CC BY
12
Ramazonov S. U. trainee-teacher "Innovative Economy" department Karshi Institute of Engineering and Economics
CAPERS (KAVAR) MEDICINAL PLANT AND ITS ECONOMIC
EFFICIENCY
Abstract. In this article, Capers and its structure, the issues of increasing income and economic efficiency in the economy by using it in medicine and food industry are covered. The article describes the results of research on the cultivation of capers in the region and its use as a source of income. Capers are an important source of various secondary metabolites of interest to mankind. The traditional therapeutic use of Capers dates back to the Ancient Romans. From different parts of capers (leaves, buds, flowers, roots and seeds) from in medicine wide is used.
Keywords: capers traditional medicine, pharmaceutical industry, capers plantations, capers export.
Development of new types of processing industry products using local raw materials, preparation of competitive products to replace domestic and imported products, rational use of land and water resources are among the priorities in Uzbekistan. current issues [5].
In particular, steppes, deserts, drylands that are not used in practice today in regions and districts of our republic There are lands and territories. In 20122020, in order to increase the economic efficiency of lands with such conditions, a number of scientific works were carried out in order to plant drought-resistant plant species and use them in industry. In particular, a research and project was developed on the cultivation of the "Uzbekistan-20" thorny kovul (kavar) variety in the desert and desert lands, its agrobiological properties, chemical composition, importance and economic efficiency in the food and pharmaceutical industry. [1].
It is a widespread perennial plant belonging to the Capers family, up to 1.5 m tall, with slightly growing and spreading branches, a strong root system 70 cm deep. The fruit is oval, fleshy, green in color, contains many kidney-shaped brown seeds. It blooms and bears fruit in May-July. Capers may be one of the smallest ingredients in many people's favorite dinners, and these little bits are more delicious than they seem in both taste and nutritional value [6]._
100 g of canned capers RDA
Carbohydrates 5g 1%
Fiber 3g 10%
Sugar 0.4g
Proteins 2g 4%
Fat 0.9g 1%
Minerals
Sodium 2.77g 115%
Potassium 40mg 1%
Calcium 40mg 4%
Magnesium 33mg 8-10%
Iron 1.7mg 9%
Vitamins
Vitamin C 4.3mg 7%
Vitamin E 3.3mg 15%
Vitamin B3 0.65mg
Vitamin B2 0.14mg 12%
Vitamin A up to 134 IU (0.08mg betacarotene) 2%
Vitamin K 0.02mg 15%
Energy 20 kcal
A key ingredient in baked chicken and smoked salmon, smoked capers have a lemony and salty flavor that even picky eaters will love. Their taste varies slightly depending on how they are packaged [6].
Capers, made from the immature buds of the plant, are associated with Mediterranean cuisine and are grown from Morocco to Australia. They have a long history and were even mentioned in the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh in 2000 BC. Compared to unopened pumpkin bud fruit, it is healthier and more expensive
[ 3 ]
Capers is a multi-seeded plant that grows among wild plants and grows in deserts and hills, on walls and among crops. Its fruit is 2 cm long. Its seeds ripen in July-August. The fruits of this medicinal plant contain saponins, alkaloids, 32.9% of carbohydrates, 150 mg of ascorbic acid, 3.75% of oil, the root bark contains stracid alkaloid [7].
Another important benefit of capers is that it is also used to prevent cancer. When eaten with poultry or red (roasted) meat, capers help limit the production of harmful fatty acids that increase the risk of cell damage and cancer. Thus, capers are especially beneficial for people who eat red meat or other sources of saturated fat [10].
The capers or kavar plant is naturally distributed in the Mediterranean Sea, Southern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, including Pakistan, Uzbekistan and India. This plant is cultivated in France, Spain, Italy, Algeria and Cyprus, Greece and North America, the name of the plant is related to Dashti- Kavi r desert in Iran. Because c apers as a plant is the most common plant in these areas [ 5 ].
Besides being a medicinal plant, capers are also used as food. Buds, developing fruits are saturated with acetic acid and are very popular in food called "Capers". The body parts of capers have diuretic and antiseptic properties [3].
This unique plant, which we call capers, is a valuable raw material. Abu Ali ibn Sina wrote down the methods of preparing medicinal herbs from this plant used in the treatment of many diseases. In 2020, capers was grown in Uzbekistan
and received the name "Uzbekistan-20". Kovul does not choose land, its farming technique is not complicated, that is, it does not require care. He takes care of himself. Newly planted capers is harvested after 3 years and yields up to 20 tons per hectare [3].
