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Bo'stonov Z. T. agricultural sciences associate professor Andijan Agricultural and Agrotechnological Institute
CREATION OF A PLANTATION OF SPINY COVAR (CAPPARIS SPINOSA L...) AND IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF PRODUCTS
Abstract: this article covers the issues of organizing a plantation of Capparis spinosa L. and increasing the product's product quality.
Key words: prickly pear, seed, seedling, root, stem, flower, berry, watermelon, plantation, wire garden, medicinal plant.
On April 27, 2011, a briefing was held at the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan on the issue of the production of medicinal preparations from medicinal plants growing in the conditions of Uzbekistan. Based on the goals and tasks of the briefing, the application of the technologies of research and cultivation of medicinal plants is of great economic and social importance.
One of such types of plants is kovar, all of its products can be used to prevent and treat various diseases. In the fruit processing industry, medicinal and iodine-rich canned products are used as raw materials for the preparation of various medicines for the pharmaceutical industry. Prepared products serve to supply the domestic and foreign markets and increase the export potential and economic efficiency of the industry. Today, this type of plant grows wild in the desert and steppe of some regions and districts of our Republic. The technology of cultivation and proces of cultural varieties of the plant has not been studied.
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.M. During his visit to Namangan region on July 8, 2017, Mirziyoev emphasized the need to reduce the area of cotton and grain in the districts affected by cotton and replace them with high-yielding fruits and vegetables and covar.In recent years, consistent reforms have been implemented in the republic regarding the protection of medicinal plants, the rational use of natural resources, the establishment of plantations for the cultivation of medicinal plants and their processing. 750 species of more than 4.3 thousand plants belonging to the local flora are considered medicinal, 112 of them are registered for use in scientific medicine, 70 of them are actively used in the pharmaceutical industry. In 2022, 48 million USD worth of processed medicinal plant products were exported.
At the same time, analyzes show the need to protect medicinal plants, establish their plantations, and create an additional value chain through processing of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on 10.04.2020 The Resolution No. PQ-4670 "On measures for the protection, cultivation, processing and rational use of available resources of medicinal plants growing in the wild" was, and the cultivation and processing of medicinal plants in order to create a favorable
environment for further development, to increase the export potential of the industry, as well as to integrate education, science and production processes:
Starting from May 1, 2020, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Ministry of Innovative Development, the State Forestry Committee, the Agency for the Development of the Pharmaceutical Network under the Ministry of Health, proposals on the establishment of primary or deep processing clusters (hereinafter - the cluster of medicinal plants), as well as on the specialization of regions on the cultivation of medicinal plants, were approved.
In this decision, because Capparis spinosa L. is a drought-resistant (xerophytic) plant in the form of seeds and seedlings, its mechanical composition is suitable for light soils, mountainous and plain land areas, Bostonliq, Ahangaron of Tashkent region. It is recommended to grow in the districts of Zomin, Bakhmal, Gallaorol, Forish of Jizzakh region, Pop, Chust of Namangan region, Asaka, Buloqboshi, Andijan, Kurgantepa and Jalaguduk districts of Andijan region, Bukhara, Navoi, Kashkadarya, Surkhandarya regions.
One of the most urgent tasks of the Forest Fund is to use the unused steppe and hilly zones in the desert and hilly soil and climatic conditions, and to get economic benefits from them, to properly organize plantations. medicinal plants. Kovar cultivation is the most promising field, its establishment does not require excessive funds and resources. The reason is that the thorn bush, which grows freely on the ground, does not choose a place, it is very resistant to lack of water. Wild species grow and produce from May to October.
As an implementation of this decision, the Andijan branch of the Forestry Research Institute and the scientists of the Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agro-Technology conducted research on the practical project on the topic "Organization of capparis spinosa L. plantation" is being conducted.
