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46These varieties have appeared and are still spoken as a dialect in those countries since English has or has had a direct impact on them. However, the countries that do not grant any official estimation to the language learn English as a foreign language.
According to the Open University, about 700 million people speak English as a foreign language [2, P.62]. Uzbekistan is among the states that regard and learn it as a foreign language. Although Uzbek people do not apply English as free and fluently as Indians do, we can observe them used when calling news notions related to food, computers, telecommunication and the Internet. However, the words are usually mispronounced as a result of the lack of direct contact with the English language. For instance, Paynet- the service that transfers money into people's phone accounts - is pronounced wrongly as many [painet], but the right way to say it is [peinet]. It is used so widely that speakers of EFL pronounce it as generally accepted by the public. The Call me message is read as [kel mi]. Nevertheless, the right pronunciation of the word combination is ko:l mi]. This is prompted by the people's assumption that in English a letter is pronounced as [ei] in all the words since everybody remembers Basic English words they learnt at school, apple, cat. As a consequence, people attempt to pronounce the a sound in the way they were taught during their younger ages. When people are called by an unknown number, they read the word in the way Uzbek words are pronounced [unknown]. This is usually very noticeable in the speech of the elderly as more and more youth are aware of such words and readings to a certain degree. Furthermore, Russian version of pronunciation of the abbreviation USB [yuzbi] is kept in Uzbek, which actually must be read as other abbreviations in English. We can observe the influence of Uzbek pronunciation on the food name KFC. People say it [kepsi] instead of separate reading. It is the result of consonant change: [f] is pronounced as [p] in most cases (falokat - palakat). Other examples include: mo [imo], BMW [bi emve], UMS [yumees]. The proper way to say those words in Standard English is [aimo], [bi em double ju] and [juemes]. Although the term Uzlish is not yet coined and included into internationally popular dictionaries, many scholars engaged in English learning and teaching tend to use it to mean the variant of Uzbek based on English. However, the English words are currently restricted to the names of only brands and technological advancement terms.
References
1. Crystal D. (2007). English as a Global Language. Second edition. The United States: Cambridge University Press.
2. Graddol D. (2007). English Next: Why global English may mean the end of 'English as a Foreign Language'. The United Kingdom: The English Company LTD.
CULTURAL REPRESENTATIONS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Mirzayeva I.
Mirzayeva Iroda - Teacher, DEPARTMENT OF THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, UZBEK STATE UNIVERSITY OF WORLD LANGUAGES, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the language bearing the communicative character, it also carries cultural value. Each individual who is a part of a particular society perceives the world differently and each notion in a language gives certain idea. The given article reflects the English cultural notions which are accepted similarly or differently by Uzbek language speakers. Keywords: representation, culture, symbol, interpretation, interculture.
Cultural awareness teaching should be involved with viewpoints, and with allowing students to gain a perspective through comparison, in the process of which from the two viewpoints there lies the possibility of attaining leverage on both cultures, and thereby acquiring an intercultural communicative competence. Often students do not realize that the teacher is attempting to teach aspects of the target language culture, but it is possible to use variety of cultural products and representations, such as [2] :
Olive branch - is a figurative symbol that is represented in the official symbol of the U.S. An eagle holds an olive branch in one hand while in the other hand it carries an arrow. Arrow means strength and illustrates the power of the country, and olive branch depicts the peace both inside the country and on an international scale. Olive branch has traditionally been recognized as a symbol of peace and victory and historically worn by brides and virgins. It derived from Ancient Greece observed in awarding it to Olympic victors. In comparison to Uzbek culture, peace is illustrated through pure colors such as white and the sky. In Uzbekistan flag one can see white colors which have a deliberate meaning of seeking peace and celebrating peaceful means in every situation. Peace is also associated with the common sayings of people like this one: "May our sky be pure, our homeland be peaceful". We can imagine as if the land will be peaceful when the sky is bright. Here sky and land carry the close meaning of peace in particular. In conclusions, some symbols in America have a historical and traditional basis while in Uzbekistan we mostly give a figurative shade to common concepts.
Everything will be okay - is an expression used to encourage people to keep forward. We can say that it is the result of Americans' positive thinking. In all the situations Americans try to think positively and say phrases which push the person not to look back on the drawbacks or misfortune, but go ahead and look forward. Such phrases are usual: "Don't worry!" "Everything will go right!", "You can do it", "Have fun".
