease of travel, cosmopolitan environment, facilities, and hunting. Another frequently cited study was conducted by Uysal and Jurowski (1994), who identified four dimensions explaining the variation of 29 destination items using a sample from the Canadian Tourism Attribute and Motivation Survey: entertainment/resort, outdoor/nature, heritage/culture, and rural/inexpensive. Clements (1999) conducted another research in which he determined seven pull variables from a sample of college students: reputation, friends, price, recommendation, recreation, relatives, and other aspects. Klenosky (2002), another recent study, found seven primary pull factors that make a group of sites appealing. Beaches, scenic/natural resources, historic/cultural attractions, a warm temperature, skiing, a party atmosphere, and a new/unique location were among them. Patterson and Li (2008) used structural equation modeling (confirmatory factor analysis) to produce another set of pull motivations: sunlight and scenery, a location to go for excellent value, prominent tourist sites, and a destination for family vacation. According to research, because operationalization of pull factors is empirically oriented, pull factors vary depending on the environment.
Tourist decision-making process - Hamilton and Lau (2004) highlighted climate as an essential element in tourism destination selection. According to the study, tourists consider the factor 'climate' at three distinct stages of the decision-making process: first, during the planning phase, second, after the decision phase, when tourists search for climatic conditions very shortly before the trip, and finally, one week before the trip. The climatic conditions of the locations stay consistent on a seasonal basis and are mostly determined by the character of the destination; nonetheless, the weather fluctuates from day to day. Base on Dunnel (2011) identified four categories of characteristics that impact visitor overall choice making and city break decision making. Internal variables, external variables, trip type, and situational circumstances are among the variables. Internal factors relating to the tourist's personal characteristics such as motivation, attitude, and lifestyle. External variables include the destination's crowd generate elements as well as family-related and social factors in the destination's decisionmaking process. The nature of the trip involves several trip decisions such as the size of the trip, the time of the trip, and the activities planned for the trip. Situational elements vary depending on the type of travel; in this study, they were travel decisions for city breaks. It was argued that these decisions, apart from city travel considerations, add to the tourist's total decision making. Moore (2012) looked at the dynamics of tourist decision making. The study found four new decision-making aspects. The parameters include 'choice freedom,' 'place and time of the journey, 'social composition,' and 'stage of the trip. Flexibility allows for choice revisions in the later phases of the decision-making process. The engagement of group members in decision making is referred to as social composition. The group might include family members or other persons with decision-making power.
METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY.
This section goes over the research methodologies used in this study. A qualitative research technique was chosen as an appropriate option for this investigation. This approach enables the collection of qualitative data on the condition of Uzbekistan's Special Interest Tourism (SIT) and contemporary transportation infrastructure. Williams (2011) described research technique as the comprehensive procedures taken by a researcher prior to the start of a research endeavor. Because it describes human nature and how individuals make sense of their surroundings and lives, qualitative research is a helpful instrument for analyzing specific events (Hammersley, 2016). This type of study is less technical than quantitative techniques and focuses at people's attitudes in everyday situations, making it ideal for examining tourism and hospitality concerns. This study can be carried out through ethnographic fieldwork and combination of inductive and explorative approaches. Interviews, participant or non-participant observations, and focus groups are examples of such approaches (Ren, 2014). A total of 20 one-on-one interviews were carried out with foreign tourists who visited to Tashkent. This study conducted using a convenience sample of 20 international tourists. The tourists were approached and asked if they would be willing to answer numerous questions regarding their reasons and personal preferences for Special Interest Tourism (SIT), as well as transportation aspects that would influence their decision to visit Uzbekistan.
RESULT OF THE STUDY.
This chapter contains the results of data collected through individual face-to-face interviews with 20 international tourists in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. The interview transcripts were analyzed using theme analysis during the interview evaluation. Thematic analysis is a qualitative data analysis method that is frequently employed in the examination of a sequence of texts, such as an interview transcript. The interviews were verbatim transcribed. This was performed by first converting the recorded speech to text and storing all interview text forms to a computer. The terms that appeared the most frequently were then chosen and classed as significant themes.