Within the framework of this project, 2 kilograms of seeds of Uzbekistan-20 variety of the Qovul plant, founded by scientists of the Namangan Institute of Engineering Technologies, were starified in laboratory conditions in January. After these seeds germinated, on April 13, they were planted on a 1-hectare field in the Babur forest plot belonging to the Adijon State Forestry.
In order to establish a thorny kovar plantation, its surroundings were fenced to protect it from people and livestock. Seedlings were prepared from the collected seeds, planted and cared for in the research area. In the first year, a plantation was established on an area of 5 hectares. In two different periods - spring and autumn, the optimal periods of growing thorny kovar were studied, and cultural plantations were established from the first-year seedlings in a small area. The results of the experiment were mathematically analyzed and a scientific report was prepared based on the collected data.
Care of seeds and seedlings sown in two different periods in spring and autumn for the establishment of Kovul plantation, planting additional seedlings instead of non-germinated seeds, fertilizing the germinated plants with nitrogen and phosphorus mineral fertilizers. watering; Caring for seeds and seedlings
planted in two different periods, implementation of high agrotechnical measures in caring for planted seeds and seedlings; Watering, weeding, feeding, disease and pest control; Carrying out high-quality agrotechnical activities in Kovul plantations, paying special attention to the ripening of flower buds and cultural seed production.
Cultivated kovar plant from seeds of Uzbekistan-20 variety and planting and experimental comparison of growth, development and productivity with seedlings of wild kovar species (Sapparis Spinoza L...) study; Harvesting of the first crops from the kovul plantations planted in spring and autumn in two different periods. Collecting high-quality flower buds from the established Kovul plantations and using them for drying the remaining fruits for the food or pharmaceutics industry, as well as obtaining seeds, were carried out.
Andijan State Forestry, central Andijan District, Botakora Adirlik area, Z. Babur National Recreation Park and Farij State Forestry areas of Jizzakh region were selected, and Kovul plantation was established in these three areas. scientific and research work was carried out to increase the level of marketability of its products.
Biological properties of the covar plant; Representatives of the Kavardosh family are non-succulent grasses and shrubs. Their leaves are simple or claw-like, complex, arranged alternately, often without side leaves. The flowers are bisexual, solitary or in closed inflorescences. The calyx has 4 leaves, and the crown has 4 diagonally arranged. Paternity is infinite or 4-6, the middle 4 is derived from the division of 2. Mother has 1-2 or several fruits with leaves. The nodule is superior, with one or more cells and many seed pods. The seed pod is bent, the fruit is ovoid or rhizophorus, and when it bursts, it is a tulip-shaped fruit that is pollinated by insects.
One of the characteristic signs of the family is that the end of the flower band grows and turns into a long band genophore, which supports the mother. Such a tumor is also formed in fathers. They are similar to the flowers in their flower structure, but they differ from them in the absence of side leaves.
Since the fruits of terrestrial plants are in contact with the earth's surface, there are changes in the quality of the fruits, cases of damage by diseases and pests. This, in turn, has a serious effect on the quality of the crop and the level of the commodity, and leads to a decrease in income from the economic point of view.
In order to overcome such problems, the use and development of innovative technologies is an important issue today. During the growth and development phases of the kavar plant, raising the stem above the ground increases the marketability of the products. Based on the results of the conducted research, a construction of special 4-6 mm metal wire supports was developed for raising the plant from the ground. In the course of research, it was achieved that the quality of the fruits grown in special folk farms was increased by 85-90%. (Figure 1).
References:
1. Sahobiddinov S.S. Systematics of plants. T., 1966.
2. K. Abdullaeva, Z. Bostonov, M. Khayitalieva, establishment of a plantation of capparis spinosa l. science and innovation international scientific journal 2022. No.
3. Merganov A.T. "Technology of Capparis spinosa growing and product processing under extreme conditions"Recommendation on: Namangan-2017
4. A. Merganov, Z. Bostonov, Z. Abdullaev, the importance of innovative technologies in the establishment of capparis spinosa plant plantations in areas with extreme conditions. science and innovation international scientific journal 2022. No.2