But their positive attitude is not drawn from just a form of oral sympathy; rather they really mean what they say. They think all the challenges are trials and every person must pass it him/herself. It is only himself who can save him from drowning in the sea they consider. Uzbek people also tend to say positive sympathies to hardship and troubles. However, it is rooted from religious factor that is we believe in God and in fate determined by God. So when we say "Everything will be okay", we expect the person to ask God to give him good times and pray for God, and then get what he wanted.
Nonetheless, Uzbek women seem more supportive for their children than American mothers. For example, if they let their children to play with other boys or girls, Americans say "You can do it", "Have a great fun", however, Uzbek mothers warn their children by saying "Be careful!", "Don't make your clothes dirty". Americans see their children as individual figures that should learn to struggle from early ages, while Uzbek women take the whole control over the child on purpose to defend him/her from bad luck and bad situations because they see their children as defenseless small creatures who need lots of help from adults. In conclusion, Americans call people to fight forward themselves without others' help [1], but Uzbek people try to show more sympathy when thinking positively, which supports people to feel relief from not being alone in those challenging situations.
Enjoy/ You are leaving? - are expressions used in café and restaurants by waiters/waitresses. When they say enjoy, they mean client to enjoy their meals. The other phrase means Here you go, Now you've been served / Your food is here / You can now set about eating this, that is to say Here you go now, from waiting and talking to eating your dinner. Even in restaurants and cafés it is usual and expected the waiters to be polite and wish their clients bon appétit. In Uzbek culture, however, waiters are not expected to wish good appétit. More focus is drawn to the quality of the service that is physical features of serving people rather than communicative skills of waiters. This is because Uzbek people are very practical and believe in the things they see and touch. It seems unnecessary to wish them to enjoy their meal because they feel they are going to enjoy it since they themselves
came to your café feeling hungry. This shows the politeness of Americans and practical approach of Uzbek people to everyday situations.
Kindness- is the quality of being gentle, caring, and helpful. They mean a lot when Americans say "She is a kind girl/boy". This expression can be a situation when a new boy neighbor stopped listening loud music at nights because the other neighbor asked him because of the children.
References
1. Lum D. (2004). Cultural Competence, Practice Stages, and Client Systems: Case Study Approach.// Cengage Learning.
2. Vission L. (2002). Russian problem of the English speech: words and phrases of two cultures.
LINGVOCULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF UZBEK PROVERB
Mukhammadieva M.
Muhammadieva Madina - Teacher, DEPARTMENT OF THE ENGLISH THEORETICAL ASPECTS № 3, UZBEKISTAN STATE WORLD LANGUAGES UNIVERSITY, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article studies the semantic meaning of Uzbek proverbs and its theoretical characteristics. It also analyzes cultural effect on the proverbs' formation. The article shows some examples of the Uzbek folklore proverb. Keywords: proverb, lingvoculture, expression, etymology.
A proverb is a short familiar epigrammatic saying expressing popular wisdom, a truth or a moral lesson in a concise and, imaginative way. Proverbs have much in common with set expressions because their lexical components are also constant, their meaning is traditional and mostly figurative, and they are introduced into speech ready-made. That is why some scholars following V.V.Vinogradov think proverbs must be studied together with phraseological unities [2]. Others like N.N.Amosova thinks [1] that unless they regularly form parts of other sentences it is erroneous to include them into the system of language because they are independent units of communication. There is no more reason to consider them as part of phraseology than, for instance, riddles and children's counts. This standpoint is hardly acceptable especially if we do not agree with the narrow limits of phraseology offered by this author. As to the argument that in many proverbs the meaning of component parts does not show any specific changes when compared to the meaning of the same words in free combinations, it must be pointed out that in this respect they do not differ from very many set expressions, especially those which are emotionally neutral. Another reason why proverbs must be taken into consideration together with set expressions is that they often form the basis of set expressions. Different cultures have different norms, values and schema. One's own culture is compared to air. People usually do not pay attention to it. They unconsciously regard it as standard. When they encounter something different, they tend to think it strange or abnormal. Therefore, it is necessary to be conscious of one's own culture and realize that it is one of many. Japanese tend to regard the word as "high-culture" such as traditional arts. People are not conscious of different cultures and their own culture. Proverbs and sayings carry cultural connotations and meaning, too. One Uzbek proverb goes, "Silence is gold" meaning that silence is better or useful than eloquence. On the other hand, English proverb says, "Squeaking wheels get oil." which means if you are quiet, you