Table number 1: Tourist responses1
Num Name Country Origin Age Special Interest Tourism (SIT) Transportation Features
1 Peter Germany 52 Adventure, Cultural tourism, relaxation, food Airtransport, flexible, cheap, faster
2 Ida Germany 50 Adventure, Historical Tourism, relaxation, food Airtransport, flexible, cheap, faster
3 Katy Thailand 30 Sightseeing, escaping daily routine Land transport, accessible and safer
4 Fahima Somalia 32 Religious tourism, learning and gaining knowledge, halal food Public transport, cheaper and safer
5 Dahir Somalia 34 Religious tourism, learning and gaining knowledge, halal food Public transport, cheaper and safer
6 Jawed Afghanistan 48 Mice tourism, business and work Airtransport, flexible, cheap, faster
7 Nesar Afghanistan 28 Mice tourism, business and work Airtransport, flexible, cheap, faster
8 David Kazakhstan 19 Educational tourism, Learning and cultural exchange Public transport, cheaper and safer
9 Aysulu Kazakhstan 22 Educational tourism, Learning and cultural exchange Public transport, cheaper and safer
10 Hasbiddin Indonesia 23 Educational tourism, Learning and cultural exchange Public transport, cheaper and safer
11 Chen China 31 Mice tourism, business and investment Land transport, accessible and safer,
faster
12 Chan China 21 Mice tourism, business and investment Land transport, accessible and safer,
faster
13 Kumar India 26 Educational tourism, Learning and cultural exchange Public transport, cheaper and safer
14 Changar Tajikistan 18 Visiting relatives and friends, Sociability Rail transport, safer and cheaper
15 Aliya Kirgizstan 27 Film tourism, Social Rail transport, safer
1 Created by the author
experience and cheaper
16 Dmitri Russia 29 Mice tourism, Exhibition Airtransport, flexible, cheap, faster
17 Aksana Russia 27 Mice tourism, Exhibition Airtransport, flexible, cheap, faster
18 Ekaterina Russia 22 Cultural heritage, learning, sightseeing Public transport, cheaper and safer
19 Ulyana Russia 34 Archeological tourism, work and project Public transport, cheaper and safer
20 Miraslova Russia 36 Extreme tourism, winter resort activities, self-improvement Airtransport, flexible, cheap, faster
All respondents expressed different motivations for visiting to Uzbekistan, which included the thrills and excitement associated with participating in Mice tourism, Religious tourism, Educational Tourism, Film tourism, Cultural tourism, Extreme tourism, Archeological tourism, Cultural heritage and adventure activities; the love of nature and the outdoors; the beauty of the surroundings; and the different types of local, traditional as well as halal food experienced within the country. Base on the respondents that they used Air, Land, Rail and also Public transportation during their trip in Uzbekistan. They also expressed that these transportation feature are safe, cheaper, faster, flexible and easy to access.
DISCUSSION OF THE STUDY.
The following section highlights the major findings of this study and explores how they connect to the study objectives and literature review. The study objectives will be reviewed one at a time to assess whether the findings are noteworthy in comparison to the existing literature. Greater understanding of travel motives can assist tourist marketers in allocating limited tourist resources to their target market more efficiently. It has been suggested (reference) that a motivation-based segmentation strategy will improve the tourism industry since it will give cues and insights that destination marketers may utilize to build and advertise a tourist attraction. People travel for leisure because they are "pushed or pulled" by the forces of their motivations and the qualities of the destination. Push factors are visitors' and their surroundings' socio-psychological structures that impact travel demand by predisposing people to travel or engage in leisure activities. Pull factors are those that emerge as a result of the appeal of a location and are regarded to contribute to the development of the desired destination (Dann, 1977). Dann (1977) went on to claim that trip motives are generated from two concepts: anomie and ego-enhancement. Those who prefer traveling to get away from their routine and daily lives are classified as the first category. The second group includes those who travel to learn more about their environment. According to the interviews, the majority of respondents stated that they came to Uzbekistan for a variety of reasons, including the thrills and excitement of participating in adventure activities, a love of nature and the outdoors, the beauty of the surroundings, and the variety of local halal food available at the resort. Trauer (2006) examined leisure and tourism literature, comparing current typologies and frameworks (leisure and tourist contexts). According to Wearing (2002), the twenty-first-century tourist is 'searching for new and exciting forms of travel (SIT) in defiance of a mass-produced product, yet without 'actually having to involve themselves in any way,' a reflection of increasing commodification and depersonalization within modern and post-modern society (Trauer, 2006). Respondents mentioned that different types of tourism like MICE, Extreme, Cultural heritage, Film tourism, Educational tourism, Archaeological tourism. Transportation is an important aspect of tourism since it allows visitors to view all of the sights they wish to see. Visitors regularly request transportation to visit particular leisure, historical, and recreational places in urban areas (Peeters P, 2019). Tourists' choices for public transportation are consistent, whereas their
preferences for private transportation fluctuate. Meanwhile, contentment with public transportation has a significant impact on local destination trip demand and the overall vacation experience. Which respondent also highlighted the almost every mode of transportation and importantly, features that have positive impacts are accessibility, safe, clean, affordable as well as faster enough to encourage tourists travel one destination to another.
CONCLUSION.
Special Interest tourism (SIT) which is multiple touristic markets such as historical tourism, ecotourism, agricultural tourism, medical tourism, virtual tourism, Mice and business tourism, film tourism, educational tourism, archeological tourism, backpacking and bicycle tourism, and culinary tourism have all grown in popularity in recent years. This might be due to the diversification of tourism services. Practical steps have been launched in recent years to diversify the modern transport structure of tourist services and to develop new types of tourism in Uzbekistan. Much emphasis has been made on boosting the flow of tourists to SIT. This qualitative study revealed that there are various barriers to the growth of SIT. These are related to the requirement for further training, risk management processes, adventure equipment, and a more in-depth understanding of extreme activities. When traveling, a lot of criteria influence the mode of transportation chosen: 1) comfort, 2) safety, and 3) cost. It's worth noting that these criteria appear in the order specified in the responses to face to face questions. When asked to choose between "convenient, safe, and expensive". Mostly respondent highlighted "more convenient, safe and cheap" modes of transportation in a clarifying interview, the frequency curve clearly leaned towards price for all ethnic groups involved; and when asked to choose between "convenient, less safe, but cheap" and " convenient, more safe and cheap," the curve leaned towards more safety. This is a general tendency, however the frequency index differs for different ethnic groups, which is consistent with the findings of other studies. However, respondents also mentioned a lack of adequate roads, as well as public transit billboards, availability of rapid train tickets, defibrillators, anti-poison medication, and Wi-Fi within transportation. If the industry entrepreneurs and principles should consider their highlighted issue and evaluate it which lead to more international tourist flow to the country.
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