If we take into account that 125,000 dollars can be earned from each hectare, it can be seen that the economic efficiency of this plant is high. At the moment, farmers and farm land owners are trying to get high income by planting sorghum seeds on vacant and unused farm land [9].
Popular in the world market, capers is one of the beneficial factors that strengthen the economy of farmers and landowners. The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Sh.M. Mirziyoyev, during his visit to the Namangan region, gave relevant assignments on the cultivation, development, production, and export of cabbage. This was an important step in the implementation of future plans of farmers and entrepreneurs. During the past period, 5 thousand 130 hectares of land area in Galabin, Sabzazor, Akhchin massifs of Chust region were allotted to entrepreneurs for planting kovol [4].
"Baraka Meva Industrial Service" Limited Liability Company, which supports the development of the export of agricultural products grown in our country, is grown in natural conditions in the name of Zomin, Gallaorol, Forish, Sharof Rashidov of Jizzakh region, Buloqboshi of Andijan region, Chust and Kosonsoy regions of Namangan region.. Its export started in 2009. On February 18, 2014, he participated in the "World Food Exhibition" held in Dubai, UAE, and managed to conclude a contract with the Turkish companies "Denamikes" and "Denizli". In 2014 there is ib 187,000 USD, 2015 USD 317,000 USD and 2016 USD 581,000 USD exports. In 2017, Italy's Mapricom 242 tons to the company, Denashikes of Turkey " and " Denizli 495 tons of capers were delivered to the companies. In 2019, products worth 120 thousand dollars were sent to Italy. In March-April 2020, another 128 tons of high-quality, cheap products were exported [ 4 ].
In April 2021, a meeting was held with the above companies and firms, and based on the agreements, products in the amount of 1 billion 780 thousand US dollars were delivered this year. Not only the export of agricultural products abroad, but also the processing and export of finished products are being researched [8].
The joint venture, working in cooperation with the Italian company "Marrikom", has been operating since 2019 and exports more than 3 thousand tons of products under the trademark "Made in Uzbekistan" per year. Many new jobs have been created on the basis of orchards, walnut groves, and greenhouses established on the still unused steppe lands. This species is distributed in the entire territory of Uzbekistan and Central Asia, it is found mainly in the desert and half-desert zone, in the foothills and foothills, sometimes it also penetrates into the middle region of the mountains [2].
Within the framework of the project, new, previously unregistered densely grown areas in Jizzakh region were studied, and new densely grown areas were identified in Kashkadarya, Surkhandarya, Samarkand, Navoi, Bukhara regions, as well as in Fergana region. 15-17 years ago, expeditions were conducted to confirm that densely grown sections of the valley were preserved. According to the data, Jizzakh region is the richest region in terms of the presence of almost pure, densely grown kovul plantations. An industrial enterprise with modern equipment is operating in Forish district of Jizzakh region in the city of Jizzakh.
The expedition to the Bukhara region showed that it is useless to collect raw materials from the kovul in this area. They are found singly everywhere, but nowhere do they form areas of dense enough growth for industrial harvesting. Information about trips organized to Jizzakh and Samarkand regions in 2014-2019 was also used. [ 3 ]
It should be noted that one of the main reasons is the anthropogenic factor (exploitation of land for the construction of housing, roads, communications, gardens, vineyards, farms, mining, etc.) that prevents the production of coal.
Livestock feeding has a positive effect on the condition of densely planted crops, because the cow does not eat cowpeas. The number of cattle raised in Kashkadarya and Surkhandarya regions has significantly exceeded the permissible limit. In addition, in some places, the local population purposefully digs up the soil and clears the areas they occupy for the necessary pasture plants.
Today, capers are widely used in pharmaceutical, food industry and traditional medicine. In Jizzakh region, 12 exporting enterprises are engaged in the export of wool. In this case, after harvesting the buds, they are sorted in special mechanized equipment. Then it is washed, put in special containers and sent for export [7].
In 2019 alone, 2 thousand 102 tons of kovol worth 3 million 320 thousand dollars were exported mainly to Turkey and Spain by the participants of foreign economic activity of Gallaorol, Zomin and Sharof Rashidov districts. In 20172021, the program of measures for the reform of sectors of the economy of Uzbekistan is aimed at increasing the competitiveness of the economy and the share of industry in the gross domestic product in 2021 through the modernization and active diversification of leading sectors. reached 30% [ 5 ].
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